Pubmed abstracts for Protein-Protein Interaction search result :

Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , two human homologues of the SNF2 / SWI2 protein have been isolated , hbrm and BRG 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SWI 2 is believed to be the founding member of a new subfamily of DNA stimulated ATPases / DNA helicases that includes proteins that function in DNA repair ( RAD 5 , RAD 16 , ERCC 6 ) , recombination ( RAD 54 ) , transcription ( MOT 1 , ISWI , brm , BRG 1 , hBRM ) and cell cycle control ( STH 1 ) . ^^^ SWI 2 is believed to be the founding member of a new subfamily of DNA stimulated ATPases / DNA helicases that includes proteins that function in DNA repair ( RAD 5 , RAD 16 , ERCC 6 ) , recombination ( RAD 54 ) , transcription ( MOT 1 , ISWI , brm , BRG 1 , hBRM ) and cell cycle control ( STH 1 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The two SWI SNF 2 homologs , BRG 1 and hbrm , were found in separate complexes . ^^^ Certain cell lines completely lack BRG 1 and hbrm , indicating that they are not essential for cell viability and that the mammalian SWI SNF complex may be tailored to the needs of a differentiated cell type . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The encoded proteins closely resemble the human homologues , hBRM and BRG 1 , and the chicken homologues have therefore been termed cBRH and cBRG 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The human SNF2alpha ( or hbrm ) and SNF2beta ( or BRG 1 ) proteins have previously been shown to enhance transcriptional activation by nuclear receptors ( NRs ) in cultured human cells , and to be present in SWI / SNF complexes which are thought to be involved in control of transcription by facilitating remodelling of chromatin templates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Dual labeling failed to reveal significant colocalization of BRG 1 or hBRM proteins with RNA polymerase 2 or with nuclear speckles involved in splicing . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The BRM complex is even more highly related to the human BRG 1 and hBRM complexes , but lacks the subunit heterogeneity characteristic of these complexes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The hbrm and BRG 1 proteins , components of the human SNF / SWI complex , are phosphorylated and excluded from the condensed chromosomes during mitosis . ^^^ At the present time , three human homologues of yeast SNF / SWI proteins have been characterized : hbrm and BRG 1 , homologues of SNF2 / SWI2 , and hSNF 5 , a homologue of SNF 5 . ^^^ We show here that , during mitosis , hbrm and BRG 1 are phosphorylated and excluded from the condensed chromosomes . ^^^ In this phase of the cell cycle , the level of hbrm protein is also strongly reduced , whereas the level of BRG 1 remains constant . ^^^ The mitotic phosphorylation of hbrm and BRG 1 is found not to disrupt the association of these proteins with hSNF 5 but correlates with a decreased affinity for the nuclear structure in early M phase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Brg 1 and hBrm , which are components of human SWI / SNF ( hSWI / SNF ) complexes , were recently shown to be phosphorylated during mitosis . ^^^ Mitotic hSWI / SNF contained Brg 1 but not hBrm , and was phosphorylated on at least two subunits , hSWI 3 and Brg 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Unexpectedly , both BRG 1 and hBRM , the ATPase subunits of human SWI / SNF complexes , are capable of remodeling mono nucleosomes and nucleosomal arrays as purified proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SWI2 / SNF2 is an ATPase whose homologues , BRG 1 and hBRM , mediate cell cycle arrest ; the SNF 5 homologue , INI1 / hSNF5 , appears to be a tumour suppressor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The isolated hSWI SNF ATPase subunits BRG 1 and hBRM also have these activities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we identified the first cell line negative for the BAF 57 protein as well as a pancreatic carcinoma cell line negative for both the BRG 1 and hBRM proteins . . ^^^ We also determined the protein status of the human SWI 2 homologues , hBRM / SWI2alpha and BRG1 / SWI2beta as well as two other proteins found in human SWI / SNF complexes , BAF 180 and BAF 250 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Purification and characterization of mSin3A containing Brg 1 and hBrm chromatin remodeling complexes . ^^^ The human SWI / SNF ( hSWI / SNF ) family is composed of complexes that contain either Brg 1 or hBrm as the central ATPase ; however , these separate complexes have not been compared functionally . ^^^ Here we describe the establishment of cell lines that express epitope tagged Brg 1 and hBrm and a characterization of the complexes associated with these two ATPases . ^^^ We show that Brg 1 fractionates into two complexes that differ in activity and subunit composition , whereas hBrm is