Pubmed abstracts for Protein-Protein Interaction search result :

Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.81731748
On the other hand , a variety of evidence indicates that the IGF IIR binds mannose 6 phosphate ( man6P ) with high affinity probably at a receptor extracellular region different from the IGF 2 binding site . 0.81731748^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.57445683
Detailed receptor assays performed on microsomal and plasma membranes gave evidence that 125I IGF 2 binds with high affinity ( 70 80 pM ) to the IGF 1 receptor and with low affinity ( 2 4 nM ) to the IGF 2 receptor , and not conversely . 0.57445683^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.75353546
While IGF2R binds IGF 2 with high affinity , it also serves as a cell surface receptor for many other proteins relevant to breast cancer biology . 0.75353546^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.59104426
In a recent study however it was shown that the fish embryo MPR 300 binds human IGF 2 . [ Mendez , E . , Planas , J . 0.59104426^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Opposite imprinting of the mouse Igf 2 and Igf2r genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Scatchard analysis of the binding data revealed a single class of IGF 2 receptor with high affinity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Signal transduction mechanism of the IGF 2 receptor ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The specificity of the human IGF 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effect of IGF 2 is proportional to the IGF 2 receptor concentration . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Further , an antibody against the rat IGF 2 receptor did not block binding of iodo [ Thr 59 ] IGF 1 to the median eminence . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 1 showed no affinity for the IGF 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast resting T lymphocytes demonstrate little or no IGF 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Neutral and slightly acidic peaks of IGF 2 receptor reactivity were observed in human , cow , and guinea pig serum . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 1 displayed 10 % crossreactivity over the IGF 2 receptor but insulin did not crossreact at all . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A single IGF 2 receptor was found on liver and no alteration was observed during development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both IGF 1 and IGF 2 receptor mRNAs were most abundant in the germinal epithelium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chronic peripheral hyperinsulinemia induced by a variety of mechanisms fails to alter hypothalamic IGF 2 receptor binding . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Insulin and IGF 2 receptor binding were increased in the intestine two days after surgery and prior to increased cell mass . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Okadaic acid stimulates IGF 2 receptor translocation and inhibits insulin action in adipocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The M6PR in birds and frogs does not bind IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ratio of potency of IGF I / IGF 2 was 1 : 5 for the IGF 1 receptor and 100 : 1 for the IGF 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Similar expression patterns of the mRNA encoding IGF 1 receptor and IGF 2 receptor were observed . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The link between imprinting and growth regulation is best exemplified by the Igf 2 and Igf2r genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 1 and IGF 2 receptor binding to the small intestine is higher in newborn animals and decreases with age . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The PWD / Ph genes can rescue the lethal effect of lack of the Igf 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 2 and IGF IIR are largely unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tumor suppressor gene IGF 2 receptor ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The meninges of the spinal cord also seemed to express IGF 2 receptor immunoreactivity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The IGF 2 receptor is a USF 2 specific target in nontumorigenic mammary epithelial cells but not in breast cancer cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mouse IGF 2 receptor ( Igf2r ) and its antisense transcript Air are reciprocally imprinted in most normal tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The levels of IGF 2 receptor ( IGF IIR ) mRNA decreased for 6 days and then increased 10 days after the EBr injection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using a photoaffinity agent , the molecular target has been identified as TIP 47 , an IGF 2 receptor binding protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There was no statistical difference between the two groups for IGF 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Comparative analysis of the IGF 2 domain binding the mannose 6 phosphate IGF 2 receptor ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of stimulation G protein subunit coupling by using active insulin like growth factor 2 receptor peptide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SacI RFLP in the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor gene ( IGF2R ) on human chromosome 6q . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Genomic imprinting and the strange case of the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Purification and immunological characterization of the rat liver insulin like growth factor 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stimulation of insulin like growth factor 2 receptor binding and insulin receptor kinase activity in rat adipocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Purification of an insulin like growth factor 2 receptor from rat chondrosarcoma cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MPR 300 has an additional function in clearing the nonglycosylated insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGFII ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Microsatellite instability in the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor gene in gastrointestinal tumours . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MI in the BAX and insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( IGF IIR ) genes were also examined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Linkage between the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( IGF2R ) gene and the tissue overgrowth was also excluded . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The actions of the IGFs are mediated through their activation of specific cell surface receptors , primarily the IGF 1 receptor , although some effects may be mediated through the IGF 2 receptor and the insulin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The formation of the [ 125I ] IGF 2 receptor complex was inhibited by incubation with IGF 2 and IgG 3637 but not by insulin or nonimmune IgG . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A specific function of the IGF 2 receptor in mediating IGF 2 responses has not been defined . ^^^ We demonstrate that IGF 2 and [ Leu 27 ] IGF 2 , an analog selective for the IGF 2 receptor , stimulate motility at concentrations in which they interact only with their own receptor . ^^^ An antibody that blocks the IGF 1 receptor does not inhibit either peptide activity , while an antibody specific for the IGF 2 receptor suppresses the IGF 2 induced motility . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Exogenous IGF 2 or IGF 1 increased the cell number in cultured blastocysts , but a mutant form of IGF 2 that strongly binds only the IGF 2 receptor did not . ^^^ Preimplantation parthenogenetic mouse embryos expressed mRNA for the IGF 2 receptor but not for either IGF 2 ligand or the IGF 1 receptor , indicating that the latter genes are not expressed when inherited maternally . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Polymyxin B inhibits insulin induced glucose transporter and IGF 2 receptor translocation in isolated adipocytes . ^^^ Our results suggest that polymyxin B was interfering with the exocytotic process of the Glut 4 and IGF 2 receptor containing vesicles , perhaps at the fusion step between vesicles and plasma membranes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Preferential binding of insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) to a putative alpha 2 beta 2 IGF 2 receptor type in C 2 myoblasts . ^^^ It emerges from these experiments that C 2 cells express a putative alpha 2 beta 2 IGF 2 receptor structurally related to the insulin / IGF 1 receptor family . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Proliferation of the most differentiated T ALL Jurkat and JMP was inhibited only by alpha IR 3 and 2C2 , an antibody directed against the IGF 2 receptor , suggesting that IGF 1 or IGF 2 acting via the IGF 1 receptor or IGF 2 receptor may be involved in proliferation of these cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blot technique was used to detect the expression of gene products of IGF 2 and IGF 2 receptor as well as CSF 1 receptor in hepatocellular carcinoma and its adjacent nontumours liver tissue . ^^^ IGF 2 receptor was expressed in 260 KD and 230 KD with mature and immature forms , and CSF 1 receptor in 180 KD , 139KD and 122KD with different forms . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sheep plasma differed , however , in two major respects from fibroblast conditioned media : First , fetal , and to a far lesser extent maternal , plasma contained a 200 kDa IGF 2 selective BP , likely to be the circulating form of the IGF 2 receptor ; and second , plasma , unlike conditioned media , contained a 26 kDa IGFBP , likely to be oIGFBP 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , IGF 2 receptor transcripts were mainly present in neuron rich areas such as the hippocampus , with a lower signal present in the choroid plexus and meninges . ^^^ Specific IGF 2 receptor immunoreactivity was present in neurons throughout the forebrain , with the highest intensity in the pyramidal cell and polymorphic layers of the hippocampus and the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interactions of pro cathepsin D and IGF 2 on the mannose 6 phosphate / IGF 2 receptor . ^^^ The mannose 6 phosphate ( Man 6P ) / IGF 2 receptor is a multifunctional receptor which binds with a high affinity on distinct sites two strikingly different classes of ligands : IGF 2 , and Man 6P bearing molecules such as lysosomal enzymes or other biologically relevant ligands ( TGF beta precursor , EGF receptor , proliferin . . . ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The IGFs act through two types of specific membrane receptors : the so called `` type 1 ' ' or IGF 1 receptor , and the `` type 2 ' ' or IGF 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , mediation via the IGF 2 receptor is not excluded since IGF 1 stimulates compaction when there is evidence for only the presence of the IGF 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results coupled with the previously demonstrated presence and expression of the IGF 2 receptor from the 2 cell stage supports a role for this third member of the insulin gene family in early development . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In reconstituted IGF IIR Gi 2 vesicles , peptide 9 blocked the G protein stimulation by IGF 2 with a potency similar to that observed in the action of peptide 9 on peptide 14 ; and peptide 9 induced inhibition was also observed in IGF IIR Gi 1 vesicles . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Other proteins that specifically bind the IGFs include the plasma membrane IGF 2 receptor , which also binds lysosomal hydrolases , and several IGF binding proteins which may serve to modulate IGF interactions with receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 2 receptor content was measured by Western analysis . ^^^ The IGF 2 receptor was also up regulated in placentas from antibody treated mothers . ^^^ In addition , the concentration of the IGF 2 receptor in liver of antibody treated fetuses was also increased . ^^^ Further , pooled fetal sera from antibody treated fetuses had higher levels of IGF 2 than controls ( A , 950 ng / ml ; C , 700 ng / ml ) , and the circulating IGF 2 receptor was increased as measured by Western analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A specific IGF 2 receptor antiserum was used to reveal the presence of IGF 2 receptors during preimplantation development of mice . ^^^ These observations confirm reports of the expression of IGF 2 receptor mRNA as early as the 2 cell stage and refine similar observations in blastocysts to confirm expression in both the TE and ICM . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Distinct mode of G protein activation due to single residue substitution of active IGF 2 receptor peptide Arg 2410 Lys2423 : evidence for stimulation acceptor region other than C terminus of Gi alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In three estrogen receptor positive cell lines ( MCF 7 , T47D , and ZR 75 1 ) , estradiol specifically decreased the steady state level of the Man 6 P / IGF 2 receptor protein and mRNA . ^^^ Moreover , in different cell lines and in primary culture of normal mammary cells , the secretion of procathepsin D was inversely correlated with the level of Man 6 P / IGF 2 receptor protein and mRNA . ^^^ We conclude that estradiol down regulates the Man 6 P / IGF 2 receptor in breast cancer cells . ^^^ Since two of its ligands , procathepsin D and IGF 2 , are induced by estrogen , we propose that the Man 6 P / IGF 2 receptor becomes saturated after estrogen treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study demonstrated species differences in IGF 1 and IGF 2 receptor binding and localization in the hippocampus of the rat and mouse . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mannose 6 phosphate ( Man 6 P ) / IGF 2 receptor ( Mr 250 , 000 ) binds IGF 2 with a KD of 0 . 5 nM and IGF 1 with 100 times lower affinity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When an IGF 2 receptor antibody was added to the cells it mimicked the effects of IGF 2 on B 104 cells , suggesting that the inhibitory effects of IGF 2 are mediated through the type 2 IGF receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With the ligand blot analysis , [ 125I ] IGF 2 shows bands at 300 , 175 and 46 / 43 kilodaltons probably representing IGF 2 receptor and IGFBP 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 2 binds to two receptors on the surface of many cell types : the IGF 1 receptor and the mannose 6 phosphate ( Man 6 P ) / IGF 2 receptor . ^^^ The Man 6 P / IGF 2 receptor is involved in endocytosis of lysosomal enzymes and IGF 2 . ^^^ We have studied rat brain neuronal precursor cells where Man 6 P acted as a mitogen suggesting that phosphomannosylated proteins may act as growth factors via the Man 6 P / IGF 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the mechanism by which dephosphorylation competence is regulated , the dephosphorylation of individual acid hydrolases was studied in Man 6 P / IGF 2 receptor positive and deficient cell lines . 125I labeled Man 6 P containing acid hydrolases were proteolytically processed but remained phosphorylated when endocytosed by receptor positive L cells maintained in the absence of serum ; after the addition of serum , however , the cell associated hydrolases were dephosphorylated . ^^^ In contrast , the same hydrolases were dephosphorylated equally and completely after entry into Man 6 P / IGF 2 receptor positive Chinese hamster ovary ( CHO ) cells . ^^^ The dephosphorylation competence of Man 6 P / IGF 2 receptor deficient mouse J 774 cells was more limited . beta Glucuronidase produced by these cells underwent a limited dephosphorylation in transit to lysosomes such that diphosphorylated oligosaccharides were converted to monophosphorylated species . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Man 6 P stimulated [ 125I ] IGF 2 receptor cross linking in H 35 hepatoma membranes by about 80 % , even at concentrations of labeled IGF 2 ( greater than or equal to 10 nM ) that nearly saturated the receptors . ^^^ Thus , in addition to its effect on IGF 2 binding affinity , Man 6 P caused a 1 . 5 to 2 fold increase in cross linking efficiency within the IGF 2 receptor complex . ^^^ Washing membranes before assay with either Man 6 P ( pH 7 . 4 ) or 0 . 5 M NaCl ( pH 4 . 5 ) reduced the subsequent Man 6 P enhancement of [ 125I ] IGF 2 receptor cross linking , suggesting that this phenomenon was actually due to displacement of inhibitory phosphomannosyl ligands bound endogenously to the Man 6 P sites of the receptor . ^^^ In support of this hypothesis , Man 6 P produced a minimal ( 8 14 % ) enhancement of [ 125I ] IGF 2 receptor cross linking in membranes from 1 cell fibroblasts lacking such phosphomannosyl ligands . ^^^ Thus , phosphomannosyl ligands bound to the IGF II / Man 6 P receptor decrease both IGF 2 binding affinity and IGF 2 receptor cross linking efficiency . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The chick embryo fibroblast cation independent mannose 6 phosphate receptor is functional and immunologically related to the mammalian insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) / man 6 P receptor but does not bind IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The specific anti IGF 2 receptor antibody , R 2 PAB 1 , blocked the specific [ 125I ] IGF 2 binding to uterine membranes in a dose dependent manner . ^^^ The characteristics of uterine IGF 2 receptor are similar to those reported for other tissues , with a single class of high affinity binding sites with an apparent dissociation constant of 1 . 2 + / 0 . 5 nmol / l and Beta max of 2 . 65 + / 0 . 41 pmol / mg protein . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results show that important functions of the Man 6 P / IGF 2 receptor such as binding and internalization of ligands can be up regulated by the ligands of this receptor and other growth factors such as IGF 1 through redistribution of the receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In BALB / c 3T3 cells pretreated with platelet derived growth factor ( PDGF ) and epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) ( primed competent cells ) , insulin like growth factors 1 and 2 ( IGF 1 and IGF 2 ) bind to their own receptors ( IGF IR and IGF IIR ) and stimulate calcium influx and DNA synthesis by a mechanism involving a 40 kDa pertussis toxin substrate . ^^^ Whereas IGF 2 did not alter pertussis toxin catalyzed ADP ribosylation of Gi 2 alpha in quiescent cells , IGF 2 reduced the pertussis toxin substrate activity by 35 50 % via the IGF IIR in primed competent cells . ^^^ These results suggest that the signaling pathway triggered by IGF 2 is uncoupled between the IGF IIR and Gi 2 alpha in quiescent cells and that PDGF and EGF restore the IGF IIR Gi 2 coupling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Developmentally , IGF 2 levels fell postnatally in most tissues , a pattern similar to that of IGF 2 mRNA and IGF 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 2 produced by metanephroi was active in an IGF 2 biological assay system and addition of anti IGF 2 receptor antibodies to organ cultures prevented growth and development , consistent with the action of IGF 2 in metanephroi being mediated via the IGF 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , mannose 6 phosphate enhanced binding by both 125I IGF 1 and 125I IGF 2 at Mr 240 , 000 , and antibody to the rat IGF 2 receptor prevented binding only at this location . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Some mesodermally derived tissues , such as bone , also demonstrate transient expression of IGF 2 receptor during fetal development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Through the use of 0 . 5 mM disuccinimidyl suberate , 125I IGF 2 is cross linked to a 260 kDa protein that is identified as the IGF 2 receptor by displacement experiments with unlabeled IGF 2 , IGF 1 , and insulin and either by immunoprecipitation or by Western blot analysis with mannose 6 phosphate receptor antibodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In hepatocytes from sham operated or hepatectomized rats transforming growth factor beta totally blocked DNA synthesis , but had no effect on elevated IGF 2 receptor levels after partial hepatectomy . ^^^ Concomitant with increased IGF 2 receptor levels , hepatocytes from hepatectomized rats were more sensitive to IGF 2 stimulation of DNA synthesis . [ 3H ] Thymidine incorporation in the presence of epidermal growth factor ( 50 ng / ml ) was stimulated 66 % by IGF 2 ( 300 ng / ml ) in control cells compared with 220 % in cells from hepatectomized animals . ^^^ These results suggest that IGF 2 and the IGF 2 receptor may play a role in liver regeneration . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the presence of phorbol myristate acetate ( PMA ) , an activator of PKC and analog of diacylglycerol , IGF 2 receptor number increased in the plasma membrane by 60 % without changes in the binding affinity . ^^^ The effect of PMA on IGF 2 receptor recycling correlated with its stimulation of PKC activity . ^^^ Furthermore , after down regulation of cellular PKC levels by preincubation with PMA , PMA was unable to activate residual PKC activity in the membranous pool or increase IGF 2 receptor number at the cell surface . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mannose 6 phosphate , which binds to the IGF 2 receptor , did not alter the binding or internalization of IGF 2 . ^^^ It is concluded that IGF 1 and IGF 2 can exert their biological effects in chromaffin cells by activation of the IGF 1 receptor tyrosine kinase or by interaction with the IGF 2 receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Electrophoresis after affinity cross linking of labeled cells demonstrated that the enhancement in radioactivity could be located at a molecular size of approximately 250 kDa , corresponding to IGF 2 receptor complexes . ^^^ Finally , pretreatment with cycloheximide for up to 8 h , to remove all newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes bound to the M6P / IGF 2 receptor , did not affect IGF 2 endocytosis beyond what could be accounted for by some loss of receptor , suggesting that the observed effect of M6P is due to the binding of M6P itself to the receptor and not to displacement of lysosomal enzymes . ^^^ We conclude that simultaneous occupancy of the M6P / IGF 2 receptor by ligands on both binding sites enhances its rate of endocytosis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The rat insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) receptor develops transmembrane signaling functions by directly coupling to a guanine nucleotide binding protein ( G protein ) having a 40 kDa alpha subunit , Gi 2 , whereas recent studies have indicated that the IGF 2 receptor is a molecule identical to the cation independent mannose 6 phosphate receptor ( CI MPR ) , a receptor implicated in lysosomal enzyme sorting . ^^^ In this study , by using vesicles reconstituted with the clonal human CI MPR and G proteins , we indicated that the CI MPR could stimulate guanosine 5 ' O ( 3 thiotriphosphate ) ( GTP gamma S ) binding and GTPase activities of Gi proteins in response to IGF 2 . ^^^ The stimulatory effect of IGF 2 on Gi 2 depended on the reconstituted amount of the CI MPR ; it could not be found in vesicles reconstituted with Gi 2 alone ; and it was also observed on Gi 1 reconstituted with the CI MPR in phospholipid vesicles . ^^^ Instead , however , Man 6 P dose dependently inhibited IGF 2 induced Gi 2 activation with an IC 50 of 6 microM in vesicles reconstituted with the CI MPR and Gi 2 . ^^^ These results indicate that the human CI MPR has two distinct signaling functions that positively or negatively regulate the activity of Gi 2 in response to the binding of IGF 2 or Man 6 P . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study examined the effect of two thirds hepatectomy on rat liver insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) receptors and IGF 2 receptor messenger RNA ( mRNA ) levels . ^^^ IGF 2 receptor levels were determined in liver plasma membrane and Golgi / endosome fractions from sham operated and hepatectomized rats by ligand binding and immunoblotting after electrophoresis . ^^^ The 9 kilobase mRNA for IGF 2 receptor , determined by slot blotting with a complementary DNA probe , increased 2 . 5 fold within 24 h of surgery , attaining a maximum stimulation of 4 fold at 48 h , and then decreasing to normal levels by 120 h . ^^^ This is followed by an increase of IGF 2 receptor mRNA and increased receptor synthesis , resulting in an increase in total cellular receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Similarly , IGF 2 receptor mRNA levels and IGF 2 binding were significantly increased in the diabetic kidney . ^^^ IGF 1 and IGF 2 receptor mRNA levels and IGF 1 and IGF 2 binding returned to control values after insulin treatment . ^^^ Increased IGF 2 receptor expression in the diabetic kidney may be important for the intracellular transport and packaging of lysosomal enzymes , although a role for this receptor in signal transduction can not be excluded . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Some of the biological actions of insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) , a mitogenic polypeptide closely related to insulin , may be mediated by the IGF 2 receptor . ^^^ This increase in binding in regenerating liver was shown to be associated with an increase in the concentration of IGF 2 receptor protein by means of Western blot analysis using a polyclonal anti IGF II / M 6 P receptor antiserum ( 3637 ) . ^^^ Five and 10 days postsurgery , the levels of IGF 2 receptor mRNA were markedly reduced , and they were even lower than the levels in control livers . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 2 receptor phosphorylation proceeded to a stoichiometry of approximately 0 . 5 mol of phosphate / IGF 2 binding site after 10 min of incubation at 4 degrees C . ^^^ Addition of IGF 2 caused an approximately 2 fold increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of the IGF 2 receptor in this preparation . ^^^ Incubation of purified receptor immobilized on IGF 2 agarose or of receptor enriched low density microsomal membranes with [ gamma 32P ] ATP did not result in appreciable incorporation of [ 32P ] phosphate into the IGF 2 receptor nor into exogenous substrates . ^^^ These data suggest that the IGF 2 receptor is not a tyrosine protein kinase capable of autophosphorylation but that it is a substrate for a tyrosine protein kinase endogenous to the adipocyte plasma membrane . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Pentamannose 6 phosphate / trilysine substituted aprotinin ( PMP lys aprotinin ) and insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) were used as affinity ligands for the mannose 6 phosphate ( M6P ) and IGF 2 binding sites of the M6P / IGF 2 receptor . ^^^ From these mixtures [ 125I ] IGF 2 receptor complexes could be precipitated with antibodies against the PMP BSA indicating that the M6P / IGF 2 receptor can bind simultaneously IGF 2 and M6P containing ligands . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This factor is reactive to the IGF 2 receptor and partially cross reacts with an antibody to IGF 2 ; it accounted for the mildly elevated levels of serum IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Notable IGF 2 receptor immunoreactivity was found in retinal pigment epithelium ( RPE ) , with intermediate levels in choroid , low levels in the inner and outer plexiform layers and outer nuclear layer , and very low levels in other regions . ^^^ Autoradiographic localization using [ 125I ] IGF 2 confirmed the IGF 2 receptor immunohistochemistry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated IGF 2 expression and IGF 2 receptor distribution during normal ocular development in the mouse fetus using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present studies , the IGF 2 receptor is shown to mediate the stimulation of glycogen synthesis in human hepatoma cells since : ( 1 ) IGF 2 is found to be capable of stimulating a response at concentrations in which it would primarily interact with its own receptor ; ( 2 ) the response to IGF 2 was not blocked by monoclonal antibodies which inhibit the responses of cells through the insulin and IGF 1 receptors ; and ( 3 ) polyclonal antibodies to the IGF 2 receptor were found to mimic the ability of IGF 2 to stimulate glycogen synthesis . ^^^ These results indicate that the IGF 2 receptor mediates a particular biological response stimulation of glycogen synthesis in hepatoma cells . ^^^ Furthermore , a monovalent Fab fragment of the polyclonal antibody to the IGF 2 receptor was also shown to stimulate glycogen synthesis in these cells . ^^^ These data indicate that clustering of the IGF 2 receptor is not required to stimulate a biological response . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The gene for insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) receptor ( IGF2R ) that has recently been found , by DNA sequencing , to be identical to the cation independent mannose 6 phosphate receptor ( CIM6PR ) has been mapped in the human and murine species . ^^^ The CIM6PR / IGF2R locus in man is asyntenic with the genes encoding IGF 2 ( IGF 2 ) , the IGF 1 receptor ( IGF1R ) , and the cation dependent mannose 6 phosphate receptor ( CDM6PR ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A fourfold increase in IGF 2 receptor concentration was observed . ^^^ These findings indicate enhanced expression of the IGF 2 receptor in glioblastoma . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In myoblasts , the effects of the two IGFs appeared to be in part mediated by the IGF 1 receptor and in part mediated by either the IGF 2 receptor or another type of IGF 1 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have evaluated the affinity of five different IGF 1 preparations ( three natural IGF 1 preparations , one synthetic preparation , and one recombinant DNA derived ) for the IGF 2 receptor in rat placental membranes , 18 54 , SF cells and BRL 3A cells . ^^^ In all tissues tested , the natural IGF 1 preparations demonstrated an affinity for the IGF 2 receptor which was 10 20 % that of IGF 2 . ^^^ These results demonstrate that IGF 1 purified from human plasma has a different affinity for the IGF 2 receptor than does synthetic or recombinant IGF 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have characterized the IGF 2 receptor in rat liver microsomal membranes , both in the intact membrane and in a solubilized extract . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The structural and biochemical features of the IGF 2 receptor appear identical to those of the cation independent mannose 6 phosphate receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) receptor from rat brain is of lower apparent molecular weight than the IGF 2 receptor from rat liver . ^^^ We have compared the IGF 2 receptor from rat brain and rat liver . ^^^ We conclude that in rat brain tissue the IGF 2 receptor like the binding subunits of the insulin and IGF 1 receptors is of lower molecular size than the corresponding receptors in rat liver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cross linking was inhibited by unlabeled IGF and insulin , but not by antibody directed against the IGF 2 receptor . ^^^ This band , which migrated with an approximately equivalent Mr in both brain and BBB membranes , was inhibited by unlabeled IGF and by antibody specific for the IGF 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Scatchard analysis of IGF 2 binding as well as the specific binding of an anti IGF 2 receptor antibody demonstrated that the loss of IGF 2 binding in the insulin stimulated chloroquine treated adipocytes was due to a decrease in the number of cell surface IGF 2 receptors , whereas the total number of cellular IGF 2 receptors was unaltered . ^^^ These results suggest that 1 ) insulin induces a constitutive , acidotropic agent sensitive recycling of IGF 2 receptor and 2 ) the glucose transporter and IGF 2 receptor do not share the same insulin regulated intracellular trafficking pathways . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , mannose 6 phosphate was found to stimulate the binding of labeled IGF 2 to the IGF 2 receptor by two fold . ^^^ Recently , the sequence of the human receptor for insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) was found to be 80 % identical [ Morgan et al . , ( 1987 ) Nature 329 , 301 307 ] to the sequence of a partial clone of the bovine cation independent mannose 6 phosphate receptor [ Lobel et al . , ( 1987 ) Proc . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We conclude that the cation independent mannose 6 phosphate receptor and the IGF 2 receptor are the same protein . . ^^^ The bovine cation independent mannose 6 phosphate receptor ( CI MPR ) and the human insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) receptor have recently been shown to be 80 % identical in their amino acid sequences as deduced from cDNA clones ( Morgan , D . ^^^ We have studied the binding of IGF 2 to affinity purified CI MPR in order to obtain direct evidence that the same protein binds mannose 6 phosphate containing ligands and IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Casein kinase 2 was the only kinase capable of catalyzing the phosphorylation of the IGF 2 receptor on serine and threonine residues under the conditions of our assay . ^^^ Bidimensional peptide mapping revealed that the kinase catalyzed phosphorylation of the IGF 2 receptor on a tryptic phosphopeptide which comigrated with the main tryptic phosphopeptide found in receptors obtained from cells labeled in vivo with [ 32P ] phosphate . ^^^ Thus , the insulin regulated phosphorylation sites on the IGF 2 receptor appear to serve as substrates in vivo for casein kinase 2 or an enzyme with similar substrate specificity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Amino acid sequences deduced from rat complementary DNA clones encoding the insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) receptor closely resemble those of the bovine cation independent mannose 6 phosphate receptor ( Man 6 P receptorCI ) , suggesting they are identical structures . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is now shown that IGF 2 receptor phosphorylation in vitro , in plasma membranes derived from insulin treated cells , is markedly decreased compared with the phosphorylation of the receptor in membranes from control cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In lung , IGF 2 receptor immunostaining was seen in the alveoli and around the bronchioles . ^^^ Localization of IGF 2 receptor to cells of known function in different tissues will help elucidate the role of this ligand receptor system in regulating growth and metabolism . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To confirm that the binding of [ 125I ] IGF 2 was to IGF 2 receptors , we showed that antibodies specific for the IGF 2 receptor inhibited the binding of labeled IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Insulin stimulates 125I insulin like growth factor 2 degradation by modulating the IGF 2 receptor recycling process . ^^^ The steady state level of cell surface IGF 2 receptors in the presence or absence of IGF 2 , measured by the binding of anti IGF 2 receptor antibody to cells , remains constant under these conditions , demonstrating that IGF 2 receptors rapidly recycle back to the cell surface at the same rate as receptor internalization . ^^^ Using the above methodology , it is shown that acute insulin action : 1 ) increases the steady state number of cell surface IGF 2 receptors ; 2 ) increases the number of ligand bound IGF 2 receptors that are internalized per unit of time , as evidenced by a large increase in the photolabeling of intracellular membrane IGF 2 receptors when cells are incubated at 37 degrees C with insulin and 4 azidobenzoyl 125I IGF 2 prior to photoactivation ; and 3 ) increases the rate of cellular 125I IGF 2 degradation by a process that is blocked by anti IGF 2 receptor antibody . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No evidence was obtained for the presence of O linked oligosaccharides on the IGF 2 receptor . ^^^ In summary , these studies show : 1 ) that the H 35 cell IGF 2 receptor is synthesized first as a 245 kDa precursor having 4 6 high mannose oligosaccharide side chains , 2 ) processing of the receptor oligosaccharides by mannose removal and terminal sialylation converts the 245 kDa precursor to the 250 kDa mature product which has been previously identified as the functional receptor in the plasma membrane , 3 ) the apparent molecular mass of the receptor in the absence of N glycosylation is 232 kDa , and 4 ) glycosylation of the IGF 2 receptor is required for the acquisition of IGF 2 binding activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The IGF 2 receptor could be labeled to constant specific activity by incubating adipocytes with [ 32P ] phosphate for 2 hr . ^^^ These data indicate that insulin inhibits one or more IGF 2 receptor kinases or increases phosphatase activity , or both . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Unlabeled insulin competed poorly for the IGF 1 receptor , requiring 5000 ng / ml ( 667 nM ) to cause a 50 % reduction in binding , and did not compete at all for the IGF 2 receptor at concentrations up to 10 ( 5 ) ng / ml ( 17 . 8 microM ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specific binding of 125I IGF 1 to basolateral membranes was observed that was half maximal at between 10 ( 9 ) and 10 ( 8 ) M IGF 1 . 125I IGF 1 was affinity cross linked to a 135 , 000 Mr protein in basolateral membranes that was distinct from the alpha subunit of the insulin receptor and from the IGF 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The high molecular weight IGF 2 found in both the tumor and serum was fully reactive with the IGF 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The specific binding of 125I IGF 2 to plasma membrane preparations from several rat cell types and tissues was inhibited by the anti IGF 2 receptor Ig . ^^^ The specific inhibition of ligand binding to the IGF 2 receptor by anti receptor Ig was species specific such that mouse receptor was less potently inhibited and human receptor was unaffected . ^^^ Rat hepatoma H 35 cells contain insulin and IGF 2 receptor , but not IGF 1 receptor , and respond half maximally to insulin at 10 ( 10 ) M and to IGF 2 at higher concentrations with increased cell proliferation ( Massague , J . , Blinderman , L . ^^^ Addition of anti IGF 2 receptor Ig to intact H 35 cells inhibited the specific binding of 125I IGF 2 to the cells by 70 90 % , but had no detectable effect on 125I insulin binding . ^^^ Significantly , under identical conditions anti IGF 2 receptor Ig was without effect on IGF 2 action on DNA synthesis at both submaximal and maximal concentrations of IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results were confirmed by direct visualization of the Mr = 270 , 000 IGF 2 receptor band on dodecyl sulfate gels following affinity labeling with 125I IGF 2 and the cross linker disuccinimidyl suberate . ^^^ These results demonstrate that insulin has two effects on the IGF 2 receptor in adipocytes . 1 ) It rapidly increases the apparent affinity of the receptor in the intact cell without changing the apparent number of receptors on the cell surface ; and 2 ) it induces a redistribution of the high affinity IGF 2 receptor between plasma membranes and low density microsomes upon homogenization of cells and preparation of membranes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This IGF 2 receptor structure has a molecular weight of about 250 , 000 and shows no evidence of disulfide linkage to other subunits . ^^^ For example , an effect of insulin mediated through its own receptor in intact adipocytes or H 35 hepatoma cells rapidly results in a 5 to 10 fold increase in the affinity of the 250 , 000 dalton IGF 2 receptor for 125I labeled IGF 2 . ^^^ This may reflect an important mechanism by which insulin can simultaneously mediate rapid effects on cellular enzymes through its own receptor and indirectly promote cellular growth by potentiating growth factor action through this activation of the IGF 2 receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Based on these hydrodynamic measurements and a partial specific volume of 0 . 72 cm3 / g , the IGF 2 receptor was calculated to have a Mr of 290 , 000 and frictional ratio , f / fo , of 1 . 6 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Elution of the IGF 2 receptor from the matrix at pH 5 . 0 in the presence of 1 . 5 M NaCl resulted in a receptor purification of 1100 fold from isolated plasma membranes , or 340 fold from the Triton extract with an average yield of about 50 % in five separate purifications . ^^^ Such labeling was abolished by unlabeled IGF 2 but was unaffected by insulin , consistent with the previously reported specificity of IGF 2 receptor ( Massague , J . , and Czech , M . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The high affinity IGF 2 receptor in fibroblasts affinity labeled with 125I IGF 2 or 125I IGF 1 consists of a single polypeptide not disulfide linked to any other membrane component . ^^^ The molecular size and intensity of labeling of the IGF 2 receptor in the patient ' s fibroblasts were unaltered when compared with those of controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The proteins eluted from the region of the gel when cross linked to 125I IGF 2 with disuccinimidyl suberate and electrophoresed in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate have the same molecular weight , Mr , as the previously described IGF 2 receptor . ^^^ From the slope of a plot of log of the relative mobility , RF , at each of 6 to 7 gel concentrations for the 125I IGF 2 receptor and for each of seven standard proteins ( Ferguson Hedrick plot ) , a retardation coefficient , KR , was determined . ^^^ Using a reference curve constructed from a plot of square root KR versus the molecular radius , R , of the standard proteins , the IGF 2 receptor was estimated to have a R of 4 . 13 nm and a calculated Mr of 250 , 000 . ^^^ Thus , quantitative procedures that separate native proteins based on their size and charge have provided information which is in good agreement with the results of studies of the IGF 2 receptor by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and supports the premise that it is a monomeric single chained glycoprotein , constrained by intradisulfide bonds and with a mass of 250 kDa . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Similarly , insulin increases IGF 2 receptor concentration in the plasma membranes and concomitantly decreases that in the low density microsomes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The antiserum elicited a positive reaction at a 1 : 5000 dilution against purified IGF 2 receptor in an ELISA and markedly inhibited 125I IGF 2 binding to adipocyte plasma membranes when added prior to the growth factor . ^^^ Immunoprecipitation lines formed between agar plate wells containing antiserum versus IGF 2 receptor , both in the presence and absence of 1 microM IGF 2 , indicating that binding of anti receptor Ig to the IGF 2 receptor is not affected by occupancy of the IGF 2 binding site . ^^^ Intact adipocytes treated with or without insulin were incubated with anti IGF 2 receptor Ig , washed , and further incubated with 125I labeled goat anti rabbit IgG to monitor the amount of anti receptor Ig bound . ^^^ Insulin induced parallel increases in anti IGF 2 receptor Ig binding ( 2 . 4 fold ) and 125I IGF 2 binding ( 3 fold ) to the isolated cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regulation of insulin like growth factor ( IGF ) binding protein 6 and mannose 6 phosphate / IGF 2 receptor expression in IGF IL overexpressing NIH 3T3 cells . ^^^ Insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) overexpressing NIH 3T3 cells were used to examine regulation of insulin like growth factor binding protein ( IGFBP ) and mannose 6 phosphate ( M6P ) / IGF 2 receptor expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In cells transfected with IGF IIR cDNA , IGF 2 decreased cAMP accumulation promoted by cholera toxin or forskolin . ^^^ Thus , IGF IIR , through its cytoplasmic domain , mediates the Gi linked action of IGF 2 in living cells . ^^^ We also found that IGF IIR truncated with C terminal 28 residues after Ser 2424 caused G beta gamma dominant response of AC in response to IGF 2 by activating Gi . ^^^ This study not only provides further evidence that IGF IIR has IGF 2 dependent signaling function to interact with heteromeric G proteins with distinct roles by different cytoplasmic domains , it also suggests that IGF IIR can separate and sequestrate the G alpha and G beta gamma signals following Gi activation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , sites in an Igf2r gene intron and one CpG residue in the Igf 2 upstream region have allele specific modification patterns which are established either in the gametes or shortly after fertilization and are preserved throughout pre implantation embryogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Examination of the secretion of solubilized IGF 2 receptor by the chondrocytes , in contrast to trophoblasts , failed to reveal the presence of IGF 2 receptor in the CM . ^^^ This suggested that , unlike many other cells , including trophoblasts , chondrocytes do not secrete solubilized IGF 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Insulin ( 10 ( 5 ) mol / L ) , which binds to the IGF 1 receptor , but not to the IGF 2 receptor or IGFBPs , displaced 39 + / 8 % of [ 125I ] IGF 1 binding in glomeruli , 60 + / 7 % in the tubulo interstitial cortex , and 32 + / 7 % in the medulla . ^^^ IGF 1 ( 10 ( 8 ) mol / L ) , which binds strongly to IGFBPs , but not appreciably to the IGF 2 receptor , produced reductions of 46 + / 9 % , 35 + / 8 % , and 39 + / 12 % in [ 125I ] IGF 2 binding in glomeruli , tubulo interstitial cortex , and medulla , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As compared to authentic IGF 2 , insulin receptor reactivities and IGF 2 receptor reactivities of tumor extracted IGF 2 increased in two of three patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of IGF 2 on H4AZC2 cells were not blocked in the presence of an anti rat IGF 2 receptor antibody . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We cloned and sequenced the 8767 bp full length cDNA for the chicken cation independent mannose 6 phosphate receptor ( CI MPR ) , of interest because , unlike its mammalian homologs , it does not bind insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) . ^^^ However , it shows much less homology in the N terminal signal sequence , in repeat 11 , which is proposed to contain the IGF 2 binding site in mammalian CI MPR homologs , and in the 14 aa residue segment in the cytoplasmic sequence that has been proposed to mediate G protein coupled signal transduction in response to IGF 2 binding by the human CI MPR . ^^^ Expression of the functional chicken CI MPR in mice lacking the mammalian CI MPR should clarify the controversy over the physiological role of the IGF 2 binding site in mammalian CI MPR homologs . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , an antiserum raised against insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) receptor was used to evaluate changes of IGF 2 receptor immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex of rats 4 and 7 days following permanent MCA occlusion . ^^^ IGF 2 receptor immunoreactivity was found to be associated with neocortical pyramidal neurons within the core of the ischemic infarct itself . ^^^ The significance and the potential role of IGF 2 receptor in lesion induced plasticity are discussed . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A study of the relationship between expression of IGF 2 , IGF IIR , HBxAg and the DNA ploidy , cell cycle of hepatocytes in hepatocarcinoma ] . ^^^ In order to study the role of insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) in the development of hepatocarcinoma ( HCC ) , the expression of IGF 2 , IGF 2 receptor ( IGF IIR ) and HBxAg in HCC was studied with immunohistochemistry ( PAP method ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 2 receptor number is increased in TE 85 osteosarcoma cells by combined magnetic fields . ^^^ The CMF dependent increase in IGF 2 receptor number was associated with a significant increase in the IGF 2 dissociation constant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nor , as found with Igf 2 and Igf2r , is there evidence of a window of biallelic expression between the germ line imprint and the time of gene repression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have assessed the allele specific expression of four imprinted genes , two of which exhibit maternal specific ( H 19 and Igf2r ) and two of which exhibit paternal specific ( Igf 2 and Snrpn ) monoallelic somatic expression , in the germ line of F 1 hybrid mice utilizing quantitative RT PCR single nucleotide primer extension assays . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reverse transcription PCR was then used to assess the relative abundance of mRNAs for actin , glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase , Na+ , K ( + ) ATPase , Sp 1 , TATA box binding protein TBP , IGF 1 , IGF 2 , IGF 1 receptor , and IGF 2 receptor in embryos that developed in vivo and in vitro using KSOM / AA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , cortisol caused a time and dose dependent inhibition of IGF 2 receptor mRNA levels . ^^^ The effect was maximal at 0 . 1 1 microM for 24 48 h and was accompanied by a decrease in IGF 2 receptor levels , as determined by affinity labeling , cross linking and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis , Western immunoblot , and Scatchard analysis . ^^^ The effect of cortisol on IGF 2 receptor transcripts was not dependent on de novo protein synthesis . ^^^ Cortisol did not modify the IGF 2 receptor mRNA half life in transcriptionally arrested Ob cells and decreased the rate of IGF 2 receptor RNA transcription in nuclear run on assays . ^^^ In conclusion , cortisol decreases transcription of the IGF 2 receptor in Ob cell cultures , an effect that could mediate selected actions of glucocorticoids in bone . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Normal freshly collected lymphocytes expressed mRNAs for both IGF 1 receptor and IGF 2 receptor but no expression of the corresponding growth factors was detectable . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , genomic imprinting regulates the U2afbp rs gene from the time of its initial induction , distinguishing it from some other autosomal imprinted genes that have been analyzed ( e . g . , Igf2r and Igf 2 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , the IGF 2 receptor gene was expressed from both alleles in all tissues examined , confirming the finding that the human IGF 2 receptor gene is not imprinted in humans . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 1 receptor and IGF 2 receptor messenger RNAs ( mRNAs ) are both selectively concentrated in developing chondrocytes and osteoblasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The N terminal sequence contained a hydrophobic consensus sequence which exists in : two bovine seminal vesicle proteins ( BSPA 3 , PDC 109 ) ; IGF 2 receptor ; fibronectin ; and the cation independent mannose 6 phosphate receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The binding of insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) to the mannose 6 phosphate ( M6P ) / IGF 2 receptor has previously been reported to induce the activation of trimeric G ( 1 ) 2 proteins by functional coupling to a 14 amino acid region within the cytoplasmic receptor domain ( Nishimoto , I . , Murayama , Y . , Katada , T . , Ui , M . , and Ogata , E . ( 1989 ) J . ^^^ In the present study , we examined further the potential functional coupling of G proteins with the human M6P / IGF 2 receptor and mutant receptors lacking the proposed G protein activator sequence . ^^^ These results indicate that the human M6P / IGF 2 receptor neither interacts with G proteins in mouse L cell membranes nor is coupled to G ( 1 ) 2 proteins in phospholipid vesicles . ^^^ This study suggests strongly that the M6P / IGF 2 receptor does not function in transmembrane signaling in response to IGF II . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These mice do not express IGF2R in their tissues , are 25 30 % larger than their normal siblings , have elevated levels of circulating IGF 2 and IGF binding proteins , and exhibit a slight kink in their tails . ^^^ These results show that Igf2r is paternally imprinted and reveal that the receptor is crucial for regulating normal fetal growth , circulating levels of IGF 2 , and heart development . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , in addition to the IGF 1 receptor which has been previously found to signal IGF induced myogenesis , these results implicate a role for the IGF 2 receptor in this process . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Type 2 IGF receptors also were not involved because 1 ) [ Gln 6 , Ala 7 , Tyr 18 , Leu 19 , Leu 27 ] IGF 2 , an analog with normal receptor binding , had no effect ; and 2 ) beta galactosidase , a competitive inhibitor of IGF 2 receptor binding , did not influence IGF 2 potentiation of IGF 1 action . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This evidence , together with autoradiographic data showing that [ 3H ] IP 6 binding sites in rat brain are similarly distributed to [ 125I ] IGF 2 sites , led us to examine the possible interaction between IP 6 and [ 125I ] IGF 2 receptor binding sites using an autoradiographic approach . ^^^ These results , in keeping with other evidence , suggest that IP 6 may be able to regulate the [ 125I ] IGF 2 receptor binding sites either directly or indirectly , possibly through clathrin associated AP 2 sites . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Igf 2 , H 19 and Igf2r were all appropriately expressed in the PGES derived cells following induction of differentiation in vitro with all trans retinoic acid or DMSO , when compared with control ( D 3 ) and androgenetic ES cells ( AGES ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Messenger RNA and methylation levels of four imprinted genes , H 19 , Igf2r , Igf 2 and Snrpn were examined by northern and Southern blotting in mouse parthenogenetic , androgenetic and normal or wild type embryonic stem cell lines during their differentiation in vitro as embryoid bodies . ^^^ The mRNA levels of H 19 , Igf2r and Igf 2 and the degree of methylation at specific associated sequences were correlated according to previous studies in embryos , and thereby are consistent with suggestions that the methylation might play a role in controlling transcription of these genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
So far , four such endogenous imprinted genes are known : the paternal alleles of Igf 2 and Snrpn and the maternal alleles of Igf2r and H 19 are active , while their opposite parental alleles are inactive . ^^^ Here we demonstrate that the expression patterns of the Igf 2 and Igf2r genes in androgenetic and parthenogenetic conceptuses correlate with which parental alleles normally express them , implying that the imprint can be maintained in the absence of the other parent ' s genome for these genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine whether the capacity to produce and respond to these growth factors changes during skeletal development , we measured the protein and mRNA levels for IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and their receptors ( IGF IR and IGF IIR , respectively ) in the tibia and femur of rats before and up to 28 mo after birth . ^^^ This fall was most pronounced for IGF 2 and IGF IIR mRNA and least pronounced for IGF 1 mRNA . ^^^ In the prenatal bones , the signals for the mRNAs of IGF 2 and IGF IIR were stronger than the signals for the mRNAs of IGF 1 and IGF IR , although the content of IGF 1 was three to fivefold greater than that of IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rescue of the T associated maternal effect in mice carrying null mutations in Igf 2 and Igf2r , two reciprocally imprinted genes . ^^^ Interestingly , the Igf2r gene , which encodes one of the two known receptors ( IGF2R ) to which IGF 2 binds with high affinity is also subject to imprinting , but in a reciprocal fashion . ^^^ This observation raises the possibility that imprinting of these loci serves to regulate the ratios of the gene products , since IGF2R provides a mechanism for IGF 2 turnover . ^^^ To test this hypothesis , we crossed mice mutant for Igf 2 with animals carrying the Thp chromosomal deletion , which encompasses the Igf2r locus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , abundant IGF 2 mRNA was found exclusively in GC , whereas the IGF IIr gene was expressed in both thecal cells and GC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
That the imprinting of the insulin like growth factor type 2 receptor is not conserved between mouse and humans suggests that the physiological role of the IGF 2 receptor may differ between these two species . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They are secreted by seminal vesicles and they bind to the choline phospholipids composing the sperm plasma membrane upon ejaculation . these proteins contain two homologous domains that are similar to the type 2 structure present in the putative insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) binding domain of the IGF 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IDE and IGFR mRNAs are colocalized in oocytes , while IDE is colocalized with the IGF 2 receptor in spermatocytes , suggesting that IDE may be involved with degradation of IGF 2 in the testis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In rat adipocytes , incubation with insulin greatly increases cell surface IGF 2 receptor ( 5 fold ) and the receptor is rapidly internalised in the absence of insulin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , the peptide was bound to IGF 2 receptor in solubilized rat fetus membrane , though the affinity was slightly inferior to that of native IGF 2 . ^^^ In addition , fusion IGF 2 immobilized on a gel matrix was useful for one step purification of the IGF 2 receptor with a high yield from solubilized rat fetus membranes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine whether the cognate genes are also subject to imprinting in humans , we have studied allele specific expression patterns of insulin like growth factor 2 , IGF 2 receptor and H 19 in human fetal and adult tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is concluded that the effects of the peptides on glucose transport and IGF 2 binding are a consequence of the peptide mediated inhibition of internalization of GLUT 4 and IGF 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The functional significance of DNA methylation in genomic imprinting was strengthened by the recent finding that CpG islands ( or sites ) in three imprinted genes , H 19 , insulin like growth factor 2 ( Igf 2 ) , and Igf 2 receptor ( Igf 2r ) , are differentially methylated depending on their parental origin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study demonstrates an anabolic effect for IGF 1 in myotubes derived from primary chicken satellite cells which is mediated by the type 1 IGF receptor , since the cation independent mannose 6 phosphate receptor does not bind IGF 2 in chicken cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results suggest that ( 1 ) both insulin and IGF 1 are potent regulators of glycogen synthesis in the heart , ( 2 ) the enzymes involved in the dephosphorylation ( activation ) of glycogen synthase are closely linked to both insulin and IGF 1 , but not IGF 2 receptor signaling pathways , ( 3 ) glycogen synthase activation is adversely affected by the maintenance of cardiomyocytes in the presence of palmitate or for > or = 24 h in hormone deficient media which