| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.72252399 |
| Ghrelin directly interacts with neuropeptide Y containing neurons in the rat arcuate nucleus : Ca2+ signaling via protein kinase A and N type channel dependent mechanisms and cross talk with leptin and orexin . 0.72252399^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.74946067 |
| In 120 healthy men and women , ghrelin was negatively associated with leptin as well as overall and central adiposity , but not with total energy or specific macronutrient intake . 0.74946067^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.54034675 |
| We analyzed , in 42 PD patients , the possible relationship between ghrelin and appetite regulation with regard to other orexigens [ neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) , NO 3 ] and anorexigens [ cholecystokinin ( CCK ) , leptin , glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide ( GIP ) , tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNFalpha ) ] . 0.54034675^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.54727619 |
| Leptin , insulin , glucose and alpha lipoic acid have been shown to reduce food intake by lowering hypothalamic AMP activated protein kinase activity , whereas ghrelin and glucose depletion increase food intake by increasing hypothalamic AMP activated protein kinase activity . 0.54727619^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recently several significant advances have been made in this area , including the identification of the appetite regulating hormone , leptin , and a detailed understanding of its targets in the central nervous system ( CNS ) , such as neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) and the melanocortin 4 receptor . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Androgens play an important role in the regulation of body mass composition and influence the secretion of leptin , the appetite regulating hormone . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Therefore , the present study was undertaken in order to address the aetiology of the risperidone induced bodyweight change in rats by examining the expression of leptin , an appetite regulating hormone produced in white adipose tissue ( WAT ) , and uncoupling protein ( UCP ) 1 , a substance promoting energy expenditure in the brown adipose tissues ( BAT ) . 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The growth hormone secretagogue ( GHS ) ghrelin is known to stimulate food intake and to be the endogenous ligand for the GHS receptor , which is strongly expressed in the arcuate nucleus , like the leptin receptor ( Ob R ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Regulation of growth hormone secretagogue receptor gene expression in the arcuate nuclei of the rat by leptin and ghrelin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A total of 283 SNP were discovered in 31 897 base pairs ( bp ) from 12 genes of the growth hormone ( GH ) , growth hormone receptor ( GHR ) , ghrelin , growth hormone secretagogue receptor ( GHSR ) , insulin like growth factor 1 and 2 ( IGF 1 and 2 ) , insulin like growth factor binding protein 2 ( IGFBP 2 ) , insulin , leptin receptor ( LEPR ) , pituitary specific transcription factor 1 ( PIT 1 ) , somatostatin ( SS ) , thyroid stimulating hormone beta subunit ( TSH beta ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Our data indicate that ghrelin directly enhanced adipocyte leptin release and ob mRNA expression , that the leptin releasing activity of ghrelin was additive to the action of both insulin and dexamethasone and was abrogated by protein synthesis inhibitors , and that effects of ghrelin on adipocyte ob mRNA expression and release were blocked by coincubation with the specific growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a antagonist . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We examined the effects of the gastric peptide ghrelin on energy balance in association with leptin and vagal nerve activity . ^^^ Ghrelin gene expression in the stomach was increased by fasting and in ob / ob mice , and was decreased by administration of leptin and IL 1 beta . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : : Ghrelin , which is negatively regulated by leptin and IL 1 beta , is secreted by the stomach and increases arcuate NPY expression , which in turn acts through Y ( 1 ) receptors to increase food intake and decrease energy expenditure . ^^^ Gastric peptide ghrelin may thus function as part of the orexigenic pathway downstream from leptin and is a potential therapeutic target not only for obesity but also for anorexia and cachexia . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin augmented NPY gene expression and blocked leptin induced feeding reduction , implying that there is a competitive interaction between ghrelin and leptin in feeding regulation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Chronic central infusion of insulin or leptin during a 48 h fast suppressed the threefold increase in the Fos response to intravenous injection of a maximally effective dose of growth hormone releasing peptide ( GHRP ) 6 , a synthetic growth hormone secretagogue . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Discrepancy between serum leptin values and total body fat in response to the oral growth hormone secretagogue MK 677 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin , an endogenous growth hormone secretagogue , is a novel orexigenic peptide that antagonizes leptin action through the activation of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y / Y1 receptor pathway . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Fasting plasma ghrelin was negatively correlated with percent body fat ( r = 0 . 45 ; P = 0 . 01 ) , fasting insulin ( r = 0 . 45 ; P = 0 . 01 ) and leptin ( r = 0 . 38 ; P = 0 . 03 ) concentrations . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This review will be focused on recent data regarding the mechanism by which growth hormone releasing hormone ( GHRH ) influences somatotroph cell function and the physiological role played by Ghrelin and leptin in the regulation of growth hormone ( GH ) secretion . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin , insulin , and leptin were measured by radioimmunoassay in plasma samples drawn 38 times throughout a 24 h period in 10 healthy subjects provided meals on a fixed schedule . ^^^ Intermeal ghrelin levels displayed a diurnal rhythm that was exactly in phase with that of leptin , with both hormones rising throughout the day to a zenith at 0100 , then falling overnight to a nadir at 0900 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These facts indicate that ghrelin is a natural leptin antagonist . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To date , most studies focused on the role of ghrelin in GH secretion or its function in complementing leptin action to prevent energy deficits . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Rather , these signals interact with long term regulators ( i . e . , insulin , leptin , and possibly the orexigenic gastric peptide , ghrelin ) to maintain energy homeostasis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Upregulation of Ghrelin expression in the stomach upon fasting , insulin induced hypoglycemia , and leptin administration . ^^^ The ghrelin mRNA level in the stomach also increased after administration of insulin and leptin . ^^^ Conversely , db / db mice , which are deficient in the leptin receptor , had lower ghrelin mRNA levels than control mice . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The role of leptin in the appetite regulation in man is still not clear , other signalling molecules may have also an effect , e . g . , ghrelin , which primarily stimulates STH secretion and brings about weight gain . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The complex interaction between several neurotransmitters such as dopamine , serotonin , neuropeptide Y , leptin , acetylcholine , melanin concentrating hormone , ghrelin , nitric oxide , and cytokines and insulin and insulin receptors in the brain ultimately determines and regulates food intake . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , the present results underscore an unexpected role of ghrelin as signal with ability to potentially modulate not only growth and body weight homeostasis but also reproductive function , a phenomenon also demonstrated recently for the adipocyte derived hormone , leptin . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin and leptin pulse discharge in fed and fasted rats . ^^^ Ghrelin stimulates and leptin inhibits appetite by modulating neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) signaling in the hypothalamus . ^^^ Analysis of plasma ghrelin and leptin by sensitive radioimmunoassays showed that the two peripheral hormones are secreted in pulsatile fashion in rats consuming ad libitum rat chow . ^^^ Fasting augmented all parameters of ghrelin pulsatile secretion and diminished leptin secretion by selectively attenuating the pulse amplitude ; concomitantly it produced synchrony in ghrelin and leptin pulse discharge . ^^^ These studies imply that a synchronous leptin restraint and ghrelin stimulus on NPYergic signaling may underlie robust appetitive drive . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin is a signal peptide isolated from rat stomach antagonistic to actions of leptin . ^^^ The aim of the study was to investigate possible melatonin ghrelin interactions in weight regulation by studying the effects of continuous pharmacologic melatonin treatment and constant light on plasma ghrelin , leptin , and GH levels in rats . ^^^ Ghrelin levels correlated negatively with plasma leptin levels in control rats kept in 12 h of light / 12 h of dark but not in the melatonin treated animals . ^^^ The inverse ghrelin leptin relationship was also disrupted by constant illumination . ^^^ The results suggest new interplay between the pineal gland and energy metabolism as well as reenforce the hypothesis that ghrelin is antagonistic to leptin . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Methods : Experiment 1 ( n = 10 ) studied plasma glucose , insulin , leptin and ghrelin for 6 hours after a 790 kcal liquid meal . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the present paper , we measured plasma ghrelin as well as two important hormones ( leptin and insulin ) in Long Evans rats placed in two different feeding situations , e . g . , either with imposed diets or with food choice . ^^^ Ghrelin was inversely correlated with plasma leptin ( r = 0 . 55 ; P < 0 . 003 ) and blood glucose ( r = 0 . 58 ; P < 0 . 001 ) as well as with body weight ( r = 0 . 63 ; P < 0 . 0001 ) and body fat content estimated by the sampling of specific fat pads ( r = 0 . 62 ; P < 0 . 0001 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The plasma ghrelin levels measured from pooled plasma increased and at the same time the leptin levels measured from pooled plasma decreased at 50 or 250 mg BPA kg ( 1 ) day ( 1 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Central leptin gene therapy blocks high fat diet induced weight gain , hyperleptinemia , and hyperinsulinemia : increase in serum ghrelin levels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : We investigated the effects of a test meal on plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations in 13 lean and 10 obese subjects . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Obese subjects do not exhibit the decline in plasma ghrelin and leptin seen after a meal in the lean . ^^^ The role of the decline in leptin is unclear but given the orexigenic properties of ghrelin , the lack of suppression following a meal in obese subjects could lead to increased food consumption and suggest that ghrelin may be involved in the pathophysiology of obesity . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Among the most detailed mediators studied are corticotropin releasing factor and serotonin which , via the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system , stimulate catecholamines and cortisol and inhibit anabolic hormones , insulin , leptin , ghrelin , including neuropeptide Y and other neuropeptides , among them the paracrine acting cytokines . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| They underwent clinical examination and assessment of plasma or serum levels of ghrelin leptin , soluble leptin receptor , IGF 1 , IGFBP 1 and IGFBP 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Leptin , ghrelin , and energy metabolism of the spawning burbot ( Lota lota , L . ) . ^^^ Leptin protein and a ghrelin immunoreactive peptide were detected in burbot plasma . ^^^ The functions of leptin and the ghrelin immunoreactive peptide in the physiology of the burbot are not consistent with the models of their function in mammals . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The novel hormone ghrelin is a potent orexigen that may counterbalance leptin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma leptin , ghrelin , thyroxine , testosterone , cortisol , and melatonin concentrations were also measured . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Long term suppression of weight gain , adiposity , and serum insulin by central leptin gene therapy in prepubertal rats : effects on serum ghrelin and appetite regulating genes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| PATIENTS : Serum ghrelin , insulin and leptin levels were measured in 31 healthy normal weight subjects as controls , 25 patients with simple obesity and 17 non diabetic acromegalic patients . ^^^ Serum ghrelin levels showed a significant negative correlation with insulin , leptin and body mass index ( P < 0 . 05 ) in normal and obese subjects . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two of these , the circulating peptide hormones leptin and ghrelin have actions that include reciprocal effects on appetite regulating neurons in the hypothalamus . ^^^ This article reviews data discussed at a recent meeting ( 1 ) , where an overview of recent developments in research into leptin and ghrelin was presented . ^^^ Topics covered are the roles of leptin and ghrelin in the regulation of food intake and energy production ; the integration of food intake with other energy regulated processes , such as growth , sexual maturation and reproduction , sleep and the immune response ; and pathological conditions , ranging from diabetes to psychiatric disorders . 1 This report summarizes conclusions of the meeting ' Brain Somatic Cross Talk and the Central Metabolism ' held in Paris on January 28 , 2002 . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Immunoreactive ghrelin in human cord blood : relation to anthropometry , leptin , and growth hormone . ^^^ Leptin and ghrelin central effects are mediated , at least partly , through the neuropeptide Y / Y1 receptor pathway in the hypothalamus . ^^^ METHODS : We determined whether ghrelin is also present in the fetus and investigated its relationship to leptin , growth hormone , birth weight , and calf and abdominal circumferences in 90 full term neonates . ^^^ In contrast to leptin , ghrelin concentrations of boys and girls were not statistically different . ^^^ In male neonates , ghrelin is positively correlated with leptin and negatively with growth hormone . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To investigate the influence of age on circulating levels of ghrelin , a total of 19 young and old normal weight subjects ( Y NW , n=12 ; O NW , n=7 ) , six patients with active AN ( A AN ) , and seven patients with morbid obesity ( OB ) were studied . ^^^ Mean plasma ghrelin concentrations in A AN or OB were higher and lower respectively than those present in Y NW . ^^^ Interestingly , mean plasma ghrelin concentrations in O NW were significantly lower than those present in Y NW and superimposable on those of OB . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this review , we examine the role played in homeostatic regulation of feeding by systemic mediators such as leptin and ghrelin , which act on brain systems utilizing neuropeptide Y , agouti related peptide , melanocortins , orexins , and melanin concentrating hormone , among other mediators . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We studied the effect of 4 10 50 microg of ghrelin administered hourly as intravenous boluses between 2200 and 0100 on sleep EEG and the secretion of plasma GH , ACTH , cortisol , prolactin , and leptin in humans ( n = 7 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Evidence for the existence of distinct central appetite , energy expenditure , and ghrelin stimulation pathways as revealed by hypothalamic site specific leptin gene therapy . ^^^ Finally , leptin transgene expression in all four sites augmented serum ghrelin and thermogenic energy expenditure , as shown by uncoupling protein 1 mRNA expression in brown adipose tissue . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Key peripheral signals , such as leptin , insulin , and ghrelin , have been linked to hypothalamic neuropeptide systems , and the anatomic and functional networks that integrate these systems have begun to be elucidated . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These regulators including leptin , insulin , and ghrelin , modulate the orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptide expression in hypothalamic nuclei . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Therefore , we conclude that the elevated plasma ghrelin levels , along with decreased plasma leptin levels , could contribute to the diabetic hyperphagia in part by increasing hypothalamic NPY . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To study possible interactions among ghrelin , glucose homeostasis , and the reproductive system , we investigated 10 obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( OB PCOS ) in comparison with 10 age and body mass index matched obese subjects ( OB ) . ^^^ Plasma ghrelin levels were lower in OB PCOS than in OB ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ A strong negative correlation between ghrelin and androstenedione levels was found in both populations at baseline ( OB PCOS : P < 0 . 01 ; OB : P < 0 . 001 ) and after therapy ( OB PCOS : P < 0 . 01 ; OB : P < 0 . 05 ) , whereas no correlation was found between ghrelin and other androgens . ^^^ However , a negative correlation between plasma ghrelin and all these markers was observed only in the OB PCOS group ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ Accordingly , a negative correlation between ghrelin variation and treatment induced changes of the glucose / insulin ratio , HOMA R , and HOMA ( OGTT ) was observed only in the OB PCOS group ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Theneurons expressing these neuropeptides interact with each other and with signals from the periphery ( such as leptin , insulin , ghrelin and glucocorticoids ) to regulate feeding behaviour , energy expenditure and various endocrine axes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A variety of receptors has been identified on vagal afferents , which can either enhance ( e . g . 5 HT 3 , CCK 1 , VR 1 and NK 1 receptors ) or reduce ( e . g . ghrelin , leptin , k opioid and GABAB receptors ) activity , offering a range of potential therapeutic targets . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Fasting plasma ghrelin levels are negatively correlated with insulin resistance and PAI 1 , but not with leptin , in obese children and adolescents . ^^^ Fasting plasma ghrelin levels were negatively correlated with BMI and waist circumference , but not with percent overweight or percent body fat , whereas fasting leptin levels were positively correlated with all of the following parameters : BMI , waist circumference , percent overweight , and percent body fat . ^^^ There was no correlation between plasma ghrelin and leptin , but ghrelin was negatively correlated with the PAI 1 concentrations . ^^^ The results suggest that the downregulation of ghrelin secretion may be a consequence of higher insulin resistance associated with visceral fat accumulation and elevated PAI 1 concentrations , and not a consequence of total body fat accumulation associated with elevated leptin concentrations . