| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RESULTS : Activin A and receptors ( ActR 1 , ActR IB , ActR 2 ) are transcribed in corneal fibroblasts . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ALK 5 is a TGF beta type 1 receptor , whereas ALK 2 and ALK 4 are activin type 1 receptors . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The major BMP 7 type 1 receptor observed was ALK 2 , while activin bound exclusively to ALK 4 ( ActRIB ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Activin type 1 receptors , SKR 1 and SKR 2 , were first cloned from well differentiated human hepatoma cells ( HepG 2 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Activins exert their effects by inducing heteromeric complexes of either of two different type 1 receptors , ActR 1 or ActR IB , and either of two type 2 receptors , ActR 2 or ActR IIB . ^^^ We studied the distribution of ActR 1 and ActR IB mRNAs in postimplantation mouse embryos by in situ hybridization . ^^^ ActR 1 mRNA , but not ActR IB , is expressed in blood vessels , the heart , tongue , intervertebral discs and diaphragm . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Indeed , other TGF beta and activin type 1 receptors ( TSR 1 and ActR 1 ) whose kinase domains significantly diverge from those of T beta R 1 and ActR IB do not substitute as mediators of these growth inhibitory and extracellular matrix transcriptional responses . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The effect of activin is most likely mediated through specific receptors as mRNAs encoding several forms of activin receptors , namely ActR 1 , ActR IB , ActR 2 and ActR IIB are found in the preovulatory follicles as well as in cultured granulosa luteal cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The recently cloned bone morphogenetic factor receptor type 2 ( BMPR 2 ) was compared with the ActR 2 and several type 1 receptors including ActR 1 , ActR IB , BMPR IA , BMPR IB and TbetaR 1 . ^^^ At E 15 , the expression of ActR 2 mRNA was stronger than that of BMPR 2 in the spinal cord , followed in intensity by the expression of ActR 1 , ActR IB , BMPR IA , BMPR IB and TbetaR 1 mRNA . ^^^ ActR 2 , ActR 1 , ActR IB and , weakly , TbetaR 1 were all expressed in the dentate gyrus . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| To explore the molecular cascade of odontoblast differentiation , Northern blot analyses and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction were here used to investigate the expression patterns of the genes for TGF beta superfamily members : TGF beta 1 , namely bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP ) 4 , BMP 7 , activin beta A and activin beta B , and their type 1 and type 2 receptors , namely activin receptor like kinase ( ALK ) 2 ( ActR 1 ) , ALK 3 ( BMPR IA ) , ALK 4 ( ActR IB ) , ALK 5 ( T beta R 1 ) , BMPR 2 and T beta R 2 , during differentiation of pulp cells into preodontoblasts in bovine adult pulp cell culture . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The two activin type 1 receptors previously identified , ALK 2 ( ActR 1 ) and ALK 4 ( ActR IB ) , have distinct effects on gene expression , differentiation and morphogenesis in the Xenopus animal cap assay . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Primers specific for two type 1 and two type 2 activin receptors ( ActR 1 , ActR IB , ActR 2 , and ActR IIB ) were used in polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) to amplify cDNAs prepared from granulosa luteal cells , placental tissues and isolated trophoblast cells . ^^^ PCR products with the expected sizes for ActR 1 , ActR IB , ActR 2 , and ActR IIB mRNAs were detected in freshly dissociated and 5 day cultured granulosa luteal cells ; and in trophoblast cells from both first trimester and term placentas . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The type 1 receptors examined were the TGF beta type 1 receptor ( TbetaR 1 ) , activin type 1 receptor ( ActR 1 ) , activin type IB receptor ( ActR IB ) , bone BMP type IA receptor ( BMPR IA ) , BMP type IB receptor ( BMPR IB ) , and activin receptor like kinase 1 ( ALK 1 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both type 1 and type 2 activin receptor ( ActR 1 , ActR IB and ActR 2 ) mRNA expression was also detectable in the pheochromocytoma tissues . ^^^ In contrast , the expression of ActR 1 and ActR IB mRNAs was not affected by these agents in cultured pheochromocytoma cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| When coexpressed with type 1 activin receptor ActR 1 or ActR IB in concert with type 2 receptor ActR 2 , Smad 7 efficiently reduced an early transcriptional response mediated by ActR 1 but had only a minimal effect on the response mediated by ActR IB . ^^^ In the presence of Smad 7 , overexpression of an activated form of ActR IB , but not of an activated form of ActR 1 , induced F 5 5 cells to differentiate . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we found the expression of activin type 1 receptors ( ActR 1 and ActR IB ) and type 2 receptor ( ActR 2 ) on human fetal lung fibroblasts ( HFL 1 ) by RT PCR and immunocytochemistry . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The presence of inhibin subunits ( alpha , betaA and betaB ) , activin binding protein follistatin and activin receptors ( ActR 1 , ActR IB , ActR 2 and ActR IIB ) mRNA transcripts in bovine oocytes and preimplantation embryos was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ Whereas ActR 1 transcripts were detectable in all stages , ActR IB transcripts were not detectable in oocytes or embryos except in matured oocytes . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Three of the five additional CYP 52 genes could be successfully expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and display different substrate specificities in in vitro assays with model substrates : alk 2 and alk 3 exhibit a strong preference for hexadecane , while alk 4 and alk 5 preferentially hydroxylate lauric acid . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| ALK 5 is a TGF beta type 1 receptor , ALK 2 and ALK 4 are activin type 1 receptors , and ALK 3 and ALK 6 are type 1 receptors for osteogenic protein 1 ( OP 1 ) / bone morphogenetic protein 7 ( BMP 7 ) and BMP 4 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A systematic analysis revealed that most ALKs formed heteromeric complexes with the type 2 receptors for TGF beta and activin after overexpression in COS cells ; however , among the six ALKs , only ALK 5 was a functional TGF beta type 1 receptor for activation of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 , and only ALK 2 and ALK 4 bound activin with high affinity . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression of mRNA in human tissues varied for the different ALKs ; ALK 2 and ALK 4 showed ubiquitous tissue expression patterns , whereas the distribution of ALK 1 and ALK 3 varied strongly between different tissues with more restricted expression patterns . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Molecular cloning has yielded genes encoding two type 2 receptors ( ActRII and ActRIIB ) and at least two type 1 receptors ( ALK 2 and ALK 4 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We analyzed poly ( A ) + RNA from rat incisor pulp and bovine adult pulp by reverse transcriptase / polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) , using a degenerate primers corresponding to the most conserved amino acid sequences in the intracellular serine / threonine kinase of type 1 or type 2 like kinase 1 ( ALK 1 ) , ALK 2 , ALK 3 ( bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IA , BMPR IA ) , ALK 4 ( B 1 ) , ALK 5 , ALK 6 ( BMPR IB ) , and BMPR 2 ( BMP type 2 receptor ) was found to be in dental pulp . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The ALK 2 and ALK 4 activin receptors transduce distinct mesoderm inducing signals during early Xenopus development but do not co operate to establish thresholds . ^^^ In this paper we investigate whether this threshold phenomenon involves the differential effects of the two type 1 activin receptors ALK 2 and ALK 4 . ^^^ Injection of RNA encoding constitutively active forms of the receptors ( here designated ALK 2 * and ALK 4 * ) reveals that ALK 4 * strongly induces the more posterior mesodermal marker Xbra and the dorsoanterior marker goosecoid in animal cap explants . ^^^ Consistent with these observations , ALK 4 * is capable of inducing a secondary axis when injected into the ventral side of 32 cell stage embryos whilst ALK 2 * can not . ^^^ Co injection of RNAs encoding constitutively active forms of both receptors reveals that ventralising signals from ALK 2 * antagonise the dorsal mesoderm inducing signal derived from ALK 4 * , suggesting that the two receptors use distinct and interfering signalling pathways . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Smad 8 can be specifically phosphorylated by a constitutively active ALK 2 but not the related receptor serine kinase , ALK 4 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Activin A bound to ActR IB / ALK 4 and ActR 2 , and BMP 7 bound to ActR I / ALK 2 , BMP type 1 receptor ( BMPR 1 ) / ALK 3 , ActR 2 and BMPR 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Analysis in native tissues from 12 normal thyroids , 16 goiters , and 5 Graves thyroids demonstrated mRNA expression of the activin subunit betaA , TGFbeta receptor type 1 and 2 , activin receptors type 1 receptors alk 2 and alk 4 , and activin type 2 receptors actRII and actRIIb . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) demonstrated the presence of various BMPs ( BMP 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , and 8A and 8B ) , BMP type 1 and 2 receptors ( ALK 2 , ALK 3 , ALK 4 , BMPR 2 , and ActR IIA and IIB ) , BMP antagonists ( DAN , gremlin , chordin , cerberus , noggin , and tsg ) , and Smads 1 8 . mRNA expression of these genes did not change during differentiation , except for BMP 3 , BMP 8a , and noggin . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We demonstrate that this compound selectively and concentration dependently inhibits ALK 4 , ALK 5 , and ALK 7 dependent activation of downstream cytoplasmic signal transducers , Smad 2 and Smad 3 , and of TGF beta induced mitogen activated protein kinase pathway components but does not alter ALK 1 , ALK 2 , ALK 3 or ALK 6 induced Smad signaling . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Using Northern blots , we have shown that the levels of ALK 2 , ALK 4 and ActRIIB mRNA were significantly higher before the preovulatory surge and during the secondary surge of FSH as compared with both during the preovulatory surge and the luteal phase , whereas the level of the ActRIIA mRNA was similar throughout the oestrous cycle . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Suppression of skr 1 or skr 2 genes by double stranded RNA interference resulted in embryonic death , whereas that of skr 7 , 8 , 9 , or 10 was associated with slow growth and morphological abnormalities . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OMA 1 proteolysis also depends on Cyclin B 3 and on a ZIF 1 independent CUL 2 based E 3 ubiquitin ligase complex , as well as the CUL 2 interacting protein ZYG 11 and the Skp 1 related proteins SKR 1 and SKR 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Furthermore , actRI , actRII and actRIIb were expressed in all cell lines and actRIb mRNA was evident in ASPC 1 , CAPAN 1 , COLO 357 and PANC 1 cells . ^^^ Pancreatic cancer tissues also markedly over expressed actRI , actRIb and actRII . ^^^ By in situ hybridization , activin / inhibin betaA , actRI , actRIb and actRII were strongly expressed in diffuse infiltrative and duct like cancer cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In this study , we established stable transfectants expressing two types of activin receptors , ActRI and ActRIB , to clarify the role of these receptors in activin signalling for growth inhibition in HS 72 mouse B cell hybridoma cells . ^^^ These results indicate that ActRI and ActRIB are distinct from each other and that the ActRI / ActRIB expression ratio could regulate cell cycle arrest in the G 1 phase and subsequent apoptosis in HS 72 cells induced by activin A . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The mRNAs of four activin receptors ( ActRI , ActRIB , ActRII , and ActRIIB ) were also detected in the peritoneal macrophages , and the mRNA levels , except for ActRIB , were decreased during the LPS treatment . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| RT PCR revealed that cultured chondrocytes expressed mRNAs of inhibin / activin betaA and four activin receptors ( two type 1 ( ActRI and ActRIB ) and two type 2 ( ActRII and ActRIIB ) ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: P36896 and Q04771 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|