found in one complex with lower activity than the Brg 1 complexes . ^^^ We also show that the hBrm complex and one of the Brg 1 complexes contain components of the mammalian Sin 3 ( mSin 3 ) complex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Despite the presence of functional STAT 1 , IRF 1 and USF 1 , activators implicated in CIITA expression , IFN gamma did not induce CIITA in cells lacking BRG 1 and hBRM , the ATPase subunits of SWI / SNF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Co precipitation studies indicate that hOsa 1 and hOsa 2 associate with BRG 1 and hBRM through the C terminal domain of hOsa . ^^^ We define multiple domains within hBRM and BRG 1 that interact with the hOsa C terminus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SWI / SNF comprises a family of large , multisubunit complexes present in the cell , which contain one of two core ATPases required for nucleosome re positioning , BRG 1 or hBRM . ^^^ Using cells deficient in both BRG 1 and hBRM , we show that activation of one AR target promoter , prostate specific antigen ( PSA ) , requires SWI / SNF chromatin remodeling for activity . ^^^ AR stimulation on the probasin core promoter could be partially induced with BRG 1 , but hBRM strongly stimulated AR activity . ^^^ In contrast , ligand dependent activation of the estrogen receptor was equally stimulated by BRG 1 or hBRM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this work , we address how SYT interacts with hBRM and BRG 1 . ^^^ We demonstrate that the conserved N terminal SNH domain of SYT , which is also present in the oncoproteins SYT SSX , binds to both hBRM and BRG 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The SWI / SNF complexes are comprised of 8 11 stable components , even though the SWI2 / SNF2 ( BRM , BRG 1 , hBRM ) ATPase subunit alone is partially sufficient to carry out chromatin remodeling in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report here that induction of the PPARgamma activator and adipogenesis forced by overexpression of adipogenic regulatory proteins is blocked upon expression of dominant negative BRG 1 or hBRM , the ATPase subunits of distinct SWI / SNF chromatin remodeling enzymes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunocomplex analysis provides direct evidence that endogenous ARID1B is associated with SWI / SNF related complexes and indicates that p 270 and ARID1B , similar to the ATPase subunits BRG 1 and hBRM , are alternative , mutually exclusive subunits of the complexes . ^^^ Each associates with both BRG 1 and hBRM , thus increasing the number of distinct subunit combinations known to be present in cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , association of RNA polymerase 2 , TATA binding protein , histone acetyltransferases ( p 300 and CBP ) , and ATP dependent remodeling proteins ( BRG 1 and hBRM ) with IE gene promoters was observed in wild type infections but was absent or reduced in cells infected by RP 5 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have recently shown that PRMT 5 can interact with flag tagged BRG 1 and hBRM based hSWI / SNF chromatin remodelers and that both complexes can specifically methylate histones H 3 and H 4 . ^^^ Among the affected genes , we show that suppressor of tumorigenicity 7 ( ST 7 ) and nonmetastatic 23 ( NM 23 ) are direct targets of PRMT 5 containing BRG 1 and hBRM complexes . ^^^ These findings suggest that the BRG 1 and hBRM associated PRMT 5 regulates cell growth and proliferation by controlling expression of genes involved in tumor suppression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The BRG 1 and hBRM associated factor BAF 57 induces apoptosis by stimulating expression of the cylindromatosis tumor suppressor gene . ^^^ Mutation of BRG 1 , hBRM , and their associated factors , INI 1 and BAF 57 , in primary human tumors has suggested that inactivation of human SWI / SNF ( hSWI / SNF ) complexes may be involved in neoplastic transformation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SYT has a conserved N terminal domain ( SNH domain ) that interacts with the human paralog of Drosophila Brahma ( hBRM ) and Brahma related gene 1 ( BRG 1 ) chromatin remodeling proteins and a C terminal transactivating sequence rich in glutamine , proline , glycine , and tyrosine ( QPGY domain ) . ^^^ Activation is hormone dependent and requires functional hBRM and / or BRG 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The pRb protein represses gene transcription , required for transition from G 1 to S phase , by directly binding to the transactivation domain of E2F and by binding to the promoter of these genes as a complex with E2F . pRb represses transcription also by remodeling chromatin structure through interaction with proteins such as hBRM , BRG 1 , HDAC 1 and SUV39H1 , which are involved in nucleosome remodeling , histone acetylation / deacetylation and methylation , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , both brm and SNF 2 contain a 77 amino acid motif that is found in other Drosophila , yeast , and human regulatory proteins and may be characteristic of a new family of regulatory proteins . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MOT 1 , SNF 2 and BRM ) , maintenance of chromosome stability during mitosis ( e . g . lodestar ) and various aspects of processing of DNA damage , including nucleotide excision repair ( e . g . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have cloned a murine gene , brg 1 , which , like brm , encodes a member of the DEGH protein family , suggesting that brg 1 may be a DNA dependent ATPase or a helicase . brg 1 also contains a bromodomain which may be involved in transactivation . ^^^ Although the sequences of a number of mammalian genes similar to Drosophila brm have been reported , they are related to brm only within specific portions of the putative helicase region , while brg 1 is highly similar to brm throughout and outside of this region . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Drosophila brahma ( brm ) gene encodes an activator of homeotic genes that is highly related to the yeast transcriptional activator SWI 2 ( SNF 2 ) , a potential helicase . ^^^ To determine whether brm is a functional homolog of SWI 2 or merely a member of a family of SWI 2 related genes , we searched for additional Drosophila genes related to SWI 2 and examined their function in yeast cells . ^^^ In addition to brm , we identified one other Drosophila relative of SWI 2 : the closely related ISWI gene . ^^^ The 1 , 027 residue ISWI protein contains the DNA dependent ATPase domain characteristic of the SWI 2 protein family but lacks the three other domains common to brm and SWI 2 . ^^^ The DNA dependent ATPase domains of brm and SWI 2 , but not ISWI , are functionally interchangeable ; a chimeric SWI 2 brm protein partially rescued the slow growth of swi 2 cells and supported transcriptional activation mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor in vivo in yeast cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The brm and BRG 1 proteins are mutually exclusive subunits of the mammalian SWI SNF complex . ^^^ We show here that the expression of brm , but not BRG 1 , is negatively regulated by mitogenic stimulation , and that growth arrest of mouse fibroblasts leads to increased accumulation of the brm protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Within this complex , the BRM ( SNF2alpha ) and BRG 1 ( SNF2beta ) proteins are mutually exclusive subunits that are believed to affect nucleosomal structures using the energy of ATP hydrolysis . ^^^ In order to characterize possible differences in the function of BRM and BRG 1 , and to gain further insights into the role of BRM containing SWI SNF complexes , the mouse BRM gene was inactivated by homologous recombination . ^^^ BRM / mice develop normally , suggesting that an observed up regulation of the BRG 1 protein can functionally replace BRM in the SWI SNF complexes of mutant cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mll , Brg 1 and Brm are vertebrate homologues of Drosophila trithorax group ( trxG ) genes . ^^^ We isolated chicken Mll cDNA clones , and examined patterns of Mll , Brg 1 and Brm expression in chick embryos . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two different types of mammalian homolog of yeast SWI2 / SNF2 , called BRM and BRG 1 , were recently identified . ^^^ We investigated the expression of BRM and BRG 1 during differentiation of neural precursor cells ( NPCs ) cultured in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mammalian SWI / SNF complexes utilize either brahma ( Brm ) or brahma related gene 1 ( Brg 1 ) catalytic subunits to remodel nucleosomes in an ATP dependent manner . ^^^ Brm was previously shown to be dispensable , suggesting that Brm and Brg 1 are functionally redundant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To ascertain the requirement for chromatin remodeling enzymes in cellular differentiation processes , we examined MyoD mediated induction of muscle differentiation in fibroblasts expressing dominant negative versions of the human brahma related gene 1 ( BRG 1 ) or human brahma ( BRM ) , the ATPase subunits of two distinct SWI / SNF enzymes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we analyzed in early postimplantation mouse embryos the expression pattern of BRM ( SNF2alpha ) and BRG 1 ( SNF2beta ) , which are both ATPase subunits of this complex . ^^^ Contrarily to the previous studies conducted in adult mice , showing the ubiquitous and overlapping expressions of BRM and BRG 1 , we show that BRM expression is restricted to mesodermal tissues involved in early vasculogenesis and heart morphogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mammalian cells contain several chromatin remodeling complexes associated with the Brm and Brg 1 helicase like proteins . ^^^ The current review will address observations made upon inactivation of Brm , Brg 1 and SNF5 / Ini1 by homologous recombination in the mouse , as well as the possible implication of these factors in the regulation of the Retinoblastoma pRb mediated repression of the transcription factor E2F . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The majority of these mutations sorted into six complementation groups , five of which have been identified as alleles of brahma ( brm ) , moira ( mor ) osa , pointed ( pnt ) , and polycephalon ( poc ) . osa , brm , and mor encode proteins with homology to SWI 1 , SWI 2 , and SWI 3 , respectively , suggesting that the activity of a SWI / SNF chromatin remodeling complex has an important impact on E2F dependent phenotypes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mammalian SWI SNF complexes contain either of two highly conserved ATPase subunits : BRG 1 or BRM . ^^^ To identify cellular genes that require mammalian SWI SNF complexes for the activation of gene expression , we have generated cell lines that inducibly express mutant forms of the BRG 1 or BRM ATPases that are unable to bind and hydrolyze ATP . ^^^ We determined that expression of the mutant BRG 1 or BRM proteins impaired the ability of cells to activate the endogenous stress response gene hsp 70 in response to arsenite , a metabolic inhibitor , or cadmium , a heavy metal . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Compensation of BRG 1 function by Brm : insight into the role of the core SWI SNF subunits in retinoblastoma tumor suppressor signaling . ^^^ Analysis of the SWI SNF subunits in the different tumor lines revealed that A 427 are deficient for BRG 1 and its homologue , Brm , whereas RB sensitive cell lines retained Brm expression . ^^^ Similarly , the RB resistant SW 13 and C33A cell lines were also deficient for both BRG 1 / Brm . ^^^ Reintroduction of either BRG 1 or Brm into A 427 or C33A cells restored RB mediated signaling to cyclin A to cause cell cycle arrest . ^^^ We also determined that loss of these core SWI SNF subunits renders SW 13 cells resistant to activation of the RB pathway by the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin , since reintroduction of either BRG 1 or Brm into SW 13 cells restored the cisplatin DNA damage checkpoint . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retroviral gene expression was protected from silencing and maintained in Brm deficient host cells by exogenous expression of Brm but not BRG 1 , an alternative ATPase subunit in the SWI / SNF complex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Concomitant down regulation of BRM and BRG 1 in human tumor cell lines : differential effects on RB mediated growth arrest vs CD 44 expression . ^^^ Mammalian cells express two homologs of the SWI 2 subunit of the SWI / SNF chromatin remodeling complex called BRG 1 and BRM . ^^^ In this report , we show concomitant down regulation of BRG 1 and BRM in six human tumor cell lines . ^^^ We tested whether BRM could affect aberrant cellular functions attributed to BRG 1 in tumor cell lines . ^^^ Therefore , BRM may be consistently down regulated with BRG 1 during neoplastic progression because they share some redundant functions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We therefore looked more closely at how SWI / SNF enzymes affect the events that occur during MyoD induced myogenesis , namely , cell cycle regulation and muscle specific gene expression , in cells that inducibly express dominant negative versions of Brahma ( BRM ) and Brahma related gene 1 ( BRG 1 ) , the ATPase subunits of two distinct SWI / SNF complexes . ^^^ Although dominant negative BRM and BRG 1 inhibited expression of every muscle specific regulator and structural gene assayed , there was no effect on MyoD induced activation of cell cycle regulatory proteins , and thus , cells arrested normally . ^^^ In particular , in the presence or absence of dominant negative BRM or BRG 1 , MyoD was able to activate expression of p 21 , cyclin D 3 , and Rb , all of which are critical for cell cycle withdrawal in the G1 / G0 phase of the cell cycle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , Western blot data have shown that the SWI / SNF ATPase subunits cell , BRG 1 and BRM ( BRG1 / BRM ) , are lost in approximately 30 % of human non small lung cancer cell lines . ^^^ These analyses showed that 10 % of tumors show a concomitant loss of BRG 1 and BRM expression . ^^^ This report provides supportive evidence that BRG 1 and BRM act as tumor suppressor proteins and implicates a role for their loss in the development of non small cell lung cancers . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Prohibitin requires Brg 1 and Brm for the repression of E2F and cell growth . ^^^ We show here that prohibitin recruits Brg 1 / Brm to E2F responsive promoters , and that this recruitment is required for the repression of E2F mediated transcription by prohibitin . ^^^ Expression of a dominant negative Brg 1 or Brm releases prohibitin mediated repression of E2F and relieves prohibitin mediated growth suppression . ^^^ Although prohibitin associates with , and recruits , Brg 1 and Brm independently of Rb , prohibitin / Brg 1 / Brm mediated transcriptional repression requires Rb . ^^^ A viral oncoprotein , SV 40 large T antigen , can reverse prohibitin mediated suppression of E2F mediated gene transcription , and targets prohibitin through interruption of the association between prohibitin and Brg 1 / Brm without affecting the prohibitin E2F interaction . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To ascertain the requirement for SWI / SNF enzymes in muscle differentiation mediated by different MyoD family members , we examined MyoD , Myf 5 , MRF 4 , and myogenin mediated induction of muscle differentiation in cells expressing dominant negative versions of BRG 1 or BRM based SWI / SNF enzymes . ^^^ We demonstrated that expression of dominant negative BRG 1 or BRM inhibited the induction of muscle specific gene expression by Myf 5 and MRF 4 ; however , myogenin failed to induce measurable quantities of muscle specific mRNAs , even in cells not expressing dominant negative SWI / SNF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BAF53b is combinatorially assembled into polymorphic complexes with ubiquitous subunits including the two ATPases BRG 1 and BRM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SW 13 cells can transition between two distinct subtypes by switching expression of BRG 1 and Brm genes at the post transcriptional level . ^^^ The human adrenal carcinoma cell line , SW 13 , has been reported to be deficient in both BRG 1 and Brm expression and therefore is considered to lack a functional SWI / SNF complex . ^^^ We found that the original cell line of SW 13 is composed of two subtypes , one that expresses neither BRG 1 nor Brm ( SW 13 ( vim ) ) and the another , which does express both ( SW 13 ( vim+ ) ) . ^^^ The presence of BRG 1 and Brm in SW 13 correlates completely with the cellular ability to express such genes as vimentin , collagenase , c met , and CD 44 that were under the control of a transcription factor , AP 1 , which was shown previously to require a functional SWI / SNF complex for its transactivating activity . ^^^ Run on analysis indicated that , unlike these four genes driven by AP 1 , transcription of the BRG 1 and Brm genes in SW 13 ( vim ) are initiated at a frequency comparable with SW 13 ( vim+ ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transcriptional specificity of human SWI / SNF BRG 1 and BRM chromatin remodeling complexes . ^^^ Each complex contains one of two highly homologous ATPases , BRG 1 and BRM , yet little is known about their specialized functions . ^^^ BRG 1 binds to zinc finger proteins through a unique N terminal domain that is not present in BRM . ^^^ Thus , BRG 1 and BRM complexes may direct distinct cellular processes by recruitment to specific promoters through protein protein interactions that are unique to each ATPase . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this report , we show that EVI 1 physically interacts with BRG 1 and its functional homolog BRM in mammalian cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The INI1 / hSNF5 tumor suppressor is an integral component of mammalian SWI / SNF chromatin remodeling enzymes that contain SNF 2 family ATPases BRM ( Brahma ) or BRG 1 ( Brahma Related Gene 1 ) and that contribute to the regulation of many genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Many of the coprecipitating cellular proteins are known members of large cellular complexes involved in ( 1 ) DNA replication or damage repair , including RPA and MSH 6 ; ( 2 ) nonhomologous and homologous recombination , including the catalytic subunit of the DNA dependent protein kinase , Ku 86 , and Rad 50 ; and ( 3 ) chromatin remodeling , including BRG 1 , BRM , hSNF2H , BAF 155 , mSin3a , and histone deacetylase 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transcriptional co activator activity of SYT is negatively regulated by BRM and Brg 1 . ^^^ The N terminal 70 amino acids of SYT bind not only to BRM , but also to Brg 1 , both of which are subunits of SWI / SNF chromatin remodelling complexes . ^^^ Here , we have investigated the functions of BRM and Brg 1 on the repression of SYT activity . ^^^ The negative regulation of SYT transcriptional co activator activity is dependent on the ATP hydrolysis of BRM and Brg 1 in the protein complexes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nuclear signals of BRM , Ini 1 , retinoblastoma , mSin3A , HDAC 1 , and HAT 1 clustered together , whereas nuclear signals of BRG 1 , BAF 155 , HDAC 2 , BAF 170 , and RbAP 48 formed a second cluster . ^^^ Furthermore , patients whose tumors stained positive for both N BRM and nuclear BRG 1 had a 5 year survival of 72 % compared with 33 . 6 % ( P = 0 . 