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Serum ghrelin levels in obese patients : the relationship to serum leptin levels and soluble leptin receptors levels . ^^^ The aim of the study was to characterize changes in serum ghrelin levels in obese subjects and their relationship to the serum levels of leptin and soluble leptin receptor . ^^^ The ghrelin serum levels ( 165 . 0+ / 58 . 1 vs . 343 . 37+ / 81 . 96 ; p < 0 . 001 ) and soluble leptin receptor serum levels ( 7 . 25+ / 3 . 44 vs . 21 . 80+ / 4 . 99 ; p < 0 . 0001 ) were significantly lower in obese patients . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Balance in ghrelin and leptin plasma levels in anorexia nervosa patients and constitutionally thin women . ^^^ The relationships between plasma ghrelin levels and other neuroendocrine and nutritional parameters , such as GH , leptin , T 3 , and cortisol , were also investigated . ^^^ Twenty four hour plasma ghrelin , GH , and cortisol levels determined every 4 h were significantly increased , whereas 24 h plasma leptin levels were decreased in AN patients compared with controls and constitutionally thin subjects . ^^^ Both plasma ghrelin and leptin levels returned to control values in AN patients after renutrition . ^^^ Constitutionally thin subjects displayed intermediate 24 h plasma ghrelin and leptin levels , significantly different from controls and AN patients , whereas GH and cortisol were not modified . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In non PWS subjects , ghrelin levels were inversely correlated with age ( r = 0 . 36 , P = 0 . 007 ) , insulin ( r = 0 . 55 , P < 0 . 001 ) , and BMI ( r = 0 . 62 , P < 0 . 001 ) , but not leptin . ^^^ However , children with PWS did demonstrate higher fasting ghrelin concentrations ( 3 to 4 fold elevation ) compared with all obese groups ( OC , MC 4 , OB ) ( mean + / SD ; 429 + / 374 vs . 139 + / 70 pmol / liter ; P < 0 . 001 ) . ^^^ In conclusion , ghrelin levels in children with PWS are significantly elevated ( 3 to 4 fold ) compared with BMI matched obese controls ( OC , MC 4 , OB ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both the weight of white adipose tissue and the plasma leptin concentration were reduced in tumor inoculated mice compared with vehicle treated mice ; these factors increased following ghrelin administration . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Rhythmic , reciprocal ghrelin and leptin signaling : new insight in the development of obesity . ^^^ Three major players identified recently in the feedback communication between the periphery and hypothalamus are leptin , ghrelin and neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) . ^^^ We propose that reciprocal circadian and ultradian rhythmicities in the afferent humoral signals , anorexigenic leptin from adipocytes and orexigenic ghrelin from stomach , encode a corresponding discharge pattern in the appetite stimulating neuropeptide Y network in the hypothalamus . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We assessed the effect of massive weight loss on plasma ghrelin concentrations and its correlation with serum leptin levels and the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( DM ) in severely obese patients . ^^^ Ghrelin and leptin were evaluated before silastic ring transected vertical gastric bypass , and again 12 months postoperatively . ^^^ Ghrelin was negatively correlated with leptin before gastric bypass surgery ( r = 0 . 51 , P < 0 . 01 ) . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Ghrelin was inversely related to leptin concentrations . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Roles of leptin and ghrelin in the loss of body weight caused by a low fat , high carbohydrate diet . ^^^ Loss of body fat by caloric restriction is accompanied by decreased circulating leptin levels , increased ghrelin levels , and increased appetite . ^^^ To clarify the effect of dietary fat restriction on leptin and ghrelin , we measured AUC for these hormones in human subjects after each of the following sequential diets : 2 wk on a weight maintaining 35 % fat ( F ) , 45 % carbohydrate ( C ) , 20 % protein ( P ) diet ( n = 18 ) ; 2 wk on an isocaloric 15 % F , 65 % C , 20 % P diet ( n = 18 ) ; and 12 wk on an ad libitum 15 % F , 65 % C , 20 % P diet ( n = 16 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma acylation stimulating protein , adiponectin , leptin , and ghrelin before and after weight loss induced by gastric bypass surgery in morbidly obese subjects . ^^^ We examined fasting plasma insulin , acylation stimulating protein ( ASP ) , leptin , adiponectin , ghrelin , and metabolic / cardiovascular risk profile before and 15 + / 6 months after isolated Roux en Y gastric bypass surgery in 50 morbidly obese subjects . ^^^ Average preoperative plasma lipids were mostly normal , whereas ASP , insulin , and leptin were elevated , and adiponectin and ghrelin were decreased . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The recently discovered hormone ghrelin , which is secreted from the stomach during fasting and hypoglycemia opposes the homeostatic functions of leptin by increasing food intake and decreasing energy expenditure . ^^^ The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus ( Arc ) mediates the effects of leptin and contains a high density of ghrelin receptors . ^^^ The leptin and ghrelin responsive network involves the hypothalamic neuropeptide Y / alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( NPY / alpha MSH ) system . ^^^ These results indicate that circulating ghrelin may oppose the actions of leptin by directly activating NPY neurons of the ArcM and by indirectly inhibiting POMC neurons of the ArcL . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| MATERIALS AND METHODS : Body weight , fat mass , glucose , insulin , and gene expression of leptin , adiponectin , and resistin in white adipose tissue ( WAT ) were measured after repeated administrations of ghrelin under a high fat diet . ^^^ Ghrelin elevated leptin mRNA expression and reduced resistin mRNA expression . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recent electrophysiological studies have shown that orexin neurons are regulated by metabolic cues , including leptin , glucose , and ghrelin , as well as monoamines and acetylcholin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Insulin dependent modulation of plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations is less pronounced in type 2 diabetic patients . ^^^ The gastric peptide ghrelin augments and the adipocyte derived hormone leptin reduces appetite and food intake . ^^^ In the central nervous system , insulin directly decreases hunger sensation but could also act indirectly by modulating ghrelin and leptin secretion . ^^^ This study examines dose dependent effects of insulin on plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations during hyperinsulinemic ( 1 , 2 , and 4 mU 10 kg ( 1 ) 10 min ( 1 ) ) euglycemic clamp tests in six nondiabetic ( control subjects ) and six type 2 diabetic patients . ^^^ Nondiabetic subjects were also studied during saline infusion , which did not affect ghrelin but decreased leptin by 19 + / 6 % ( P < 0 . 03 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both leptin and ghrelin are secreted from the peripheral tissue ; then they reach the brain to modulate sympathetic activity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Interestingly , ghrelin secretion at birth is not associated to body weight and hormonal parameters such as GH , insulin and leptin levels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The current study tested the hypothesis that increased plasma leptin prevents the potential increase in plasma ghrelin concentration during moderate caloric restriction in lean rats . ^^^ Plasma ghrelin was substantially higher in calorie restricted than control rats ( 2505 + / 132 pg / mL vs . 1790 + / 134 pg / mL , P < 0 . 01 ) , and leptin treatment ( 1625 + / 117 pg / mL ) completely prevented this change . ^^^ Plasma ghrelin concentration was negatively correlated with body weight changes in calorie restricted and control ( r = 0 . 75 , P < 0 . 01 ) but not in leptin treated rats ( P > 0 . 8 ) . ^^^ Satiety inducing effects of leptin include suppression of gastric orexigenic signals and disruption of a potential feedback mechanism between body weight changes and plasma ghrelin in lean adult rats . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : We determined the 24 hour plasma ghrelin profiles , body composition , insulin levels , leptin levels , and insulin sensitivity in 13 obese subjects before and after a six month dietary program for weight loss . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Activity of isolated orexin neurons is inhibited by glucose and leptin and stimulated by ghrelin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Weight reduction and maintenance is countered by a decrease in resting energy expenditure and in thermogenesis by food intake , a decreased energy expenditure through physical exercise , a reduced fat oxidation , a relative leptin deficiency and an excess of the gastrointestinal hormone ghrelin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Nutrient sensing serotonin neurons may project from the raphe nuclei in the brainstem to the hypothalamus ; within the arcuate nucleus , serotonin signals are integrated with others such as leptin , ghrelin , and peptide YY ( 3 36 ) from the gut , to produce a coordinated response to nutrient state . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Abnormalities of leptin and ghrelin regulation in obesity prone juvenile rats . ^^^ These altered DIO leptin and ghrelin responses were associated with 10 % lower leptin receptor mRNA expression in the arcuate ( ARC ) , dorsomedial ( DMN ) , and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei and 13 and 15 % lower ghrelin receptor ( GHS R ) mRNA expression in the ARC and DMN than in the DR rats . ^^^ These data suggest that increased ghrelin signaling is not a proximate cause of DIO , whereas reduced leptin sensitivity might play a causal role . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Additionally , we offer a model in which hormones such as leptin and ghrelin interact with similar central nervous system circuits and engage them in such a way as to maintain an appropriate and tight regulation of body weight and food intake . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Food intake control may be affected by polymorphisms in the genes encoding taste receptors and a number of peripheral signaling peptides such as insulin , leptin , ghrelin , cholecystokinin , and corresponding receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effect of RYGBP on ghrelin , insulin , adiponectin , and leptin levels was investigated in 66 obese subjects ; mean weight 127 kg ( range , 96 195 kg ) and mean body mass index ( BMI ) 45 kg / m ( 2 ) ( range , 33 64 ) before and after surgery . ^^^ Ghrelin increased by 44 % and 62 % and adiponectin by 36 % and 98 % , but insulin declined by 57 % and 62 % and leptin by 60 % and 64 % . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Leptin and ghrelin levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea : effect of CPAP treatment . ^^^ Serum leptin and ghrelin levels were investigated in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea ( OSA ) syndrome before and during continuous positive airways pressure ( CPAP ) treatment and compared with body mass index ( BMI ) matched controls without OSA . ^^^ Fasting leptin and ghrelin were measured at baseline and 2 days , and in the case of leptin 2 months after initiation of treatment . ^^^ These data indicate that the elevated leptin and ghrelin levels are not determined by obesity alone , since they rapidly decreased during continuous positive airways pressure therapy . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The plasma levels of PYY , ghrelin , leptin , and insulin were also determined . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , both adipose tissue weight and plasma leptin concentrations were increased after ghrelin administration in these rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Endocrine effects of food intake : insulin , ghrelin , and leptin responses to a single bolus of essential amino acids in humans . ^^^ BACKGROUND : This study deals with the physiological effects of an oral bolus of essential amino acids ( AA ) on the secretion of insulin , ghrelin and leptin in fasting humans . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In tissues of the periphery , two critical factors involved in feeding regulation , leptin and ghrelin , have been identified . ^^^ Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization experiments indicate that both leptin and ghrelin receptors are distributed in the hypothalamus and that there are reciprocal interactions between MCH and OX neurons in the LH . ^^^ Morphological and physiological studies on single living cells isolated from fresh rat hypothalamus or with receptor agonist and antagonist combined with immunohistochemisry clearly demonstrate that both leptin and OX reciprocally regulate NPY and POMC containing neurons in the ARC and that ghrelin may regulate feeding status independently through direct OX and NPY pathways . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This article was designed to review the contribution of vagal nerves and entero hormones , especially CCK and other enterohormones , involved in the control of appetitive behavior such as leptin and ghrelin and pancreatic polypeptide family ( peptide YY and neuropeptide Y ) . ^^^ Plasma ghrelin , that is considered as hunger hormone , increases under basal conditions , while plasma leptin falls to the lowest level . ^^^ Postprandial pancreatic secretion , classically divided into cephalic , gastric and intestinal phases , involves predominantly CCK , which under physiological conditions acts almost entirely by activation of vago vagal reflexes to stimulate the exocrine pancreas , being accompanied by the fall in plasma ghrelin and increase of plasma leptin , reflecting feeding behavior . ^^^ PP , PYY somatostatin , leptin and ghrelin that affect food intake appear to participate in the feedback control of postprandial pancreatic secretion via hypothalamic centers . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Fasting reduces plasma leptin and ghrelin immunoreactive peptide concentrations of the burbot ( Lota lota ) at 2 degrees C but not at 10 degrees C . ^^^ The effects of fasting at two water temperatures ( 2 and 10 degrees C ) on plasma leptin and ghrelin immunoreactive peptide concentrations and energy metabolism were investigated in the burbot ( Lota lota ) , a freshwater gadoid , which lives in cold waters and tolerates long periods of fasting . ^^^ Leptin and ghrelin immunoreactive peptides were identified in burbot plasma . ^^^ Fasting at 2 degrees C reduced the plasma leptin and ghrelin immunoreactive peptide concentrations and reduced the relative liver weights and the liver and muscle glycogen concentrations . ^^^ The concentrations of the leptin and ghrelin immunoreactivities correlated positively with each other . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Detection , analysis and interactions of plasma ghrelin , leptin and growth hormone in the mink ( Mustela vison ) . ^^^ Ghrelin , leptin , and growth hormone ( GH ) levels were validated and determined by radioimmunoassay methods from the plasma of 30 female and 30 male minks . ^^^ However , there was no correlation between the plasma ghrelin and GH or leptin concentrations . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin was also proposed to regulate leptin and insulin release and to be important for the normal function of stomach , heart , kidney , lung , testis , and placenta . ^^^ Our data show that ghrelin is not critically required for viability , fertility , growth , appetite , bone density , and fat deposition and not likely to be a direct regulator of leptin and insulin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Thus VGF , like cholecystokinin , leptin , ghrelin and other peptide hormones that have been shown to regulate feeding and energy expenditure , is synthesized in both the gut and the brain . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The response of insulin , human growth hormone ( hGH ) , cortisol , leptin and ghrelin , in addition to various metabolic parameters , was measured at 10 minute intervals following the oral ingestion of a standardised physiological dose of essential amino acids ( AA ) . ^^^ Changes in leptin levels remained insignificant in all three groups , whereas ghrelin showed a different profile in each of the three groups , i . e . a continuous rise towards the end of the study period ( P < 0 . 001 ) in the AA group , a less significant effect for the fasting group , and no effect at all in the iso caloric control group . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Finally , central and peripheral peptides participating in the control of food intake and energy expenditure ( neuropeptide Y , leptin , and ghrelin ) are also involved in the regulation of GH secretion . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Effects of growth hormone ( GH ) on ghrelin , leptin , and adiponectin in GH deficient patients . ^^^ We investigated the effect of GH on circulating levels of ghrelin in relation to its effects on glucose , insulin , body composition , and the adipocyte derived peptides leptin and adiponectin . ^^^ Ghrelin levels decreased in 30 of 36 subjects by a mean of 29 % , and leptin decreased by a mean of 24 % . ^^^ The decreases in ghrelin and leptin correlated with changes in fat mass , fat free mass , and IGF 1 . ^^^ It is likely that the reductions in ghrelin and leptin reflect the metabolic effects of GH on lipid mobilization and glucose production . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We studied the endocrine and metabolic response to acute ghrelin administration ( 1 . 0 microg / kg i . v . ) in nine obese women [ OB ; BMI ( mean + / SD ) 36 . 3 + / 2 . 3 kg / m ( 2 ) ] and seven normal women ( NW ; BMI 20 . 3 + / 1 . 7 kg / m ( 2 ) ) . ^^^ Basal ghrelin levels in NW were higher than in OB ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ In OB , ghrelin increased ( P < 0 . 01 ) GH , PRL , ACTH , and cortisol levels . ^^^ The GH response to ghrelin in OB was 55 % lower ( P < 0 . 02 ) than in NW , whereas the PRL , ACTH , and cortisol responses were similar . ^^^ In OB , ghrelin increased glucose and reduced insulin ( P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Circulating substances carrying signals connected to changes in body food homeostasis and energy balance ( leptin , ghrelin , insulin , glucose ) enter the hypothalamus mainly through the arcuate nucleus . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| They clearly support a role for ghrelin in the development of obesity in the absence of leptin signaling . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Many novel feeding regulated peptides such as orexins / hypocretins and ghrelin have been discovered since the discovery of leptin derived from adipocytes as a product of the ob gene . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Neuropeptide Y : a physiological orexigen modulated by the feedback action of ghrelin and leptin . ^^^ Recent studies show that intermittent , feedback action of opposing afferent hormonal signals leptin from adipose tissue and ghrelin from stomach regulate the episodic secretion of orexigenic NPY in the PVN ARC . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Thus , the review focuses on leptin , neuropeptide Y , melanocortin and ghrelin signalling at the level of the CNS , and strategies targeting the sympathetic innervation of fat cells at the periphery . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin was also negatively correlated to IGF 1 ( rs = 0 . 48 , P < 0 . 001 ) , IGFBP 3 ( rs = 0 . 32 , P < 0 . 001 ) and leptin ( rs = 0 . 22 , P = 0 . 02 ) but not IGF 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Others such as ghrelin initiate meals , and insulin and leptin , together with circulating nutrients , indicate long term energy stores . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Weight , BMI , oxytocin ( baseline only ) , leptin , Neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) , and ghrelin were evaluated at baseline and after 6 and 12 months . ^^^ No changes in mean BMI , ghrelin , leptin or NPY were seen following GH treatment . ^^^ GH treatment of PWS patients did not change ghrelin , leptin or NPY . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recently , peptides affecting appetite behavior and originating from the gut , such as leptin and ghrelin , or from the pancreas , such as pancreatic polypeptide and neuropeptide Y , appear to modulate the exocrine pancreas via hypothalamic centers . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Effects of season , food deprivation and re feeding on leptin , ghrelin and growth hormone in arctic foxes ( Alopex lagopus ) on Svalbard , Norway . ^^^ In this study , the plasma leptin , ghrelin and growth hormone ( GH ) concentrations of male arctic foxes were determined during a food deprivation period of 13 days and the subsequent recovery in November and May . ^^^ Leptin , ghrelin and GH were present in arctic fox plasma in amounts comparable to other carnivores . ^^^ The relatively high ghrelin leptin ratio , decrease in the plasma ghrelin concentration , an increase in the circulating GH concentrations and the observed negative correlation between plasma ghrelin and free fatty acid levels during fasting suggest that these hormones take part in the weight regulation and energy metabolism of this species by increasing fat utilisation during food deprivation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Weight , height , fat mass , fat free mass ( by impedentiometry ) , circulating ghrelin , insulin and leptin levels were evaluated in 10 obese subjects ( 3 male , 7 female ; mean age : 35 + / 9 . 3 yr ; body mass index BMI : 45 . 2 + / 10 . 6 kg / m2 ) before and after weight reduction . ^^^ At baseline , obese subjects showed significantly lower ghrelin levels than controls , which were negatively correlated with BMI , weight , insulin and leptin levels . ^^^ After a 3 week integrated BWR program obese subjects significantly reduced weight , BMI and leptin levels , while no significant changes were found both in fasting ghrelin and in ghrelin response after the meal . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin and leptin responses to food ingestion in bulimia nervosa : implications for binge eating and compensatory behaviours . ^^^ BACKGROUND : Ghrelin and leptin are endogenous peripheral proteins involved in the regulation of eating behaviour . ^^^ In particular , ghrelin stimulates hunger and promotes food ingestion , whereas leptin increases satiety and reduces food consumption . ^^^ In the present study , we investigated ghrelin and leptin responses to food ingestion in patients with bulimia nervosa . ^^^ Plasma levels of ghrelin , leptin , insulin and glucose were measured . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A critical interaction : leptin and ghrelin . ^^^ There appears to be a complex interaction among insulin , leptin , and ghrelin . ^^^ A new study explored these interactions and indicates that leptin may regulate ghrelin levels and affect body weight changes . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y / Y1 receptor pathway activated by a reduction in circulating leptin , but not by an increase in circulating ghrelin , contributes to hyperphagia associated with triiodothyronine induced thyrotoxicosis . ^^^ Plasma ghrelin and leptin levels reflect peripheral energy balance and regulate hypothalamic neuropeptides such as neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) , pro opiomelanocortin ( POMC ) , cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript ( CART ) , melanin concentrating hormone ( MCH ) , and orexins . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Leptin expression in hypothalamic PVN reverses dietary obesity and hyperinsulinemia but stimulates ghrelin . ^^^ RESULTS : rAAV lep , and not rAAV GFP , microinjection significantly reduced energy intake and enhanced energy expenditure , thereby resulting in normalization of weight and blood levels of leptin , insulin , free fatty acids , and glucose concomitant with enhanced ghrelin secretion during the extended period of observation . ^^^ DISCUSSION : Thus , we show , for the first time , that amelioration of leptin insufficiency with enhanced localized leptin availability in the PVN alone can reverse dietary obesity and the attendant hyperinsulinemia and concurrently block the central stimulatory effects of elevated endogenous ghrelin on food intake and adiposity . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NPY , leptin and ghrelin did not change during GH treatment . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The role of hormones involved in energy homeostasis , including ghrelin and leptin , in cardiovascular function remains incompletely understood . ^^^ Therefore , we sought to evaluate the association between systemic ghrelin and leptin levels with indexes of cardiovascular structure and function . ^^^ DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS : We measured serum ghrelin and leptin levels in 25 clinically healthy obese men and 25 lean controls , using commercially available immunoassays . ^^^ We then investigated the association between serum ghrelin and leptin levels with cardiac indexes , using univariate and multivariate analysis . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Serum ghrelin is associated with right ventricular cardiovascular indexes and serum leptin is associated with resting heart rate . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We therefore measured circulating ghrelin concentrations , leptin and body composition in subjects with GHD and healthy controls . ^^^ Plasma ghrelin , leptin , insulin , GH and IGF 1 were measured in the fasting state . ^^^ Ghrelin [ GHD vs . controls ; geometric mean ( 95 % CI ) ; 828 . 8 ( 95 % CI 639 . 9 1074 . 2 ) vs . 487 . 9 ( 95 % CI 297 . 2 800 . 2 ) pmol / l ] and leptin [ GHD vs . controls ; 13 . 2 ( 95 % CI 6 . 6 26 . 5 ) vs . 7 . 9 ( 95 % CI 3 . 7 16 . 9 ) ng / ml ] were similar in the two groups . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Leptin , ghrelin , and proinflammatory cytokines : compounds with nutritional impact in chronic kidney disease . ^^^ Recent evidence suggest that several large molecular weight molecules that often are elevated in uremia , such as leptin , ghrelin , and proinflammatory cytokines , may have nutritional impact in this patient group . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Is microvascular flow rate related to ghrelin , leptin and adiponectin levels . ^^^ Ghrelin , leptin and adiponectin are three hormones which are frequently associated with metabolism , obesity and appetite . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Body composition , nutritional status ( subjective global assessment ) , estimated protein intake ( nPNA ) , plasma ghrelin , plasma insulin and serum leptin were evaluated close to the start of dialysis treatment . ^^^ Basal plasma ghrelin levels correlated significantly with plasma insulin ( R = 0 . 32 ; P < 0 . 05 ) , body mass index ( R = 0 . 24 ; P < 0 . 05 ) , log serum leptin levels ( R = 0 . 23 ; P < 0 . 05 ) and truncal fat mass ( R = 0 . 25 ; P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Markedly elevated plasma ghrelin levels are found in advanced renal failure and correlate with fat mass , plasma insulin and serum leptin levels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The hypothalamus is a key regulator of food intake and energy balance , coordinating body adiposity and nutritional state in response to peripheral hormones , such as leptin , peptide YY ( 3 36 ) , and ghrelin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Upregulation of cardiac ghrelin mRNA in leptin deficient and leptin receptor deficient mice with viral myocarditis . ^^^ Expression of cardiac and gastric ghrelin messenger ( m ) RNA , together with heart and body weights , were measured in leptin deficient ( ob ) and leptin receptor deficient ( db ) mice with heart failure induced by viral myocarditis . ^^^ Significant elevations in cardiac ghrelin mRNA levels and heart weight were observed in ob and db mice 10 days after viral inoculation compared with baseline values . ^^^ Expression of gastric ghrelin mRNA was not upregulated in ob and db mice on day 10 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin ; insulin like growth factor ( IGF ) 1 ; IGF 2 ; IGF binding proteins 1 , 2 , and 3 ; insulin ; glucose ; and leptin levels were measured . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : Plasma ghrelin , leptin , and gastrin were measured for six hours after an overnight fast , before and after cure of H . pylori in 10 subjects . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We will examine the involvement of the central melanocortin system in the incorporation of information from the adipostatic hormone leptin and acute hunger and satiety factors such as peptide YY ( PYY ( 3 36 ) ) and ghrelin via a neuronal network involving POMC / cocaine and amphetamine related transcript ( CART ) and neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) / AgRP neurons . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| At each point circulating levels of ghrelin , leptin , IGF 1 , IGF binding protein ( IGFBP ) 1 , IGFBP 2 , IGFBP 3 , and glucose were determined . ^^^ A positive correlation between ghrelin and IGFBP 1 was found after insulin therapy , but no correlation with other members of the IGF system or leptin was found . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of melatonin , leptin , ghrelin and growth hormone ( GH ) in weight regulation and reproduction of the species . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Leptin and ghrelin are complementary , yet antagonistic , signals reflecting acute and chronic changes in energy balance , the effects of which are mediated by hypothalamic neuropeptides such as neuropeptide Y and agouti related peptide . ^^^ Endocrine and vagal afferent pathways are involved in these actions of ghrelin and leptin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In IUGR fetuses , GH and cortisol concentrations were higher and leptin levels lower than in AGA fetuses , although no significant correlation between these parameters and ghrelin levels was found . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma ghrelin , leptin , and insulin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay . ^^^ RESULTS : The mean plasma ghrelin level in subjects consuming breakfast was 548 . 7 + / 239 . 6 fmol / ml before breakfast and 384 . 8 + / 168 . 7 fmol / ml 1 h after breakfast , with leptin levels of 6 . 8 + / 2 . 6 and 6 . 5 + / 2 . 5 ng / ml , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Peripheral adiposity signals , mainly leptin and ghrelin , communicate the status of energy stores in the body to the hypothalamus , which in turn coordinates adaptive responses to energy imbalances via reciprocal alterations in appetite and energy expenditure . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin / Leptin imbalance in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis . ^^^ BACKGROUND : The recently discovered peptide hormone ghrelin mainly produced in gastric oxyntic cells may act as a counterpart to leptin in the regulation of food intake and fat utilization . ^^^ In the present study , we evaluated serum ghrelin and bound leptin levels in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis ( PBC ) in relation to C peptide and glucose concentration . ^^^ METHODS : In 22 female patients with PBC ( Child Pugh stage A ) and in 36 female controls we measured serum ghrelin , bound leptin , and C peptide levels using specific immunoassays . ^^^ RESULTS : In comparison to controls serum bound leptin levels were significantly higher in patients with PBC ( p < 0 . 01 ) whereas serum ghrelin levels were decreased compared to the control group ( p < 0 . 01 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Insulin , leptin and ghrelin are key hormonal regulators of food intake . ^^^ Ghrelin enhances appetite while leptin is a satiety signal . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , in contrast to suggestions that ghrelin regulates leptin and insulin secretion , fasting induced changes in serum levels of leptin and insulin are identical in wild type and null mice . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Body weight and composition , resting energy expenditure , respiratory quotient , fasting and postprandial appetite scores , and fasting and postprandial serum leptin and total ghrelin were determined before and after dietary intervention . ^^^ Although leptin was a significant correlate of appetite before and after the intervention , no such associations were noted for total ghrelin . ^^^ Fasting and postprandial total ghrelin levels remain unchanged after short term energy restriction despite a significant fall in leptin . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES : Serum leptin and ghrelin concentrations were measured in a group of obese patients before biliopancreatic diversion ( BPD ) and 2 and 12 months postoperatively . ^^^ RESULTS : A sharp drop was observed in body weight , in BMI values , in HOMA IR data , and in serum leptin concentration at 2 and 12 months after BPD , whereas a significant increase of serum ghrelin level was observed at 12 months , when food intake had returned to preoperative levels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Effects of insulin , leptin , and glucagon on ghrelin secretion from isolated perfused rat stomach . ^^^ Here , we examined the direct effects of insulin , leptin , and glucagon on the release of ghrelin from the isolated rat stomach . ^^^ Insulin and leptin inhibited ghrelin secretion dose dependently ( total amount of ghrelin release : insulin at 1 nM , 73 . 5+ / 7 . 3 % of the control infusion ; leptin at 1 nM , 81 . 8+ / 2 . 5 % of the control infusion ; n=5 , P < 0 . 05 ) , while glucagon increased it dose dependently ( total amount of ghrelin released at 10 nM was 143 . 9+ / 19 . 3 % of the control infusion ; n=5 , P < 0 . 01 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| After a presentation of the main experimental approaches in this respect , the most relevant signals sent by peripheral organs to the central nervous system are presented : Glucose , triglycerides ; from adipocytes : Leptin ; from pancreas : Insulin , pancreatic polypeptide , amylin , enterostatin ; from digestive tract : Ghrelin , cholecystokinin , peptide Y Y 3 36 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In all subjects , serum ApN , leptin and ghrelin levels , BMI , waist circumference , insulin resistance ( assessed by homeostasis model assessment and the quantitative insulin check index ) , lipid profile and blood pressure values were evaluated . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The role of different peptides , including ghrelin , leptin , neuropeptide Y and serotonin , in the regulation of appetite is discussed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These shifts occur in close relation to circulating levels of the hormones , leptin , insulin , ghrelin and corticosterone , and also the nutrients , glucose and lipids . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we measured the ghrelin , leptin , and insulin variations in lean and obese Zucker fa / fa rats during the acute phase of body weight gain . ^^^ The inverse correlations existing between ghrelin and either body weight ( BW ) , insulin or leptin at 2 months of age were no more observable in 6 month old rats . ^^^ In these body weight matched rats , ghrelin was not correlated with BW but it remained negatively correlated with insulin and leptin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Animals received PYY ( 3 36 ) ( 0 . 02 micromol / kg ) , NDP alpha MSH ( 0 . 2 micromol / kg ) , leptin ( 2 micromol / kg ) ( all 24 h fasted state ) and ghrelin ( 0 . 2 micromol / kg ) ( fed state ) by intraperitoneal ( i . p . ) injection . ^^^ Plasma leptin , ghrelin and PYY like immunoreactivity ( IR ) were measured using radioimmunoassay ( RIA ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Leptin modulates orexigenic effects of ghrelin and attenuates adiponectin and insulin levels and selectively the dark phase feeding as revealed by central leptin gene therapy . ^^^ The paradigm of selectively increasing leptin transgene expression with a single intracerebroventricular injection of adeno associated viral vectors encoding leptin ( rAAV lep ) or green fluorescent protein ( control ) in the hypothalamus of mutant leptin deficient ob / ob and wild type ( wt ) mice was employed in these experiments . rAAV lep injection increased hypothalamic leptin expression in the complete absence of peripheral leptin in ob / ob mice ; suppressed body weight and adiposity ; voluntarily decreased dark phase food intake ; suppressed plasma levels of adiponectin , TNFalpha , free fatty acids and insulin , concomitant with normoglycemia ; and elevated ghrelin levels for extended period . ^^^ Leptin administration rapidly decreased plasma gastric ghrelin and adipocyte adiponectin but not TNFalpha levels , thereby demonstrating a peripheral restraining action of leptin on the secretion of hormones of varied origins . ^^^ Thus , leptin expressed locally in the hypothalamus counteracted the central orexigenic effects of peripheral ghrelin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Three currently available biomarkers for satiety are decreases in blood glucose in the short term ( < 5 min ) , which have been shown to be involved in meal initiation ; leptin changes during longer term ( > 2 4 d ) negative energy balance ; and ghrelin concentrations , which have been implicated in both short term and long term energy balance . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Dietary fructose reduces circulating insulin and leptin , attenuates postprandial suppression of ghrelin , and increases triglycerides in women . ^^^ Because insulin and leptin , and possibly ghrelin , function as key signals to the central nervous system in the long term regulation of energy balance , decreases of circulating insulin and leptin and increased ghrelin concentrations , as demonstrated in this study , could lead to increased caloric intake and ultimately contribute to weight gain and obesity during chronic consumption of diets high in fructose . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Adipogenic and orexigenic effects of the ghrelin receptor ligand tabimorelin are diminished in leptin signalling deficient ZDF rats . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : The aim was to investigate the possible interactions of the two peripheral hormones , leptin and ghrelin , that regulate the energy balance in opposite directions . ^^^ METHODS : Leptin receptor mutated Zucker diabetic fatty ( ZDF ) and lean control rats were treated with the ghrelin receptor ligand , tabimorelin ( 50 mg / kg p . o . ) for 18 days , and the effects on body weight , food intake and body composition were investigated . ^^^ In conclusion , we suggest that ghrelin receptor ligands exert their adipogenic and orexigenic effects via hypothalamic mechanisms that are dependent on intact leptin receptor signalling . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Resistin , adiponectin , ghrelin , leptin , and proinflammatory cytokines : relationships in obesity . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : To evaluate interactions among leptin , adiponectin , resistin , ghrelin , and proinflammatory cytokines [ tumor necrosis factor receptors ( TNFRs ) , interleukin 6 ( IL 6 ) ] in nonmorbid and morbid obesity . ^^^ IL 6 , leptin , adiponectin , and resistin were increased and ghrelin was decreased in morbidly obese compared with nonmorbidly obese subjects . ^^^ Plasma lipids , insulin resistance , leptin , sTNFR 1 , and IL 6 decreased and adiponectin and ghrelin increased significantly . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin inhibits leptin and activation induced proinflammatory cytokine expression by human monocytes and T cells . ^^^ Ghrelin led to a dose dependent inhibition of leptin induced cytokine expression , while leptin upregulated GHS R expression on human T lymphocytes . ^^^ These data suggest the existence of a reciprocal regulatory network by which ghrelin and leptin control immune cell activation and inflammation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Endocrine controls of eating : CCK , leptin , and ghrelin . ^^^ This review introduces the endocrine control of eating by considering three hormonal signals that have been hypothesized to control hunger or satiation , cholecystokinin CCK , leptin , and ghrelin . ^^^ In contrast , support for endocrine actions of leptin in satiation and of ghrelin in hunger is incomplete , and areas urgently requiring further research are identified . ^^^ Just three hormones , CCK , leptin , and ghrelin , are considered . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , we measured various appetitive hormones ( insulin , leptin , glucagon , CCK , ghrelin ) and glucose before a fixed meal and for 120 min afterwards . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Seventeen subjects ( Group A , 12 men , five women ) were evaluated at baseline and after 1 year rhGH therapy ( dose mean + / SD : 0 . 3 + / 0 . 1 mg / day ) with the assessment of serum IGF 1 , ghrelin , ApN , leptin , insulin and glucose levels , percentage of body fat ( BF % ) , HOMA IR and QUICKI . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recent research has begun to unravel some of the more complicated physiological processes of appetite control and regulation generated by hormones such as leptin , ghrelin , and the gut hormone peptide YY 3 35 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Relatively low abundance proteins such as leptin and ghrelin and peptides such as bradykinin , all invisible to two dimensional gel technology , were clearly identified . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBSERVATION PROCEDURE : Fasting plasma ghrelin , leptin , and insulin levels were assessed between 8 am and 10 am . ^^^ RESULTS : Fasting plasma ghrelin levels negatively correlated with body mass index in both IIH subjects ( r = . 48 ) and controls ; leptin showed a positive correlation with body mass index in both IIH ( r = . 59 ) and controls . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Weight reduction after gastric bypass surgery has been attributed to a decrease of the orexigenic peptide ghrelin , which may be regulated by insulin and leptin . ^^^ This study examined effects of long term weight loss after laparoscopical adjustable gastric banding on plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations and their relationship with insulin action . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These include the 5 HT ( 2C ) , pro opiomelanocortin , leptin , ghrelin , tumor necrosis factor alpha , adiponectin , dopamine D ( 2 ) receptor , histamine H ( 1 ) receptor , and alpha ( 1 ) , beta ( 2 ) and beta ( 3 ) adrenergic receptor genes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism : review of pathobiochemical and clinical chemical aspects of leptin , ghrelin , adiponectin , and resistin . ^^^ Leptin , ghrelin , adiponectin , and resistin are considered to take part in the regulation of energy metabolism . ^^^ APPROACH : This review summarizes recent knowledge on leptin and its receptor and on ghrelin , adiponectin , and resistin , and emphasizes their roles in pathobiochemistry and clinical chemistry . ^^^ SUMMARY : The functional roles , structures , synthesis , analytical aspects , and clinical significance of leptin , ghrelin , adiponectin , and resistin are summarized . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Chronic central administration of ghrelin reverses the effects of leptin . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : To determine whether chronic central administration of ghrelin can block the effects of leptin on food intake , adiposity , and plasma concentrations of metabolic parameters and hormones . ^^^ DESIGN : Intracerebroventricular ( ICV ) infusions of leptin ( 5 microg / day ) for 7 days , with or without ghrelin ( 1 . 2 microg / day ) , in rats . ^^^ Rats administered leptin plus ghrelin were divided into ad lib fed and food restricted groups . ^^^ Following killing on day 8 , epididymal fat weight and fasting plasma concentrations of glucose , insulin , leptin , ghrelin , IGF 1 , and adiponectin were determined . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We have studied the inhibitory effect of the intake of two different macronutrients ( fat and carbohydrates ) on ghrelin production by the stomach in fasted rats , as well as the relation with another important signal in the regulation of energy balance , leptin . ^^^ Ghrelin mRNA expression in the gastric mucosa was determined by Northern blotting , and leptin mRNA expression was determined by Northern blotting in the adipose tissue and by RT PCR in the stomach ; circulating and gastric concentrations of ghrelin and leptin were measured by enzyme immunosorbent assay and ELISA , respectively . ^^^ The decrease in ghrelin expression by feeding was associated with an increased expression of gastric leptin only when animals ate carbohydrates . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression and secretion of these neuromolecules are known to be affected by the anabolic ( corticosteroids and ghrelin ) and catabolic ( leptin , insulin , and glucagon like peptide 1 ) peripheral hormones . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although a number of afferent hormonal signals from the periphery can directly modulate NPYergic signaling , the reciprocal circadian and ultradian rhythmicities of anorexigenic leptin from adipocytes and orexigenic ghrelin from stomach , encode a corresponding pattern of NPY discharge for daily meal patterning . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin concentrations also decreased during leptin administration ( 284 . 3 + / 127 . 9 to 140 . 6 + / 104 . 5 pmol / liter ; P < 0 . 002 ) . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Two hours after consuming a test meal of identical content , blood samples were drawn to assess postprandial ghrelin , leptin , and norepinephrine ; resting cardiovascular function was measured ; and a 24 h urinary cortisol sample was obtained . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin is synthesized principally in the stomach , and the concentration of circulating ghrelin is negatively correlated with leptin and body fat mass . ^^^ The concentrations of circulating ghrelin , leptin , glucose and lipid metabolic parameters were measured . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Although , the leptin level and body fat percentage were significantly increased , the concentration of circulating ghrelin was also significantly increased . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Lower ghrelin levels have been related to slower growth in small for gestational age infants , and infants with higher cord leptin levels have been reported to gain weight more slowly from birth to 2 yr . ^^^ This study investigated whether cord blood ghrelin and leptin levels are related to weight gain up to 12 wk of age . ^^^ One hundred infants were weighed at birth and at 12 wk , and cord blood was assayed for ghrelin and leptin . ^^^ The mean ( + / sd ) leptin level was 10 . 1 ( 6 . 7 ) ng / ml ( median , 8 . 4 ; range , 1 . 6 36 . 7 ng / ml ) , and that of ghrelin was 760 . 9 ( 282 . 9 ) pg / ml ( median , 770 ; range , 210 1670 pg / ml ) . ^^^ Leptin was correlated with birth weight , but ghrelin was not , and leptin and ghrelin levels were not significantly correlated with one another . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Maternal FR during pregnancy resulted in IUGR pups ( 6 . 0 + / 0 . 3 vs . 7 . 1 + / 0 . 3 g , P < 0 . 01 ) with decreased leptin ( 0 . 66 + / 0 . 03 vs . 1 . 63 + / 0 . 12 ng / ml , P < 0 . 001 ) and increased ghrelin ( 0 . 43 + / 0 . 03 vs . 0 . 26 + / 0 . 02 ng / ml , P < 0 . 001 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin , leptin and insulin levels after restrictive surgery : a 2 year follow up study . ^^^ Plasma ghrelin , leptin and insulin levels were evaluated preoperatively and 1 year and 2 years postoperatively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , a recent study states that the ghrelin knockout ( KO ) mouse is not anorectic dwarf and this evidence clearly depicts a remarkable difference from the leptin KO mouse . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The signalling network underlying hunger , satiety and metabolic status includes the hormonal signals leptin and insulin from energy stores , and cholecystokinin , glucagon like peptide 1 , ghrelin and peptide YY 3 36 from the gastrointestinal tract , as well as neuronal influences via the vagus nerve from the digestive tract . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Potentially distinguishing phenotypes between groups measured included serum lipids , ghrelin , leptin , adiponectin , body composition and body fat distribution , resting and physical activity energy expenditure , peak oxygen uptake , dietary intake , dietary behavior , and family history and lifestyle variables . ^^^ Plasma cholesterol level was higher in MONW women , whereas no differences were noted for other blood lipids , ghrelin , leptin , adiponectin , and resting energy expenditure . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Rhythms of ghrelin , leptin , and sleep in rats : effects of the normal diurnal cycle , restricted feeding , and sleep deprivation . ^^^ To determine the relationships among plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations and hypothalamic ghrelin contents , and sleep , cortical brain temperature ( Tcrt ) , and feeding , we determined these parameters in rats in three experimental conditions : in free feeding rats with normal diurnal rhythms , in rats with feeding restricted to the 12 h light period ( RF ) , and in rats subjected to 5 h of sleep deprivation ( SD ) at the beginning of the light cycle . ^^^ Plasma ghrelin and leptin displayed diurnal rhythms with the ghrelin peak preceding and the leptin peak following the major daily feeding peak in hour 1 after dark onset . ^^^ SD failed to change leptin concentrations , but it promptly stimulated plasma ghrelin and induced eating . ^^^ SD increased plasma corticosterone , but corticosterone did not seem to influence either leptin or ghrelin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Eating and sleeping their relationship to ghrelin and leptin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Circulating and cerebrospinal fluid ghrelin and leptin : potential role in altered body weight in Huntington ' s disease . ^^^ The recently discovered orexigenic hormone of gastric origin , ghrelin and the adipocyte hormone leptin , are two peripherally produced hormones exerting opposite effects on specific populations of hypothalamic neurons that play a key role in regulating energy intake and energy output . ^^^ The aim of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) and circulating ghrelin and leptin in the regulation of energy balance in patients with HD . ^^^ Blood samples for hormonal measurements were obtained by venipuncture and in parallel CSF samples for leptin / ghrelin determination were obtained by lumbar puncture . ^^^ The concentrations of CSF ghrelin and CSF leptin were equivalent to values in healthy subjects . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This study aimed to investigate 1 ) the effect of maternal diabetes mellitus on ghrelin , resistin , leptin , and insulin in term newborns ; 2 ) the interrelationship of these metabolic hormones in the early postnatal period ; and 3 ) the association of the hormones with anthropometric parameters at birth . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| On the basis of its proposed role as indicator of energy insufficiency and the proven reproductive effects of other regulators of energy homeostasis and growth ( such as the adipocyte derived hormone leptin ) , it is tempting to hypothesize that ghrelin might play a role in the control of reproductive function and fertility . ^^^ Overall , it is proposed that ghrelin may cooperate with other regulatory signals , such as leptin , in the integrated control of energy balance and reproduction . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Arthritis induced an increase in serum ghrelin ( P < 0 . 01 ) and a decrease in serum concentrations of leptin ( P < 0 . 01 ) , whereas GHRP 2 administration increased serum concentrations of leptin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| As well as acting at the level of the individual cell , the system also regulates food intake and energy expenditure at the whole body level , in particular by mediating the effects of hormones and cytokines such as leptin , adiponectin and ghrelin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| AIMS : Ghrelin is a peptide hormone that antagonizes the action of leptin and is thereby thought to regulate feeding behaviour . ^^^ The actions of ghrelin and leptin appear to be mediated by the neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) and Agouti related protein ( AGRP ) system . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| No association between ghrelin and GH , IGF 1 , insulin , glucose and leptin levels were found . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Without significant differences in BMI , body fat , glucose , triglycerides , cholesterol , insulin and leptin levels , patients who had undergone the RYGBP exhibited statistically significant diminished circulating fasting plasma ghrelin concentrations compared with the other two bariatric techniques which conserve direct contact of the fundus with ingested food ( P=0 . 003 vs AGB and P=0 . 020 vs BPD ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| They support a role for ghrelin in the development of obesity in the absence of leptin signaling . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin also significantly stimulated both cortisol and GH release , but had no effect on leptin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The brain receives various signals that carry information about nutritional and metabolic status including neuropeptide PYY ( 3 36 ) , ghrelin , cholecystokinin , leptin , glucose and insulin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Leptin is derived from adipocytes and appears to play a role in the regulation of ghrelin , a peptide derived from the stomach and small intestine that stimulates appetite and weight gain . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Overall , our data document the complex mode of action of the gut derived anorexigenic signal PYY ( 3 36 ) at the hypothalamic pituitary unit in the control of gonadotropin secretion and evidence that , as is the case for other peripheral factors with key roles in energy balance ( as leptin and ghrelin ) , PYY ( 3 36 ) might play a role in the neuroendocrine modulation of the reproductive axis . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We analyzed plasma ghrelin levels and their correlation with plasma levels of leptin , insulin , insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) , insulin like growth factor binding protein 1 ( IGFBP 1 ) , insulin like growth factor binding protein 2 ( IGFBP 2 ) , insulin like growth factor binding protein 3 ( IGFBP 3 ) , and integrated concentration of growth hormone ( ICGH ) before and after dietary intervention . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Brief communication : Sleep curtailment in healthy young men is associated with decreased leptin levels , elevated ghrelin levels , and increased hunger and appetite . ^^^ MEASUREMENTS : Daytime profiles of plasma leptin and ghrelin levels and subjective ratings of hunger and appetite . ^^^ RESULTS : Sleep restriction was associated with average reductions in the anorexigenic hormone leptin ( decrease , 18 % ; P = 0 . 04 ) , elevations in the orexigenic factor ghrelin ( increase , 28 % ; P < 0 . 04 ) , and increased hunger ( increase , 24 % ; P < 0 . 01 ) and appetite ( increase , 23 % ; P = 0 . 01 ) , especially for calorie dense foods with high carbohydrate content ( increase , 33 % to 45 % ; P = 0 . 02 ) . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Short sleep duration in young , healthy men is associated with decreased leptin levels , increased ghrelin levels , and increased hunger and appetite . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin is generally regarded as having opposing effects on appetite and body weight with respect to those exhibited by leptin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| At baseline , 3 months , and 12 months , we measured body weight and composition , food intake , cardiopulmonary fitness ( maximal oxygen consumption ) , leptin , insulin , and ghrelin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Blood glucose , plasma insulin , ghrelin , and leptin levels were measured . ^^^ Glucose , insulin , ghrelin , and leptin levels did not alter between optimal and reduced restriction . ^^^ LAGB subjects displayed higher ghrelin ( +12 % , P = 0 . 13 ) and lower glucose ( 17 % , P = 0 . 018 ) , insulin ( 33 % , P = 0 . 016 ) , and leptin ( 32 % , P = 0 . 05 ) 4 h area under the curve levels than controls . ^^^ Plasma insulin , leptin , and ghrelin appeared unrelated to the satiety effect and displayed orexigenic compensatory changes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In all subjects we assessed plasma levels of ghrelin , leptin , soluble leptin receptor , insulin , IGF 1 , IGFBP 1 , IGFBP 3 and IGFBP 6 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Several neuropeptides affect the sleep wake cycle , for example , vasoactive intestinal polypeptide , cholecystokinin octapeptide , orexin , somatostatin , insulin , leptin , ghrelin , neuropeptide Y and cortistatin , which regulate food ingestion . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Circannual leptin and ghrelin levels of the blue fox ( Alopex lagopus ) in reference to seasonal rhythms of body mass , adiposity , and food intake . ^^^ The aim of the study was to investigate the circannual rhythms of leptin and ghrelin in the blue fox , a variant of the endangered arctic fox , in relation to its seasonal cycles of body mass , adiposity and food intake . ^^^ Exogenous melatonin advanced the seasonal changes in the food intake of the blue fox but did not affect the seasonal rhythms of leptin and ghrelin concentrations . ^^^ The leptin concentrations did not respond to the 3 week fasting periods in a consistent way , but the ghrelin levels increased due to food deprivation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Electrophysiological studies have shown that orexin neurons are regulated by humoral factors , including leptin , glucose , and ghrelin as well as monoamines and acetylcholin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These systems play a critical role in receiving and processing critical peripheral metabolic cues such as leptin and ghrelin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , according to a recent study , ghrelin null mice are neither anorectics nor dwarfs and this evidence clearly depicts a remarkable difference from leptin null mice . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin , elevated ghrelin , and increased body mass index . ^^^ Following polysomnography , morning , fasted blood samples were evaluated for serum leptin and ghrelin ( two key opposing hormones in appetite regulation ) , adiponectin , insulin , glucose , and lipid profile . ^^^ Short sleep was associated with low leptin ( p for slope = 0 . 01 ) , with a predicted 15 . 5 % lower leptin for habitual sleep of 5 h versus 8 h , and high ghrelin ( p for slope = 0 . 008 ) , with a predicted 14 . 