013 ) for those whose tumors were positive for either or negative for both markers . ^^^ These results support the notion that BRM and BRG 1 participate in two distinct chromosome remodeling complexes that are functionally complementary and that the nuclear presence of BRM , its coexpression with nuclear BRG 1 , and the altered cellular localization of BRM ( M BRM ) are useful markers for non small cell lung cancer prognosis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We demonstrate that Brahma ( Brm ) and Brahma / SWI2 related gene 1 ( Brg 1 ) , alternative ATPase subunits of SWI / SNF , potentiate reporter gene activation mediated by HIF 1 in an ATPase dependent manner . ^^^ Brm was more potent than Brg 1 in the reporter gene assays . ^^^ Simultaneous depletion of both Brm and Brg 1 by small interfering RNAs significantly compromised the transcription of the endogenous EPO gene triggered by hypoxia . ^^^ Whereas knocking down Brm alone resulted in a moderate reduction in transcription of the EPO gene , depletion of Brg 1 resulted in an augmentation of transcription of both the EPO gene and the Brm gene , indicating that Brm can compensate for loss of Brg 1 . ^^^ Chromatin immunoprecipitation ( ChIP ) and sequential ChIP ( re ChIP ) analysis showed that both Brm and Brg 1 associate with the enhancer region of the EPO gene in vivo in a hypoxia dependent fashion and that each is present in a complex with HIF 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since functions of BRG 1 and BRM , another member of SWI / SNF highly homologous to BRG 1 , may be interrelated , we also examined BRM mRNA expression in the same samples . ^^^ In most samples , the expressions of BRG 1 and BRM changed in the same direction consistent with reported data on human cancer cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of the SWI / SNF ATPase subunits BRG 1 and BRM in normal human tissues . ^^^ The SWI / SNF ATPase subunits , BRG 1 and BRM , have been shown to be lost in a subset of human cancer cell lines and human primary cancers and may represent tumor suppressor proteins . ^^^ To better understand the biology of these proteins , the authors examined the expression pattern of BRG 1 and BRM in a variety of normal tissues . ^^^ BRG 1 expression was predominantly seen in cell types that constantly undergo proliferation or self renewal ; in contrast , BRM was preferentially expressed in brain , liver , fibromuscular stroma , and endothelial cell types , cell types not constantly engaged in proliferation or self renewal . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , specifically BRG 1 but not its homologue BRM was recruited to the CYP3A4 and ZNF 185 promoters . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Brahma ( Brm ) and brahma related gene 1 ( Brg 1 ) are mammalian homologues of SWI / SNF chromatin remodeling factor subunits that can regulate both transcriptional activation and repression . ^^^ Both Brg 1 and Brm are mutated or deleted in numerous cancer cell lines , leading to the altered expression of genes that influence cell proliferation and metastasis . ^^^ Here , we find that the promoters of two such genes , CD 44 and E cadherin , are hypermethylated in cells that have lost Brg 1 or Brm . ^^^ In two carcinoma cell lines that lack functional Brg 1 and Brm , CD 44 and E cadherin expression are induced by the demethylating agent 5 aza 2 ' deoxycytidine . ^^^ Transfection with either Brg 1 or Brm also induces CD 44 and E cadherin transcription and protein expression in these cells , as well as loss of methylation at sequences in the promoters of both genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Each complex includes a single BRG 1 or Brm molecule as the catalytic subunit . ^^^ We previously reported that loss of Brm , but not BRG 1 , causes transcriptional gene silencing of murine leukemia virus based retrovirus vectors . ^^^ Treatment with HDAC inhibitors or introduction of exogenous Brm into Brm deficient cell lines significantly reduced the oncogenic potential as assessed by colony forming activity in soft agar or invasion into collagen gel , indicating that , like BRG 1 , Brm is involved in tumor suppression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Concurrently , the chromatin remodeling factor BRM is replaced by BRG 1 and histones are hyperacetylated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Animal SWI2 / SNF2 protein complexes containing either the brahma ( BRM ) or brahma related gene 1 ( BRG 1 ) ATPase are involved in nucleosome remodelling and may control the accessibility of sequence specific transcription factors to DNA . ^^^ In vitro studies have indicated that BRM and BRG 1 could regulate the expression of distinct sets of genes . ^^^ However , as mice lacking BRM are viable and fertile , BRG 1 might efficiently compensate for BRM loss . ^^^ We show that BRG 1 is selectively required for epithelial mesenchymal interactions in limb patterning , and during keratinocyte terminal differentiation , in which BRM can partially substitute for BRG 1 . ^^^ By contrast , neither BRM nor BRG 1 are essential for the proliferation and early differentiation of keratinocytes , which may require other ATP dependent nucleosome remodelling complexes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although the two proteins are very similar in structure , murine models demonstrate a clear dichotomy in BRG1 / BRM function as heterozygous loss of BRG 1 results in tumor development whereas homozygous loss of BRM does not . ^^^ BRG 1 and / or BRM protein is absent or disrupted in approximately 17 % of all human adenocarcinomas . ^^^ The mechanism ( s ) whereby loss of BRG 1 ( but apparently not BRM ) may contribute to tumor development and / or progression is / are ill defined . ^^^ In this study , we employ MiaPaCa 2 , a human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line that lacks BRM but retains BRG 1 expression to evaluate the impact of BRG 1 and BRM individually on growth and tumorigenicity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interestingly , SRG 3 coactivation of AR transactivation is fully functional in BRG1 / BRM deficient C33A cells and the AR / SRG3 / SRC 1 complex formed in vivo contains neither BRG 1 nor BRM protein , suggesting the possibility of an SRG 3 function independent of the SWI / SNF complex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mammalian chromatin remodeling factor , SWI / SNF complex contains a single molecule of either Brm or BRG 1 as the ATPase catalytic subunit . ^^^ We also demonstrate that the strong transcriptional suppression of such neuron specific genes as synaptophysin and SCG 10 by NRSF in these non neural cells requires the functional SWI / SNF complex ; these neuronal genes were elevated in cell lines deficient in both Brm and BRG 1 , whereas retrovirus vectors expressing siRNAs targeting integral components of SWI / SNF complex ( Brm / BRG1 or Ini 1 ) induced expression of these neuronal genes in SWI / SNF competent cell lines . ^^^ In cell lines deficient in both Brm and BRG 1 , exogenous Brm or BRG 1 suppressed expression of these neuronal genes in an ATP dependent manner and induced efficient and specific deacetylation of histone H 4 around the NRSF binding site present in the synaptophysin gene by a large complex containing the recruited functional SWI / SNF complex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SWI / SNF exclusively contains BRG 1 or BRM as an ATPase subunit . ^^^ In the present study , we studied the role of SWI / SNF containing BRM or BRG 1 in the expression of the liver specific tryptophan oxygenase ( TO ) and tyrosine aminotransferase genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While one of two homologous ATPases , Brg 1 [ Brm ( Brahma ) related gene 1 ] or Brm , is required for their chromatin remodelling function , less is known about how these complexes are recruited to DNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The yeast SWI 1 , SWI 2 ( SNF 2 ) , and SWI 3 genes are required for transcription of HO and INO 1 genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The SNF 2 ( SWI 2 ) , SNF 5 , and SNF 6 genes are required for transcription of many diversely regulated genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It contains a nuclear target signature and shares several blocks of similarity with the yeast recombinational repair protein RAD 54 and the nuclear factor SNF 2 ( SWI 2 ) , which is required for the transcriptional activation of a number of yeast genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SWI 1 , SWI 2 ( SNF 2 ) , SWI 3 , SNF 5 , and SNF 6 gene products play a crucial role in the regulation of transcription . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sequence specific DNA binding activators of gene transcription may be assisted by SWI 2 ( SNF 2 ) , which contains a DNA dependent ATPase domain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The yeast SNF 2 ( SWI 2 ) protein functions with SNF 5 , SNF 6 , SWI 1 , and SWI 3 in the transcriptional activation of many differently regulated genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Kinetic parameters of the ARIP 4 ATPase are similar to those of BRG 1 and SNF2h , two members of the SNF 2 like protein family , but the specific activity of ARIP 4 protein purified to > 90 % homogeneity is approximately ten times lower , being 120 molecules of ATP hydrolysed by an ARIP 4 molecule per min in contrast with approx . 1000 ATP molecules hydrolysed per min by ATP dependent chromatin remodellers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BRG 1 and BAF 155 , mammalian homologs of yeast SWI 2 and SWI 3 , respectively , are found in cyclin E complexes and are phosphorylated by cyclin E associated kinase activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P51531 and P51532	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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