9 % higher ghrelin for nocturnal ( polysomnographic ) sleep of 5 h versus 8 h , independent of BMI . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Participants with short sleep had reduced leptin and elevated ghrelin . ^^^ These differences in leptin and ghrelin are likely to increase appetite , possibly explaining the increased BMI observed with short sleep duration . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These lesions impaired responses to intracerebroventricular ( icv ) leptin ( 5 microg / 5 microl 10 d ) and ghrelin ( 2 microg / 5 microl ) , which are thought to alter feeding primarily by actions on ARC NPY / AGRP and proopiomelanocortin / cocaine and amphetamine related transcript neurons . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Wistar rats ate more , were significantly bigger , and presented with higher plasma leptin and lower ghrelin levels and hypothalamic growth hormone releasing hormone ( GHRH ) content than rats from the three other strains . ^^^ Plasma ghrelin levels were negatively correlated with leptin and IGF 1 levels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The aim of this study was to study the effect of 4 infusion of OXA on gastric emptying , appetite , leptin , ghrelin , and glucose metabolism in man ( six normal men ) and the localization of OXA and orexin receptors ( OXRs ) 1 and 2 in the human gut . ^^^ Plasma concentrations of insulin were increased by OXA , whereas plasma leptin decreased and ghrelin was unchanged . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Since modifications in the growth hormone / insulin like growth factor 1 ( GH / IGF 1 ) axis and / or caloric restriction are involved in the ageing process , GH secretory profiles , total IGF 1 , ghrelin , and leptin plasma levels and expression of genes implicated in somatotrope axis and food intake regulation in hypothalamus and pituitary were compared in 3 , 12 , and 24 month old male Lou C / Jall rats and their parent strain , the Wistar rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin stimulates appetite , imagination of food , GH , ACTH , and cortisol , but does not affect leptin in normal controls . ^^^ In rodents , ghrelin exerts distinct orexigenic action , probably as counterpart of the anorexigenic leptin . ^^^ Furthermore , ghrelin stimulated an immediate increase in plasma levels of GH ( area under the curve , mean+ / SEM 35+ / 16 ng / ml 10 min after placebo [ P ] to 2808+ / 533 ng / ml 10 min after ghrelin [ G ] ; p < 0 . 001 ) , cortisol ( 5908+ / 984 ng / ml 10 min [ P ] to 10179+ / 1293 ng / ml 10 min [ G ] ; p < 0 . 001 ) , and ACTH ( 922+ / 103 pg / ml 10 min [ P ] to 3030+ / 763 pg / ml 10 min [ G ] ; p < 0 . 02 ) , whereas leptin levels remained unchanged . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Leptin , adiponectin , and ghrelin dysregulation in chronic kidney disease . ^^^ In the past 10 years , 3 new metabolic compounds , leptin , adiponectin , and ghrelin , involved in energy metabolism , body composition , and appetite regulation , have been discovered . ^^^ Thus , ghrelin and leptin , 2 antagonist signals for energy balance , both seem to increase when glomerular filtration rate is reduced , potentially neutralizing their respective biologic effects in severe renal insufficiency . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin concentrations were highest in AN subjects and lowest in the OB group , compared with C subjects and fell significantly by 25 % in all three groups . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , the first order neurons of this system are located outside the blood brain barrier and can therefore sense the circulating levels of cytokines , as well as long term satiety hormones such as leptin and insulin and short term satiety hormones such as ghrelin and peptide ( P ) YY . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Leptin and ghrelin : what is the impact on pituitary function . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the hypothalamus , AMPK is inhibited by leptin and insulin , hormones which suppress feeding , whilst ghrelin , a hormone that increases food intake , activates AMPK . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : To determine effects of obesity and diet in dogs on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations by assaying plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations and determining total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations as well as the concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides in various lipoprotein classes ( ie , very low density , low density , and high density lipoproteins ) . ^^^ PROCEDURES : Total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations ; lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations ; and plasma ghrelin , leptin , free fatty acids , insulin , and glucose concentrations were measured and compared between lean and obese dogs , both of which were fed a complete and balanced maintenance diet . ^^^ RESULTS : Chronic obesity resulted in a significant decrease in plasma ghrelin concentration and a significant increase in plasma leptin , cholesterol , and triglyceride concentrations in dogs . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE : Correlations exist between obesity and plasma measurements ( ie , lipoproteins , leptin , insulin , and ghrelin ) commonly associated with obesity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : We examined the effects of both amount and type of carbohydrate on ghrelin concentrations and all correlations among the variables ghrelin , glucose , insulin , leptin , and all 4 subjective measures of appetite . ^^^ Subjective measures of appetite and concentrations of ghrelin , glucose , insulin , and leptin were frequently assessed for 4 h after liquid breakfast meals differing in energy content and carbohydrate structure ie , water , low calorie ( LC ) meal , high calorie simple carbohydrate ( HC SC ) meal , and high calorie complex carbohydrate ( HC CC ) meal . ^^^ The percentage decrease in ghrelin between 0 and 30 min was inversely correlated with the percentage increases in insulin ( r= 0 . 76 ) and glucose ( r= 0 . 79 ) but not with changes in leptin ( r=0 . 10 ) . ^^^ The percentage changes in ghrelin concentrations between 30 and 180 min were correlated with the percentage changes in insulin ( r= 0 . 53 ) and leptin ( r= 0 . 47 ) but not with changes in glucose ( r=0 . 22 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin is an important regulatory part of the homeostasis of the organism , and iterconnects neuroendocrine and metabolic response of the organism to starvation , and it is considered as a counterpart to leptin . ^^^ Plasma levels of ghrelin in humans correlate negatively with body mass index , amount of body fat , size of adipocytes , and plasma levels of insulin , glucose , and leptin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The influence of fasting and winter acclimatization ( cold and short day acclimatization ) on mouse plasma leptin , ghrelin , growth hormone ( GH ) and melatonin concentrations was determined from blood samples taken at mid day and midnight . ^^^ A 16 h fast decreased the plasma leptin but almost doubled the plasma ghrelin concentrations which contribute to energy saving , appetite stimulation and , in the case of leptin , to inhibition of reproduction . ^^^ Winter acclimatization did not affect plasma ghrelin concentrations , whereas leptin decreased to the same level as in fasting . ^^^ Fasting and winter acclimatization seemed to abolish the diurnal leptin rhythm , but had no effect on that of ghrelin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A comparison of leptin and ghrelin levels in plasma and saliva of young healthy subjects . ^^^ Leptin and ghrelin are synthesized in several tissues including the salivary glands . ^^^ The action of ghrelin is antagonistic to that of leptin . ^^^ This study was undertaken to measure and compare the saliva ghrelin leptin and plasma ghrelin leptin levels in healthy young subjects . ^^^ In 30 healthy subjects , after an overnight fast , saliva and plasma leptin levels were measured using the ELISA method while saliva and plasma immunoreactive ghrelin levels were measured using a commercial radioimmunoassay ( RIA ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin parameters were inversely associated with fasting insulin , homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMA IR ) , leptin , and IGF 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| MEASUREMENTS : Body weight , water , and composition ; energy intake and expenditure ; diet satisfaction ; hemoglobin A1c ; insulin sensitivity ; 24 hour urinary ketone excretion ; and plasma profiles of glucose , insulin , leptin , and ghrelin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : We have analyzed fasting serum ghrelin levels , weighed dietary record and , as biochemical markers of clinically relevant reduction of overweight , leptin , adiponectin and insulin levels and insulin resistance measured by homeostasis model assessment ( HOMA ) at baseline and after a 1 y outpatient weight reduction program based on a high carbohydrate and low fat diet in 37 obese children ( median age 10 y ) . ^^^ The substantial reduction of overweight in 16 children ( median SDS BMI = 0 . 7 ) was associated with significant changes in insulin resistance ( median decrease of HOMA 27 % ; P = 0 . 013 ) , insulin ( median decrease 25 % , P = 0 . 036 ) , adiponectin ( median increase 15 % ; P = 0 . 003 ) , and leptin levels ( median decrease 19 % ; P = 0 . 023 ) , while there were no significant changes in ghrelin levels ( median increase 4 % ; P = 0 . 326 ) . ^^^ In the 21 children without substantial reduction of overweight ( median SDS BMI = 0 . 3 ) , there were no significant changes in insulin resistance and in insulin , adiponectin , leptin and ghrelin levels . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : We conclude that in obese children , low fat high carbohydrate diet induced weight loss does not change ghrelin secretion , but significantly decreases leptin levels , increases adiponectin levels and improves insulin resistance determined by significantly decreased insulin resistance indices as well as lowered serum insulin levels . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We also highlight evidence indicating that ghrelin satisfies recognized criteria to be viewed as a participant in long term body weight regulation a potential anabolic counterpart to the traditional adiposity hormones , leptin and insulin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Direct effect of leptin on gastric ghrelin secretion . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Differential effects of methamphetamine on expression of neuropeptide Y mRNA in hypothalamus and on serum leptin and ghrelin concentrations in ad libitum fed and schedule fed rats . ^^^ The present studies tested whether methamphetamine alters the expression of neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) and agouti related peptide ( AgRP ) , two important orexigenic neuropeptides , or proopiomelanocortin ( POMC ) , the precursor for the anorexigenic peptide alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone , or the secretion of leptin , insulin and ghrelin , concomitant with inhibition of food intake . ^^^ In a separate study , AL and SF animals were killed just prior to expected food presentation , and expression of NPY , AgRP and POMC mRNAs in hypothalamus was determined using in situ hybridisation ; concentrations of leptin , insulin and ghrelin in serum were determined with radioimmunoassays . ^^^ In saline treated , SF controls , NPY and AgRP mRNA expression in arcuate nucleus and serum ghrelin were significantly elevated , and serum leptin and insulin were significantly reduced . ^^^ However , in AL animals , NPY mRNA expression in arcuate and dorsomedial nuclei was significantly increased by methamphetamine , which also reduced serum leptin and insulin and increased serum ghrelin concentrations . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| There was a significant negative correlation between circulating ghrelin and leptin levels , as well as body mass index , for the whole and uninfected population , but not in H pylori infected patients . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| On the basis of the proven reproductive effects of other regulators of energy balance , such as the adipocyte derived hormone leptin , we hypothesized that systemic ghrelin may participate in the control of key aspects of reproductive function . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| At each of these levels , the endocannabinoid system interacts with a number of better known molecules involved in appetite and weight regulation , including leptin , ghrelin , and the melanocortins . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : Helicobacter pylori infection may decrease serum ghrelin and increase gastric leptin levels , which may , in turn , decrease body mass index . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Sampling for leptin , GH , cortisol , and ghrelin was performed every 30 min ( from 2000 to 0800 ) in 23 AN and 21 controls 12 18 yr old , and data were analyzed using Cluster and deconvolution methods . ^^^ In a regression model including BMI , body fat , and ghrelin , leptin independently predicted GH burst interval and frequency . ^^^ Valley leptin contributed to 56 % of the variability in GH burst interval , and basal leptin and fasting ghrelin contributed to 42 % of variability in burst frequency . ^^^ Leptin predicts GH and cortisol parameters and with ghrelin predicts GH burst frequency . ^^^ Low leptin and high ghrelin may be dual stimuli for high GH concentrations in undernutrition . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We measured serum concentrations of leptin , soluble leptin receptor , insulin , ghrelin , and thyroid hormones [ thyrotropin , triiodothyronine ( T ( 3 ) ) , and thyroxine ] ; fat mass ( FM ) and fat free mass ( FFM ) ; resting energy expenditure ( REE ) ; energy intake ; and eating behavior . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Effect of moderate incremental exercise , performed in fed and fasted state on cardio respiratory variables and leptin and ghrelin concentrations in young healthy men . ^^^ It has been reported that recently discovered hormones as leptin and ghrelin may affect cardiovascular responses at rest . ^^^ We have hypothesised that fasting / exercise induced changes in plasma leptin / ghrelin concentrations may influence cardiovascular response . ^^^ Pre exercise plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations were not significantly different in fed and fasted state . ^^^ Exercise induced increase in hGH was not accompanied by a significant changes in the studied gut hormones such as ghrelin , leptin , and insulin , except for plasma gastrin concentration , which was significantly ( p = 0 . 008 ) lower in fasting subjects at the power output of 150 W . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We examined plasma ghrelin and leptin levels in patients with morbid obesity undergoing biliopancreatic diversion ( BPD ) of Scopinaro . ^^^ While leptin changes correlated with changes in BMI , no correlation was found between ghrelin and leptin or BMI changes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recent studies from our group and others have shown that many factors ( alpha lipoic acid , leptin , insulin , ghrelin , glucose , 2 deoxyglucose , etc . ) cause an alteration in hypothalamic AMPK activity that mediates effects on feeding behavior . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Alterations of leptin and ghrelin serum concentrations in renal disease : simple epiphenomena . ^^^ The hypothesis that alterations of serum concentrations of the anorexigenic adipose tissue derived hormone leptin or the orexigenic peptide ghrelin might help to regain appetite and fight malnutrition in patients with chronic renal failure can not be confirmed at present . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Differential association of basal and postprandial plasma ghrelin with leptin , insulin , and type 2 diabetes . ^^^ To gain further insight into the regulatory role of insulin and leptin on plasma ghrelin , 56 normal weight , 128 normoinsulinemic obese , 121 hyperinsulinemic obese , and 30 type 2 diabetic normoinsulinemic and 75 type 2 diabetic hyperinsulinemic obese patients were examined . ^^^ In the obese subjects , basal hyperinsulinemia was associated with significantly lower ghrelin independent of BMI , age , and leptin . ^^^ In normoinsulinemic ( normal weight and normoinsulinemic obese ) subjects , ghrelin was inversely related to stepwise increasing leptin . ^^^ Multiple regression analysis and matching for insulin revealed a significant negative interaction of ghrelin with leptin but not insulin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Changes in plasma concentrations of ghrelin , leptin , insulin , and glucose were assessed using radioimmunoassay analysis and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays . ^^^ Hyperinsulinemia and insulin : glucose ratios were increased significantly in GAS KO mice as young as 1 month and preceded alterations in nonfasting leptin and ghrelin levels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Survival also was predicted by serum IGF 1 , insulin , leptin , and ghrelin levels ( P < 0 . 02 P < 0 . 001 ) . ^^^ Serum insulin , leptin , and ghrelin ( total ) levels predicted body fat ( P < 0 . 001 ) , whereas IGF 1 and thyroid hormone levels ( T 3 , free T 3 ) predicted lean tissue mass ( P < 0 . 01 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recently , it has been reported that the adipocyte derived hormone leptin , which also regulates energy homeostasis and opposes ghrelin ' s actions in energy homeostasis , plays a significant role in bone metabolism . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| INFANTS AND METHODS : Ghrelin , growth hormone ( GH ) , and leptin concentrations were measured in cord plasma in 98 newborns of healthy mothers . ^^^ RESULTS : Acylated ghrelin and total ghrelin did not correlate with birth weight , gestational age , body mass index , head circumference , birth length , leptin or GH in plasma cord blood . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : The absence of clinically significant correlations between both active and total ghrelin and GH , leptin or anthropometric data does not enable us to ascribe a precise role to ghrelin in prenatal life . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin has been shown to have a physiological role in the control of food intake , acting as an orexigenic hormone , probably by stimulating NPY production in contrast to the actions of leptin . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The emerging roles of leptin and ghrelin in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology . ^^^ Leptin and ghrelin are novel peptide hormones which are counter regulatory in the central control of appetite . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The genotype had no influence on lipid status , leptin , adiponectin , ghrelin , or family history of type 2 diabetes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Measurements were made of plasma insulin , leptin , glucagon , cholecystokinin , and ghrelin , as well as glucose following an overnight 12 h fast , prior to and after ingestion ( from 0 to 5 min ) of a nutritionally complete liquid meal ( 1254 kJ ) at 0830 h , at 15 , 0 , 5 , 15 , 30 , 60 , 90 , and 120 min . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Stimulation of appetite by ghrelin is regulated by leptin restraint : peripheral and central sites of action . ^^^ A reciprocal rhythmic pattern of 2 afferent hormonal signals , anorexigenic leptin and orexigenic ghrelin , imparts rhythmicity to the neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) system , the final common pathway for appetite expression in the hypothalamus . ^^^ We now show that leptin inhibits both the secretion of gastric ghrelin and the stimulation of feeding by ghrelin . ^^^ We propose that this dual leptin restraint is the major regulatory arm of the feedback communication between the periphery and the hypothalamus for weight homeostasis , and disruption in the rhythmic communication at any locus in the leptin ghrelin NPY feedback loop impels loss of hypothalamic control , leading to abnormal weight gain and obesity . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : Ghrelin , insulin , serotonin , growth hormone , IGF 1 , leptin and adiponectin serum levels were determined in a group of 83 adults ( 40 women , 43 men ) with a mean age 49 . 4+ / 4 . 6 years . ^^^ Total ghrelin , insulin and serotonin levels were measured using RIA , growth hormone and leptin using IRMA and human adiponectin was measured using ELISA . ^^^ In individuals ED+ and IR+ a higher BMI , serum leptin and insulin levels and lower ghrelin , growth hormone and adiponectin levels were found . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Lower ghrelin , growth hormone and adiponectin levels along with higher insulin and leptin levels may contribute to the progression of endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| At a mechanistic level , important developments in recent years include the identification of novel neuroendocrine factors in the control of appetite ( such as cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript , the orexins , the endocannabinoids ) and the discovery of new peripheral signals ( such as leptin , ghrelin ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This review summarizes the current understanding of the CNS mechanisms of orexigenic peptides , such as neuropeptide Y , orexins , and ghrelin , as well as anorectic peptides , such as leptin , neurotensin ( NT ) , cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript ( CART ) peptide , thyrotropin releasing hormone ( TRH ) , corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) , urocortin , amylin . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone that induces NPY release and inhibits proinflammatory cytokines via its antagonistic relationship with leptin . ^^^ NPY is a potent appetite stimulator controlled by ghrelin and leptin and also acts as a mediator of immune function . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin and leptin were analyzed by radioimmunoassay and ELISA methods , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Brain somatic cross talk : ghrelin , leptin and ultimate challengers of obesity . ^^^ Accumulating evidence supports the model that stimulation of leptin and ghrelin responsive pathways , including the central melanocortin system , in the hypothalamus , contributes to the maintenance of body weight . ^^^ It is speculated that through hypothalamic / pituitary axis ghrelin and leptin operate as a metabolic switch . ^^^ Ghrelin actually transfers information from the stomach to the hypothalamus in cooperation with leptin and provides calories that growth hormone ( GH ) needs for growth and repair . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It also did not affect the fasting concentrations of important modulators of food intake like leptin , ghrelin , and insulin in circulation . ^^^ Its inhibitory action appears to be independent of the NPY , ghrelin , and leptin pathways . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Effects of chronic obesity and weight loss on plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations in dogs . ^^^ The objective of this study was to evaluate , in dogs , the effects of obesity and weight loss on plasma total ghrelin and leptin concentrations . ^^^ Plasma total ghrelin , leptin , insulin and glucose concentrations were measured to evaluate the effects of obesity and weight loss on these parameters in dogs . ^^^ Obese dogs demonstrated a significant decrease in plasma ghrelin and a significant increase in plasma leptin and insulin concentrations when compared with control dogs . ^^^ During weight loss , significant increases in plasma total ghrelin and glucose and significant decreases in plasma leptin and insulin were observed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Changes in expression of the genes for the leptin receptor and the growth hormone releasing peptide / ghrelin receptor in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus with long term manipulation of adiposity by dietary means . ^^^ Changes in leptin and ghrelin levels occur with alterations in adiposity , but signalling may be affected by levels of the relevant receptors . ^^^ We measured expression of the leptin receptor ( Ob Rb ) and the ghrelin / growth hormone releasing peptide receptor ( GHS R ) in the arcuate nucleus of sheep held at either high or low levels of adiposity . ^^^ This may be an adaptive mechanism to increase responsivity to both leptin and ghrelin . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma leptin and ghrelin in the neonatal rat : interaction of dexamethasone and hypoxia . ^^^ Ghrelin , leptin , and endogenous glucocorticoids play a role in appetite regulation , energy balance , and growth . ^^^ DEX significantly increased plasma leptin and ghrelin in normoxic pups , but only increased ghrelin in hypoxic pups . ^^^ The changes in ghrelin , leptin , and corticosterone may be beneficial to the hypoxic neonate through the maintenance of appetite and shifts in intermediary metabolism . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Electrophysiological studies have shown that orexin neurons are regulated by monoamines and acetylcholine as well as metabolic cues , including leptin , glucose , and ghrelin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Overeating of palatable food is associated with blunted leptin and ghrelin responses . ^^^ In this study we examined the long term effects of such diets on food intake , body weight , adiposity and circulating levels of the satiety peptide leptin and the hunger peptide ghrelin . ^^^ Fasted animals are known to have low serum leptin and high serum ghrelin and to display elevated serum leptin and lowered serum ghrelin postprandially . ^^^ With time , a sucrose rich diet was found to raise the fasting level of leptin and to lower the fasting level of ghrelin in rats . ^^^ A fat rich diet suppressed serum ghrelin without affecting serum leptin ; high sucrose and high fat in combination greatly reduced serum ghrelin and raised serum leptin in the fasted state . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Fructose does not increase insulin and leptin or suppress ghrelin , which suggests an endocrine mechanism by which it induces a positive energy balance . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : Plasma ghrelin levels and levels of leptin , tumor necrosis factor alpha , and C reactive protein were measured in 29 patients with COPD and 17 healthy controls . ^^^ Plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations were significantly lower in patients who had COPD than in healthy controls ( ghrelin : 0 . 25+ / 0 . 22 ng / mL versus 0 . 43+ / 0 . 24 ng / mL , P=0 . 013 ; leptin : 1 . 77+ / 0 . 70 ng / mL versus 2 . 85+ / 0 . 96 ng / mL , P=0 . 000 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Central leptin differentially modulates ultradian secretory patterns of insulin , leptin and ghrelin independent of effects on food intake and body weight . ^^^ We tested the hypothesis that leptin acts centrally to differentially modulate the ultradian communication of leptin , insulin and ghrelin with the hypothalamus . ^^^ In pair fed control rats leptin and ghrelin secretion was unchanged . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin and leptin are considered as signals of energy status . ^^^ Leptin , ghrelin , adiponectin , androgens , and SHBG were determined . ^^^ In multiple regression with testosterone , M / I , leptin and ghrelin as independent variables , the model including testosterone ( p = 0 . 03 ) and ghrelin ( p = 0 . 002 ) explained 49 % of the variability ( p < 0 . 0012 ) of adiponectin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin and leptin are thought to be the main regulators of appetite and body weight . ^^^ In our study , the correlation between ghrelin and BMI was weak , but a strong significant correlation was maintained between leptin and BMI . ^^^ We conclude that ghrelin is mainly stimulated by the negative caloric balance , and hypothesize that ghrelin is involved in maintaining a stable body weight , while leptin signals the body energy store ; both hormones together are part of a more complex feedback mechanism . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The hypocretin system is influenced both neuronally ( e . g . suprachiasmatic nucleus , GABAergic , cholinergic and aminergic brainstem nuclei ) as well as metabolically ( e . g . glucose , ghrelin , and leptin ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These modulators include the enterohormones ghrelin , peptide YY 3 36 , and cholecystokinin , and the adipocyte derived hormone leptin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We measured fasting plasma ghrelin concentrations in 50 Korean children and adolescents ( 28 boys and 22 girls , mean + / SD age 12 . 6 + / 2 . 7 years , body mass index 22 . 7 + / 5 . 1 kg / m 2 ) , and analyzed the associations between fasting plasma ghrelin level and anthropometric measurements , metabolic parameters , leptin concentration , and fasting insulin level . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Endocrine markers of body weight regulation ( leptin , ghrelin ) were determined in serum . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES : Rats were fed regular chow or an HFD , and ultradian fluctuations in leptin , insulin , and ghrelin were analyzed in blood samples collected at 5 minute intervals from intrajugular cannulae of freely moving rats . ^^^ RESULTS : Regular chow feeding resulted in a slow weight gain accompanied by small increases in insulin and leptin and a decrease in ghrelin discharge , with only the pulse amplitude significantly altered . ^^^ Increases in insulin and leptin and decreases in ghrelin pulse amplitude caused by HFD were exaggerated in OP rats relative to OR rats and preceded the weight increase . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin , leptin , cortisol , and GH secretion were examined using Cluster and deconvolution . ^^^ When body composition measures ( body mass index , lean and fat mass ) , and hormonal predictors ( GH , IGF 1 , cortisol , leptin , and estradiol ) were entered into a regression model with ghrelin secretion to determine independent BMD predictors , ghrelin was the strongest predictor of LS BMAD , BMAD z , hip BMD , and hip BMD z , contributing to 43 , 30 , 26 , and 19 % of the variability , respectively , independent of GH or cortisol effects . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between circulating ghrelin and leptin , which are produced at gastrointestinal level and are involved in energy balance regulation , and changes in body composition and energy metabolism in CD patients before and after gluten free diet ( GFD ) induced restoration of the intestinal mucosa . ^^^ Plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations were assessed by the ELISA and RIA procedures , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The relationship between serum resistin , leptin , adiponectin , ghrelin levels and bone mineral density in middle aged men . ^^^ PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS : For 80 male adults ( average age 54 . 5 + / 6 . 4 years ; average body mass index ( BMI ) 24 . 4 + / 2 . 5 kg / m2 ) , the correlations between serum resistin , leptin , adiponectin and ghrelin levels with BMD were investigated . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin in preterm and term newborns : relation to anthropometry , leptin and insulin . ^^^ AIMS : This study aimed to investigate ( 1 ) the plasma ghrelin concentration at birth , ( 2 ) the relationship of ghrelin with metabolic hormones , including leptin and insulin , and ( 3 ) its association with anthropometric parameters , in appropriately grown preterm ( 23 36 weeks gestation ) and term ( 37 42 weeks gestation ) newborns . ^^^ There was no overall significant correlation between plasma ghrelin and gestational age , anthropometric parameters and leptin or insulin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Blood samples for determination of plasma glucose and serum concentrations of free T 3 and T 4 , TSH , albumin , cortisol , insulin , GH , IGF 1 , IGFBP 1 , leptin , and ghrelin were drawn in the morning from an antecubital vein . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Leptin and ghrelin levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome . ^^^ OBJECTIVES : The aim of this study was to investigate serum leptin and ghrelin levels in obese patients with OSAS in comparison with equally obese controls without OSAS . ^^^ RESULTS : Significantly higher serum leptin levels were found in OSAS patients compared to controls ( p = 0 . 012 ) , but there was no significant difference in serum ghrelin levels between OSAS patients and controls . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Leptin downregulates ghrelin levels in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice . ^^^ This study clarifies the regulation of ghrelin levels by leptin in STZ DM mice . ^^^ Changes in ghrelin levels were dose dependently attenuated by the subcutaneous injection of leptin ( 0 27 nmol 10 kg ( 1 ) 10 day ( 1 ) over 7 days ) . ^^^ Leptin treatment also partially reversed the hyperphagia and hyperglycemia observed in STZ DM mice , but not the hypoinsulinemia , and there was a decrease in plasma ghrelin concentrations and ghrelin mRNA levels compared with STZ LEP pair fed mice . ^^^ These results indicate that leptin treatment partially reverses elevated plasma ghrelin levels in STZ DM mice independent of food intake and insulin , and suggest that hypoleptinemia in STZ DM mice upregulates ghrelin . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Levels of leptin , insulin , adiponectin , amylin , ghrelin , and tumor necrosis factor alpha were measured and compared between the groups . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Overall , it is proposed that , through systemic and local actions , ghrelin may cooperate with other key regulatory signals , such as leptin , in the integrated control of energy balance and gonadal function . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin and leptin levels of sojourners and acclimatized lowlanders at high altitude . ^^^ The circulatory levels of two appetite regulatory hormones i . e . leptin and ghrelin were estimated in sojourners and acclimatized subjects to investigate their possible role in high altitude ( HA ) induced anorexia . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The present review summarizes recent advances in this field including the characterization of peripheral metabolic signals to the brain such as leptin , insulin , peptide YY , ghrelin and lipid mediators as well as the vagus nerve ; signalling of the metabolic sensors in the brainstem and hypothalamus via , e . g . neuropeptide Y and melanocortin peptides ; integration and coordination of brain mediated responses to nutritional challenges ; the organization of food intake in simple model organisms ; the mechanisms underlying food reward and processing of the sensory and metabolic properties of food in the cerebral cortex ; and the development of the central metabolic system , as well as its pathological regulation in cancer and infections . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Experimental conditions included untreated control , ghrelin ( 100 , 150 , 450 and 1350 pmol / L ) , resistin ( 15 , 40 and 100 ng / mL ) and combined leptin and insulin ( combinations of 30 and 120 pmol / L insulin and 5 , 50 and 500 ng / mL leptin ) . 4 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Immunostaining of human duodenum , BMI , hemoglobin A1c , plasma glucose , insulin , PYY , glucagon like peptide 1 ( GLP 1 ) , ghrelin , and leptin were the main outcome measures . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Leptin TRH and ghrelin : influence on energy homeostasis at rest and during exercise . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| AIM : To investigate whether there was a relation between H . pylori infection , body mass index ( BMI ) and serum ghrelin or leptin levels . ^^^ Fasting serum ghrelin , leptin levels , and pepsinogen 1 and 2 levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay ( EIA ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In 64 outpatients who had previously undergone total gastrectomy ( TG : 26 patients ) or distal gastrectomy ( DG : 38 patients ) 4 . 6 months to 136 months ( average , 41 months ) earlier , the association between their serum ghrelin and leptin levels and postoperative body weight was investigated . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Effect of high fat meals and fatty acid saturation on postprandial levels of the hormones ghrelin and leptin in healthy men . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : Ghrelin and leptin play a role in control of food intake and adiposity but mechanisms regulating these hormones in man are poorly defined and evidence that dietary fats may have adverse effects is inconclusive . ^^^ Fasting and postprandial measurements of serum total ghrelin ( RIA ) , leptin ( enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) ) and insulin ( RIA ) were made over 6 h . ^^^ There was no significant correlation between ghrelin or leptin and circulating insulin ( P > 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ Increasing dietary SFAs had no deleterious effects on leptin or total ghrelin . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| DESIGN : Blood assays for glucose , insulin , ghrelin , leptin , melatonin , cortisol , TSH , and prolactin were sampled repeatedly among NES and control subjects . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The treatment effect was apparently independent of changes in hunger or satiety , or of changes in fasting and postprandial plasma ghrelin and serum leptin , thus suggesting a different pharmacological mechanism . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Effects of GH replacement therapy in adults on serum levels of leptin and ghrelin : the role of lipolysis . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Our data suggest that antilipolysis via suppression of the hormone sensitive lipase in combination with GH administration is associated with significant and reciprocal changes in ghrelin and leptin . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression of receptors for metabolic hormones , such as insulin , leptin , and ghrelin , allows ARC to sense information from the periphery and signal it to the central nervous system . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin , leptin and IGF 1 levels in breast fed and formula fed infants in the first years of life . ^^^ AIM : To establish ghrelin , leptin and IGF 1 serum levels in breastfed ( BF ) and formula fed ( FF ) infants during the first period of life . ^^^ METHODS : A cross sectional study was conducted on fasting blood venous samples obtained from exclusively BF ( n=106 ) and FF ( n=100 ) infants to measure total ghrelin ( RIA test ) , leptin ( RIA test ) and IGF 1 ( chemiluminescence ) . ^^^ RESULTS : During the first 4 mo of life , FF infants compared to BF ones showed higher ghrelin levels ( 2654 . 86 vs 2132 . 96 pg / ml ; p < 0 . 032 ) , higher IGF 1 levels ( 3 . 73 vs 3 . 15 ng / ml ; p=0 . 00 ) and lower leptin levels ( 0 . 68 vs 1 . 16 ng / ml ; p < 0 . 04 ) . ^^^ Leptin values were higher in females than in males ( 0 . 80 vs 0 . 47 ng / ml ; p < 0 . 03 ) , while no gender related difference was found for ghrelin and IGF 1 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin , leptin and the neurometabolic axis of breastfed and formula fed infants . ^^^ Leptin , ghrelin , insulin like growth factors and other compounds may not only represent mediators involved in the metabolism of fat tissues , but may also potentially be able to explain the complex relationships between the gastrointestinal tract and the hypothalamic regulation of the sense of hunger and satiety . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| DESIGN : In 8 patients with Cushing ' s disease ( CD , BMI 29 . 8 + / 1 . 6 kg / m ( 2 ) ) , 7 normal ( NS ) and 6 obese subjects ( OB , BMI 32 . 9 + / 1 . 1 kg / m ( 2 ) ) we studied : a ) total ghrelin levels ( every 15 min over 3 h ) and their correlation with BMI , insulin , glucose , homeostatic model assessment ( HOMA ) index , ACTH and cortisol levels ; b ) GH , ACTH , cortisol , insulin and glucose responses to acylated ghrelin administration ( 1 . 0 mug / kg i . v . at 0 min ) . ^^^ Despite this , total ghrelin levels in CD were similar to those in NS and both were higher ( P < 0 . 05 ) than those in OB . ^^^ The GH responses to ghrelin in CD and OB were similar and both were lower ( P < 0 . 002 ) than those in NS . ^^^ In CD ghrelin induced exaggerated ACTH and cortisol responses clearly higher ( P < 0 . 005 ) than in OB and NS . ^^^ Ghrelin administration increased glucose in all groups ; insulin levels showed slight decrease that was significant ( P < 0 . 05 ) in OB only . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Early effects of olanzapine on serum levels of ghrelin , adiponectin and leptin in patients with schizophrenia . ^^^ The purposes of this study were to explore the early effects of olanzapine on serum levels of ghrelin , adiponectin and leptin , three recently identified hormones that play crucial roles in the regulation of energy balance and glucose metabolism . ^^^ Serum levels of ghrelin , adiponectin , leptin and insulin , as well as weight and fasting glucose , were investigated at the baseline and at 4 weeks . ^^^ Serum ghrelin levels had decreased ( p 0 . 03 ) and leptin had increased ( p 0 . 02 ) , while adiponectin and insulin levels had not significantly changed at Week 4 ( p 0 . 29 and p 0 . 25 , respectively ) . ^^^ These findings suggest that ghrelin levels decrease and leptin levels increase after initiation of olanzapine therapy . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Fasting serum levels of adiponectin , ghrelin , and leptin in men with spinal cord injury . ^^^ OBJECTIVES : To measure serum levels of adiponectin , ghrelin , and leptin in men with spinal cord injury ( SCI ) and to investigate possible correlations between these serum levels and various factors , such as body mass index ( BMI ) , age , injury level , and duration of injury . ^^^ MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Serum levels of adiponectin , ghrelin , and leptin and BMI . ^^^ Serum leptin levels correlated positively with BMI ( SCI , r= . 698 , P < . 001 ; controls , r= . 782 , P < . 001 ) , whereas serum adiponectin ( SCI , r= . 527 , P < . 001 ; controls , r= . 315 , P= . 057 ) and ghrelin ( SCI , r= . 368 , P < . 001 ; controls , r= . 447 , P= . 006 ) levels correlated negatively with the BMI in both subjects with SCI and controls . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Insulin , glucagon and synthetic human proteins ( ghrelin and GLP 1 ) at 100 ng / ml had no influence on leptin receptor expression ; the addition of T 3 was associated with a marked increase ( P < 0 . 001 ) in expression of total and long forms of the leptin receptor by 1 . 6 and 2 . 4 fold , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The neuroendocrine regulation of appetite was also affected as the levels of the anorexigenic hormone leptin were decreased , whereas the levels of the orexigenic factor ghrelin were increased . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin , adiponectin , and leptin do not predict long term changes in weight and body mass index in older adults : longitudinal analysis of the Rancho Bernardo cohort . ^^^ Ghrelin , leptin , and adiponectin are associated with body size in cross sectional studies ; it is unknown whether these hormones predict long term changes in body size . ^^^ From this analysis of Rancho Bernardo Study data , the authors conclude that ghrelin , adiponectin , and leptin do not predict weight gain beyond reflecting the influence of attained body size on future changes in weight or body mass index . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Helicobacter pylori infection and serum gastrin , ghrelin and leptin in children of Polish shepherds . ^^^ In both groups of mountain children , the anti H . pylori and anti CagA IgG were measured by ELISA and serum gastrin , ghrelin and leptin concentrations by RIA . ^^^ Serum gastrin concentrations were significantly higher in H . pylori positive than in H . pylori negative mountain children ( 52 . 2+ / 5 . 8 pmol / L versus 22 . 7+ / 2 . 1 pmol / L ) , while serum ghrelin and leptin concentrations were significantly lower in H . pylori infected ( 741+ / 112 pg / mL and 3 . 6+ / 0 . 8 ng / mL ) than in non infected children ( 1323+ / 104 pg / mL and 8 . 6+ / 2 . 4 ng / mL ) . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Children with sheep contact show about twice higher H . pylori prevalence and higher serum gastrin but lower ghrelin and leptin levels than those without H . pylori infection . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| STUDY OBJECTIVES : Sleep deprivation has been hypothesized to contribute toward obesity by decreasing leptin , increasing ghrelin , and compromising insulin sensitivity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Changes of sleep architecture , spectral composition of sleep EEG , the nocturnal secretion of cortisol , ACTH , GH , prolactin , melatonin , ghrelin , and leptin , and the DEX CRH test in depressed patients during treatment with mirtazapine . ^^^ We examined sleep EEG ( for later conventional and quantitative analyses ) and the nocturnal concentrations of cortisol , adrenocorticotropin ( ACTH ) , growth hormone ( GH ) , prolactin , melatonin and the key factors of energy balance , ghrelin , and leptin before and after 28 days of treatment of depressed patients ( seven women , three men , mean age 39 . 9+ / 4 . 2 years ) with mirtazapine . ^^^ This effect persisted at day 28 , when slow wave sleep , low delta , theta and alpha activity , leptin and ( 0300 0700 ) melatonin increased , and cortisol and ghrelin decreased . ^^^ This unique profile of changes is compatible with the action of mirtazapine at 5 HT 2 receptors , at presynaptic adrenergic alpha 2 receptors , at the HPA system , and on ghrelin and leptin . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : In boys , priming with testosterone increased testosterone to pubertal levels ( 23 . 7 + / 7 . 1 nmol / liter ) , which in turn induced a marked decrease in ghrelin ( from 1615 . 8 + / 418 . 6 to 1390 . 0 + / 352 . 0 pg / ml ) and leptin ( from 8 . 0 + / 4 . 5 to 5 . 8 + / 3 . 2 ng / ml ) and an increase in IGF 1 ( from 162 . 7 + / 52 . 8 to 291 . 1 + / 101 . 6 ng / ml ) ( P < 0 . 001 for all parameters ) . ^^^ In girls , priming with estrogen led to a supraphysiological increase in estradiol levels ( 1313 . 8 + / 438 . 0 pmol / liter ) , which had no effect on ghrelin , leptin , or IGF 1 . ^^^ There was no correlation between ghrelin levels and levels of sex hormones , leptin , or body mass index in either boys or girls . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Subjective ratings of hunger , fullness and desire to eat , and blood plasma levels of glucose , insulin , leptin , ghrelin and PYY were measured before and after each imaging session . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| LC HF rats had increased plasma leptin and ghrelin levels and decreased insulin levels , and patterns of NPY and POMC mRNA expression were consistent with those of food deprived rats . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Circulating levels of insulin , amylin , leptin , ghrelin , and glucagon like peptide 1 did not differ between the euglycemic and hyperglycemia clamp , excluding a major contribution of these hormones to the difference in food intake . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Acute plasma ghrelin and leptin responses to oral feeding or intraperitoneal hypertonic glucose based dialysate in patients with chronic renal failure . ^^^ BACKGROUND : Chronic renal failure ( CRF ) is associated with increased plasma levels of ghrelin and leptin , but the regulation of the secretion of these hormones has been insufficiently studied , in this setting . ^^^ The aim of this study was to analyze the acute effects of oral feeding or intraperitoneal 3 . 86 % glucose based dialysate infusion on plasma ghrelin and leptin levels in patients with CRF undergoing peritoneal dialysis ( PD ) . ^^^ We scrutinized acute changes in plasma ghrelin , leptin , glucose , insulin , and growth hormone ( GH ) levels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Administration of Lispro insulin with meals improves glycemic control , increases circulating leptin , and suppresses ghrelin , compared with regular / NPH insulin in female patients with type 1 diabetes . ^^^ Exogenous insulin administration often poorly reproduces normal insulin patterns and may less effectively regulate leptin and ghrelin , two hormones involved in the control of appetite and adiposity . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : The objective of the study was to determine whether insulin regimens that better replicate normal insulin patterns and augment postprandial nutrient disposal may help normalize leptin and ghrelin and improve body weight regulation . ^^^ MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Plasma glucose , insulin , leptin , and ghrelin concentrations were monitored over the 10 h study period . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Injection of Lispro insulin with meals produces more physiological insulin patterns , better glucose control , and improved leptin and ghrelin regulation than R+N . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Leptin , ghrelin , and adiponectin in epileptic patients treated with valproic acid . ^^^ They showed circulating leptin and insulin levels significantly higher and ghrelin and adiponectin levels significantly lower than those of patients who did not gain weight . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Leptin , ghrelin , and PP were similar in both the surgical groups . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Weight loss ( 11 . 2 + / 1 . 4 kg ) was associated with a significant decrease in baseline plasma insulin ( 9 . 7 + / 4 . 1 to 7 . 9 + / 2 . 4 mU / ml ; P < 0 . 0001 ) and leptin ( 25 . 9 + / 8 . 3 to 17 . 2 + / 7 . 8 ng / ml ; P < 0 . 0001 ) and an increase in plasma ghrelin ( 1 . 86 + / 1 . 05 to 2 . 28 + / 1 . 48 ng / ml ; P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : The neuropeptides leptin and ghrelin are involved in the appetite regulating network consisting of distinct orexigenic ( ghrelin ) and anorexigenic ( leptin ) circuitries . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Serum concentrations of ghrelin , leptin , insulin , IGF 1 and GH were measured in all subjects . ^^^ Serum GH levels were positively correlated with serum ghrelin concentrations in both HD ( r = 0 . 46 , P < 0 . 05 ) and PD ( r = 0 . 53 , P < 0 . 001 ) patients ; however , no relationships between ghrelin , leptin , insulin and IGF 1 were found . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Adiponectin , ghrelin , and leptin in cancer cachexia in breast and colon cancer patients . ^^^ BACKGROUND : The hormone ghrelin and the adipocytokines leptin and adiponectin participate in body weight regulation . ^^^ In response to weight loss , ghrelin and adiponectin levels increase and leptin decreases . ^^^ METHODS : Fasting plasma ghrelin , adiponectin , and leptin levels , as well as weight loss , were determined in 40 cancer patients : 18 of them suffered from cancer induced cachexia , and 22 served as a comparison group . ^^^ Thus , impaired response of adiponectin , ghrelin , and leptin may play a role in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia syndrome . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Effect of ovariectomy and ad libitum feeding on body composition , thyroid status , ghrelin and leptin plasma concentrations in female dogs . ^^^ The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ovariectomy ( 1 ) and ad libitum feeding ( 2 ) on energy intake , body weight ( BW ) , body composition , thyroid status , leptin and ghrelin plasma concentrations . ^^^ The results suggest that in dogs , thyroid hormones , leptin and ghrelin concentrations change in response to a positive energy balance in an attempt to limit weight gain . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Insulin resistance in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome and the measurements of adiponectin , leptin , resistin , and ghrelin . ^^^ We wished to assess the prevalence of insulin resistance ( IR ) , diagnosed using practical methods , and whether several adipocyte factors ( adiponectin , leptin , resistin ) or the gastric peptide ghrelin , associated with cardiovascular risk , might be abnormal and may relate to IR . ^^^ We measured fasting glucose and insulin , performed 75 g 2 hr oral glucose tolerance and intravenous insulin tolerance tests to assess IR , and measured fasting lipids , adiponectin , leptin , resistin and ghrelin . ^^^ Leptin and resistin were elevated and adiponectin and ghrelin were decreased in the postmenopausal women , compared to both groups of premenopausal controls . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Circulating levels of leptin , adiponectin , resistin , and ghrelin in inflammatory bowel disease . ^^^ Because human metabolism dramatically changes in inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) and chronic inflammation is the hallmark of the disease , we studied serum levels of leptin , adiponectin , resistin , and ghrelin in patients with ulcerative colitis ( UC ) and Crohn ' s disease ( CD ) in comparison with healthy controls ( HC ) . ^^^ METHODS : Leptin , adiponectin , resistin , and active ghrelin serum levels were measured in 100 IBD patients ( 46 UC and 54 CD ) and in 60 matched HC using commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assays . ^^^ Leptin , adiponectin , resistin , and ghrelin levels were correlated with disease activity , type , localization , and treatment . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Serum levels of adiponectin , resistin , and active ghrelin are increased whereas serum levels of leptin are decreased in patients with IBD . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Finally leptin levels are decreased in patients with AN while ghrelin levels are elevated . ^^^ Both leptin and ghrelin levels return to control values after renutrition . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations in patients with Crohn ' s disease . ^^^ AIM : To determine the concentrations of leptin and ghrelin , which have opposite effects on appetite , energy expenditure , and weight control , in the plasma of patients with Crohn ' s disease ( CD ) , which is often associated with weight loss and malnutrition . ^^^ METHODS : Plasma leptin and ghrelin ' concentrations were determined in 28 outpatients with CD by radioimmunoassay . ^^^ Localization and medication profile had no significant impact on circulating ghrelin and leptin levels . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Apart from H pylori infection , CD itself has no significant influence on circulating ghrelin and leptin levels in the outpatients who were mostly in inactive state . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : At baseline , AN patients had significantly higher ghrelin , GH , and cortisol levels and significantly lower leptin than constitutionally thin subjects . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| With the discovery of peptides related to hypothalamic control of food intake ( e . g . leptin and ghrelin ) the search for the biological ' master key ' of feeding control was renewed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Partial sleep deprivation was found to be associated with a decrease in plasma levels of leptin and a concomitant increase in plasma levels of ghrelin ; subjective ratings of hunger and appetite also increased ( the appetite for protein rich foods was not significantly affected ) . ^^^ Moreover , a remarkable correlation was found between the increase in hunger and the increase in the ghrelin : leptin ratio . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin and leptin elevation in postoperative intra abdominal sepsis . ^^^ BACKGROUND : Both ghrelin and leptin are important signals in the regulation of food intake and energy balance . ^^^ Many other regulatory effects of both ghrelin and leptin involving cardiovascular , gastrointestinal , renal , and endocrine systems were revealed . ^^^ The aim of this study was to characterize the levels of circulating ghrelin and leptin in relation to systemic inflammatory response . ^^^ Plasma levels of ghrelin ( RIA ) , leptin , TNF alpha , IL 1beta , sIL 2R , IL 6 ( ELISA analysis ) , CRP and alpha 1 antitrypsin ( nephelometric analysis ) were analyzed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Plasma lipid , glucose , total protein and hormone ( ghrelin , leptin , triiodothyronine and thyroxine ) concentrations were measured from the parents in August 2002 , January 2003 and at the end of the experiment in May June 2003 when the kits were 21 days of age . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A high protein diet induces sustained reductions in appetite , ad libitum caloric intake , and body weight despite compensatory changes in diurnal plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations . ^^^ Blood was sampled frequently at the end of each diet phase to measure the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve ( AUC ) for insulin , leptin , and ghrelin . ^^^ Mean ( + / SE ) spontaneous energy intake decreased by 441 + / 63 kcal / d , body weight decreased by 4 . 9 + / 0 . 5 kg , and fat mass decreased by 3 . 7 + / 0 . 4 kg with the ad libitum , high protein diet , despite a significantly decreased leptin AUC and increased ghrelin AUC . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| These include the adipocytokines ( peptides released by adipocytes which circulate , such as leptin , adiponectin and resistin ) , and other peptides whose levels are altered in association with obesity ( such as ghrelin , neuropeptide Y , interleukin 1 beta and tumour necrosis factor alpha ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Peripheral feeding related hormones such as leptin , insulin , and ghrelin exert their main central effects through neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) synthesizing and alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone ( alpha MSH ) synthesizing neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Postprandial response of salivary ghrelin and leptin to carbohydrate uptake . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Chronic studies measured food intake , body weight , adiponectin , active ghrelin , leptin , insulin , tissue wet weights , glucose , clinical chemistry endpoints , and brain dopaminergic D 2 receptor density . ^^^ Acute studies examined food intake , ghrelin , leptin , and glucose tolerance . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin and leptin : a link between obesity and allergy . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We also examined GH , cortisol , ghrelin , and leptin ( overnight frequent sampling ) and fasting IGF 1 , estradiol , total T 3 , and bone markers . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We studied the effect of different glucose lowering therapies on serum levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) , high sensitivity C reactive protein ( hs CRP ) , TNF alpha , leptin , adiponectin and ghrelin in patients with type 2 diabetes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In these conditions , however , there was normal regulation of the circulating levels of insulin , leptin , or glucose but a loss of regulation of plasma ghrelin concentrations . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ARC POMC neurons , which also express cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript ( CART ) , are known to mediate part of the response to factors regulating energy homeostasis , such as leptin and ghrelin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The body mass index was correlated positively with plasma leptin ( rho = 0 . 73 , P = 0 . 0004 ) and free leptin index ( rho = 0 . 63 , P < 0 . 004 ) and negatively with ghrelin ( rho = 0 . 49 , P < 0 . 03 ) concentrations . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : We assessed glucose disposal rate and concentrations of C peptide , ghrelin , GH , IGF 1 , IGF binding protein ( IGFBP ) 3 and 1 , cortisol , leptin , and adiponectin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Peripheral signals , such as ghrelin and leptin , have been shown to influence energy homeostasis . ^^^ The aim of the study was to investigate whether a short term dietary intervention with HF and LF affects ghrelin and leptin levels and their modulators , GH , insulin and cortisol , before and during aerobic exercise . ^^^ After a standardized carbohydrate snack in the morning , metabolites and hormones ( GH , ghrelin , leptin , insulin and cortisol ) were measured before and at regular intervals throughout a 3 h aerobic exercise test on a cycloergometer at 50 % of W ( max ) . ^^^ Diet did not significantly affect GH and cortisol concentrations during exercise but resulted in a significant increase in ghrelin and decrease in leptin concentrations after LF compared with HF diet ( area under the curve ( AUC ) ghrelin LF vs HF : P < 0 . 03 ; AUC leptin LF vs HF : P < 0 . 02 , Wilcoxon rank test ) . ^^^ These data suggest that acute negative energy balance induced by exercise elicits a hormonal response with opposite changes of ghrelin and leptin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recently , emerging biomarkers such as apolipoprotein AI , apolipoprotein B , leptin , adiponectin , free fatty acids , and ghrelin have been proposed as tools that provide valuable complementary information to that obtained from traditional biomarkers , if not more powerful predictions of risk . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In the last 10 years , discoveries of new hormones such as leptin and ghrelin , together with greater understanding of previously described hormones such as cholecystokinin ( CCK ) , pancreatic polypeptide ( PP ) , peptide YY ( PYY ) and glucagon like peptide 1 ( GLP 1 ) , have led to a rapid increase in our knowledge of the regulation of energy balance . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We investigated ghrelin and leptin levels , cardiac vagal tone and sympathovagal balance , frequency of sets of binge eating and vomiting episodes per week and the Profile of Mood States ( POMS ) depression scale in BN before and after a 16 week administration of the serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor ( SSRI ) paroxetine combined with cognitive behavioral therapy . ^^^ Compared to controls , the BN group had higher ghrelin levels and resting cardiac vagal tone , and lower leptin levels and resting cardiac sympathovagal balance before treatment , although there was a significant difference between the two groups for the body mass index ( BMI ) . ^^^ The elevated ghrelin levels ( 301 . 7 + / 18 . 9 pmol / l , mean + / SEM vs . 202 . 8 + / 15 . 6 pmol / l , P < 0 . 01 ) , cardiac vagal tone ( 2246 . 4 + / 335 . 5 ms ( 2 ) vs . 1128 . 5 + / 193 . 3 ms ( 2 ) , P < 0 . 01 ) , frequency of sets of binge eating and purging episodes and T scores for the POMS depression scale were all significantly decreased after treatment despite similar BMI , percent body fat and leptin levels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Study design : In 50 obese children and 20 control children , we measured the CD 4 positive Th cells that secrete interferon ( IFN ) gamma or interleukin ( IL ) 2 ( taken as an index of Th 1 cells ) , and IL 4 ( taken as an index of Th 2 cells ) as well as serum glucose , insulin , insulin resistance ( IR ) index ( as homeostasis model assessment model ( HOMA ) ) , lipid profile , aminotransferases , leptin and ghrelin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Among other still partially undefined factors , mechanisms potentially responsible for the sex dichotomy in androgen levels involve specific alterations of gonadotropin secretion , estrogens , the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis , leptin , androgen receptors , specific steroidogenic enzymes in the peripheral tissues , and , possibly , ghrelin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effect of liposuction and diet on ghrelin , adiponectin , and leptin levels in obese Zucker rats . ^^^ BACKGROUND : The fat regulating hormones , adiponectin , ghrelin , and leptin , have been studied extensively with the hope that some therapeutic modality might be gleaned from their augmentation or blockade . ^^^ The authors studied levels of ghrelin , adiponectin , and leptin after liposuction in obese male Zucker rats . ^^^ Ghrelin levels decreased significantly and leptin levels demonstrated an increasing trend after liposuction . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The control of food intake is profoundly affected by polymorphisms either in genes encoding taste receptors or in genes encoding a number of peripheral signaling peptides such as insulin , leptin , ghrelin , cholecystokinin , and corresponding receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Unbalanced serum leptin and ghrelin dynamics prolong postprandial satiety and inhibit hunger in healthy elderly : another reason for the `` anorexia of aging ' ' . ^^^ Leptin and ghrelin may alter the control of hunger and satiety and thus lead to anorexia . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : The aim of this study was to investigate how aging affects serum leptin and ghrelin concentrations in response to a meal and the relation of those hormones to hunger and satiety sensations . ^^^ Blood samples for leptin , ghrelin , and insulin measurements were collected at the following times : 30 min before and immediately and 30 , 60 , 120 , and 240 min after the meal . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effect of biliopancreatic diversion with pylorus preserving sleeve gastrectomy and duodenal switch on fasting serum ghrelin , leptin and adiponectin levels : is there a hormonal contribution to the weight reducing effect of this procedure . ^^^ METHODS : Serum fasting ghrelin , leptin and adiponectin concentrations were measured by ELISA in 13 patients with morbid obesity who achieved weight loss by BPD DS , before the operation and 18 months after . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However LPS ( 6 h ) induced a greater percent increase in plasma leptin in female than male rats ( 230 vs . 33 % , p < 0 . 01 ) , whereas ghrelin was similarly decreased in both females and males ( 66 vs . 44 % ) . ^^^ Our findings suggest that therapeutic interventions with ghrelin or leptin must be modified according to gender in order to optimally achieve either weight loss for obesity or weight gain / maintenance for chronic illness associated anorexia . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Leptin and ghrelin expression in adipose tissues and serum levels in gastric banding patients . ^^^ BACKGROUND : To determine how leptin and ghrelin are expressed in the adipose tissues of obese adults undergoing gastric banding ( LAGB ) , and to correlate tissue expression with serum concentrations and parameters of the metabolic syndrome . ^^^ Clinical data such as BMI and blood pressure were evaluated along with subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue gene expression and fasting levels of leptin and ghrelin . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Human adipose tissue expression of leptin is weight course dependent and ghrelin is constitutional . ^^^ Serum levels of leptin , but not of ghrelin , are indicative of an adaptive pattern of local gene expression in obese subjects undergoing weight reduction . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Serum ghrelin and leptin levels in adult growth hormone deficiency syndrome . ^^^ BACKGROUND : In spite of the increasing information that has recently been accumulated on the involvement of ghrelin and leptin in the control of energy balance , the relationship between ghrelin and leptin and the growth hormone ( GH ) insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) axis in the pathological condition characterized by GH deficiency has been poorly clarified . ^^^ Therefore , we performed this study to examine the correlation of the plasma levels of ghrelin and leptin with the anthropometric and biochemical markers in GH deficient ( GHD ) adults as compared to their healthy cohorts . ^^^ METHODS : In 60 male adults ( GHD ; n = 12 , healthy control ; n = 48 , average age : 54 years ) , we investigated the correlations between the serum leptin and ghrelin levels with the anthropometric and biochemical factors in the control group , as compared to the GHD patients . ^^^ Plasma ghrelin , leptin , insulin , GH and IGF 1 were measured . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Relationship of ghrelin and leptin hormones with body mass index and waist circumference in a random sample of adults . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the relationship of ghrelin and leptin hormones with body mass index ( BMI ) and waist circumference in a population based random sample of adult men and women subsequently categorized from normal weight to severely obese based on BMI criteria . ^^^ The relationship between total ghrelin and leptin was also evaluated . ^^^ Blood samples were later thawed , and plasma leptin and total ghrelin levels were analyzed with radioimmunoassay kits . ^^^ RESULTS : Leptin levels were directly associated with BMI ( r=0 . 72 , P=0 . 001 ) and waist circumference ( r=0 . 71 , P=0 . 0001 ) , whereas total ghrelin was inversely associated with BMI ( r= 0 . 39 , P=0 . 001 ) and waist circumference ( r= 0 . 37 , P=0 . 001 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Adiponectin , leptin , ghrelin , interleukin 6 ( IL 6 ) , C reactive protein ( CRP ) , and Adult Treatment Panel 3 defined metabolic syndrome components were measured in fasting blood samples obtained in 1984 1987 . ^^^ The association between the metabolic syndrome and CHD mortality was not materially changed after adjustment for adiponectin , leptin , and ghrelin ; it was attenuated by 25 % after adjustment for IL 6 and 35 % after adjustment for CRP . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| AIM : Dysregulation of the normal levels of ghrelin , leptin and adiponectin in young non obese subjects could promote food intake , diabetes and cardiovascular disease in later stages of life . ^^^ METHODS : In this cross sectional study we examined the predictors of fasting plasma ghrelin , adiponectin and leptin in a population of well characterized young non obese women ( N = 63 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The changes in serum ghrelin levels and their relationship to IGF 1 , its binding proteins and leptin in women patients with anorexia nervosa ] . ^^^ Sixteen women patients with anorexia nervosa and thirteen healthy women of comparable age were examined clinically and blood samples were taken for estimation of serum levels of ghrelin , leptin , soluble leptin receptor , IGF 1 , IGFBP 1 and IGFBP 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| SIB did not significantly affect fat mass , ghrelin , growth hormone , insulin , or leptin . ^^^ Mice chronically fed LF diet maintained a lower caloric intake , gained less weight and fat mass than diet switched mice , and had higher ghrelin and lower insulin and leptin . ^^^ DEX treatment of diet switched DIO mice decreased growth hormone , insulin , leptin , fat mass , lean mass , and increased ghrelin , while SIB only decreased body weight . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Interactions of the hormones leptin , ghrelin , adiponectin , resistin , and PYY 3 36 with the reproductive system . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : To summarize the effects of novel hormones ( leptin , ghrelin , adiponectin , resistin , and PYY 3 36 ) secreted from adipose tissue and the gastrointestinal tract that have been discovered to exert different effects on several reproductive functions , such as the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis , embryo development , implantation physiology , and clinically relevant conditions . ^^^ RESULT ( S ) : Leptin and ghrelin exert important roles on body weight regulation , eating behavior , and reproduction , acting on the central nervous system and target reproductive organs . ^^^ In addition , leptin and ghrelin and their receptors are involved in reproductive events such as gonadal function , embryo development , and embryo endometrial interaction . ^^^ CONCLUSION ( S ) : Leptin and ghrelin and other adipose tissue secreted hormones have significant effects on reproduction . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| It mediates some of the effects of peripheral hormones such as leptin , ghrelin and adiponectin , and it is involved in the insulin sensitizing role of the antidiabetic drug metformin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| This study tested the hypothesis that grain and intravenous dextrose challenges would alter plasma concentrations of active ghrelin , adiponectin , leptin , glucose , insulin , and cortisol in Standardbred mares . ^^^ Hence , oral grain and intravenous nutrient challenges have the ability to alter variables potentially related to energy metabolism in mares , with acute changes in glucose and insulin possibly modulating changes in ghrelin and leptin . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , changes in levels of metabolic hormones as ghrelin and leptin in obesity may also play a role in the pathogenesis of deterioration of psoriasis by their potency to release pro inflammatory mediators ( e . g . interleukin ( IL ) 6 and TNF alpha ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| With 26 other patients , who had previously undergone surgery from 3 months to 67 months ( mean , 25 months ) before the present study period , the late phase postoperative alteration of serum ghrelin was investigated along with postoperative body weight loss and serum leptin . ^^^ Serum leptin correlated well with body weight ( P = . 0144 ) , but not with postoperative time , the degree of body weight loss , or serum ghrelin concentration . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Serum concentrations of lipids , lipoproteins , apolipoproteins , leptin , ghrelin , and inflammation markers ( C reactive protein and serum amyloid A ) were measured , and subjects ' lipoproteins were characterized . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The discovery that orexin neurons are regulated by peripheral metabolic cues , including ghrelin , leptin and glucose , suggests that they might have important roles as a link between energy homeostasis and sleep / wakefulness states . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin ( 500 nM ) , agouti related peptide ( 1 microM ) ; cocaine and amphetamine related transcript ( 500 nM ) and leptin ( 500 nM and 1 microM ) did not modulate the firing rate and membrane potential of VTA neurons . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : In patients before and after treatment and in healthy subjects fasting serum levels of total ghrelin , leptin , growth hormone ( GH ) , insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) , glucose , insulin , total cholesterol and trigliceryde levels were measured . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A number of different neuropeptides exert powerful concerted controls on feeding behavior and energy balance , most of them being produced in hypothalamic neuronal networks under stimulation by anabolic and catabolic peripheral hormones such as ghrelin and leptin , respectively . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ghrelin and leptin are short and long term determinants of energy balance respectively , whose dysregulation could alter food intake . ^^^ We evaluate the relationship of circulating ghrelin and leptin responses to standardized oral mixed nutrient load ( SOMNL ) with body composition , daily food intake , and insulin sensitivity in healthy elderly subjects ( ES ) . ^^^ Basal and postprandial ghrelin , leptin , testosterone , glucose , insulin and C peptide concentrations , and insulin resistance ( homeostasis model assessment ( HOMA R ) ) and sensitivity ( quantitative insulin sensitivity check index ( QUICKI ) ) were evaluated . ^^^ RESULTS : Basal ghrelin levels were similar in ES and LY , whereas leptin was higher in ES than LY , in agreement with the higher amount of FM . ^^^ CONCLUSION : In ES , basal and postprandial ghrelin increases with FFM , specifically SMM , reduction , whereas leptin increases with relative FM increases . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Adiponectin , ghrelin , leptin and body composition in hirsute PCOS patients and controls . ^^^ Relationships between adiponectin , ghrelin , leptin , body composition , testosterone and insulin were examined . ^^^ Measurements of fasting levels of adiponectin , ghrelin , leptin , androgen status , oestradiol , lipid variables and insulin during follicular phase . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| DESIGN : We evaluated ghrelin , insulin , glucose , and leptin secretion overnight and after intake of different macronutrients . ^^^ MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : The main outcome measures were resting energy expenditure ( REE ) ; fat mass ; nighttime approximate entropy ( ApEn ) and synchronicity ( cross ApEn ) of ghrelin , insulin , and leptin ; insulin sensitivity by homeostatic model approach insulin sensitivity ( HOMA S % ) ; postabsorptive area under the curve ( AUC ) ; and Delta of ghrelin , insulin , glucose , and leptin after carbohydrate , lipid , and protein rich test meals . ^^^ Cross ApEn revealed a synchronicity between ghrelin insulin , ghrelin leptin , and insulin leptin in both groups . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Abdominal fat , glycemia and hormones linked to appetite including leptin , ghrelin and insulin were also measured . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Sprague Dawley rats were fasted and / or challenged with intracerebroventricular leptin or ghrelin and gene expression was measured using real time reverse transcriptase PCR and quantitative in situ hybridisation with riboprobes specific for NMU and NMU receptor ( NMU R 2 ) . ^^^ Ghrelin administration had no effect on the level of NMU expression , but leptin was found to diminish the expression in a concentration and time dependent manner . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Recent data suggest that ghrelin has an important role in the regulation of leptin and insulin secretion and vice versa . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Modulations of the metabolically active hormones , tumour necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) , ghrelin , leptin and adiponectin are all implicated in the development of these cardiovascular risk factors . ^^^ Fasting plasma TNFalpha , ghrelin , leptin and adiponectin were measured before and after treatment . ^^^ DISCUSSION : Our data do not support a role for TNF alpha , ghrelin , leptin or adiponectin in the insulin resistance associated with short term glucocorticoid treatment . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| H . pylori causes changes in fundic leptin levels and plasma levels of ghrelin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Fasting adiponectin , leptin , ghrelin , insulin , and insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) concentrations were measured . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q9UBU3 and P41159 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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