results in insulin and IGF 1 resistance , and ( 4 ) this resistance , like that found in cells from diabetic rats , is due at least in part to a decrease in glycogen synthase phosphatase activity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In phospholipid vesicles , IGF IIR and beta 2AR activate Gi and Gs in response to IGF 2 and isoproterenol , respectively . ^^^ We constructed a chimeric IGF 2 receptor ( beta 3 2 / IGF IIR ) by converting its native peptide 14 sequence to the beta 3 2 sequence . ^^^ In cells expressing beta 3 2 / IGF IIR , membrane adenylate cyclase activity markedly increased without IGF 2 and was further promoted by IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The murine genes coding for insulin like growth factor 2 ( Igf 2 ) and its specific receptor ( Igf2r ) are parentally imprinted , with exclusive expression from the paternal ( Igf 2 ) or maternal ( Igf2r ) gene copy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of the IGF 2 receptor gene copy number in breast carcinoma . ^^^ The IGF 2 receptor is identical to the mannose 6 phosphate ( Man 6 P ) receptor , which is involved in lysosomal enzyme pathways . ^^^ In order to determine whether the Man 6 P / IGF 2 receptor gene copy number is altered in breast cancer we analysed specimens of invasive breast carcinoma from 51 patients by Southern blotting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Igf2r and Igf 2 gene expression in androgenetic , gynogenetic , and parthenogenetic preimplantation mouse embryos : absence of regulation by genomic imprinting . ^^^ The genes encoding the insulin like growth factor type 2 ( Igf 2 ) and its receptor ( Igf2r ) are reciprocally imprinted and expressed from the paternal and maternal genomes , respectively , in the fetal and adult mouse . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For this reason we have examined the replication timing patterns for the chromosomal regions containing the imprinted genes Igf 2 , Igf2r , H 19 and Snrpn in the mouse . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The CI MPR isolated from opossum liver , like the CI MPR from bovine liver , bound iodinated human recombinant IGF 2 . ^^^ However , Scatchard analysis revealed that the opossum CI MPR bound IGF 2 with a lower affinity ( Kd = 14 . 5 nM ) than the bovine receptor ( Kd = 0 . 2 nM ) . ^^^ The addition of excess IGF 2 , but not IGF 1 or insulin , inhibited binding to [ 125I ] IGF 2 , indicating that the opossum CI MPR exhibits specificity for IGF 2 . ^^^ These results suggest that the emergence of a high affinity IGF 2 binding site in the CI MPR occurred in evolution before the divergence of marsupials and placental mammals from their last common ancestor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This suggests that the inducible cell beta subunit is a component of a stage specific alpha 2 beta 2 IGF receptor subtype that functions as an IGF 2 receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the cerebellum , for example , [ 125I ] IGF 2 receptor binding sites are concentrated in the granular cell layer , [ 125I ] insulin binding sites are localized primarily in the molecular layer , whereas [ 125I ] IGF 1 receptor binding sites are noted in relatively high amounts in granular as well as molecular cell layers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , insulinlike growth factor 1 , ( IGF 1 ) , IGF 1 receptor , and IGF 2 receptor messenger RNAs were expressed in the epithelial cells of both the control , uninjured tissues and in tissue specimens obtained after injury . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Based on the finding that stimulation of the IGF 2 receptor ( IGF IIR ) is capable of activating Gi 2 and calcium channels in BALB / c 3T3 fibroblasts , it was found that purified IGF IIR can couple directly to purified Gi 2 in phospholipid vesicles . ^^^ IGF IIR directly couples to Gi 2 in response to IGF 2 in a stoichiometrical manner , suggesting that IGF IIR works as a transmembrane signaling molecule and that the seven transmembrane structure is not essential for receptor G protein coupling . ^^^ The IGF 2 receptor system : a G protein linked mechanism . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It is also of interest to determine what role , if any , the IGF 2 receptor plays in mediating the growth promoting effects of the IGFs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the case of the IGF 2 receptor , while the mRNA levels ( 9 . 0 and 4 . 5 kb ) remained constant , the corresponding affinity labeled receptor protein ( approximately 230 kDa ) declined with maturation . ^^^ We conclude that a differential regulation of brain insulin , IGF 1 and IGF 2 receptor expression occurs during development . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Messenger RNA expression consistent with both known forms of the insulin receptor , the IGF 1 receptor , and the IGF 2 receptor was observed in human fetal ovaries and uteri at 10 , 15 , 19 , and 22 weeks ' gestation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No apparent change in tissue GH receptor , IGF 1 , IGF 1 receptor , IGF 2 , or IGF 2 receptor messenger ribonucleic acids occurred as a result of exercise after the 14 week pretreatment period or after treatment with rhGH or PL . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The insulin like growth factor ( IGF ) II / cation independent mannose 6 phosphate receptor ( CI MPR ) is a multifunctional receptor with distinct binding sites for IGF 2 and mannose 6 phosphate ( M6P ) bearing glycoproteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These genes , together with four known imprinted genes , H 19 , Igf2r , Igf 2 , and Snrpn , showed evidence of expression from both parental alleles in early stage embryos , indicating a role for postfertilization processes in regulating imprinted gene function . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of the wild type Dnmt cDNA in mutant male ES cells caused an increase in methylation of bulk DNA and of the Xist and Igf 2 genes to normal levels , but did not restore the methylation of the imprinted genes H 19 and Igf2r . ^^^ While the Xist gene was not expressed in the remethylated male ES cells , no restoration of the normal expression profile was seen for H 19 , Igf2r , or Igf 2 . ^^^ Full restoration of monoallelic methylation and expression was imposed on H 19 , Igf 2 , and Igf2r upon germ line transmission . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , suramin inhibited cross linking of [ 125I ] IGF 2 to the type 1 IGF receptor ( IGF1R ) and type 2 IGF receptor ( IGF2R ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The enhanced mitogenic effect of IGF 2 in HAS after DHT pretreatment was associated with increased IGF 2 receptor mRNA levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Inhibition of chondrocyte cathepsin B and L activities by insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) and its Ser 29 variant in vitro : possible role of the mannose 6 phosphate / IGF 2 receptor . ^^^ Lysosomal enzymes and IGF 2 both bind to the mannose 6 phosphate ( M6P ) / IGF 2 receptor . ^^^ The relative potency pattern corresponded to the binding profile of each ligand for the M6P / IGF 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of wortmannin , a selective inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol ( PI ) 3 kinase on insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) induced redistribution of the 300 kDa mannose 6 phosphate / IGF 2 receptor ( MPR 300 ) has been studied in human hepatoma HepG 2 cells . ^^^ IGF 2 increased the expression of MPR 300 at the cell surface threefold that was completely abolished by wortmannin at 100 300 nM . ^^^ These results show that activation of PI 3 kinase plays a critical role in the IGF 2 stimulated redistribution of MPR 300 initiated rather by IGF 2 binding to tyrosine kinase receptors than to the MPR 300 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Scatchard analysis of the binding data revealed that the cell line has a higher number of IGF 2 receptor ( 100 , 000 sites per cell ) than insulin ( 1400 sites per cell ) and IGF 1 ( 1200 sites per cell ) receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mouse mutants lacking the type 2 IGF receptor ( IGF2R ) are rescued from perinatal lethality in Igf 2 and Igf1r null backgrounds . ^^^ While IGF signaling is mediated by the type 1 IGF receptor ( IGF1R ) , the type 2 receptor ( IGF2R / CI MPR ) serves IGF 2 turnover . ^^^ Mouse mutants inheriting maternally a targeted disruption of the imprinted Igf2r gene , which is normally expressed only from the maternal allele , have increased serum and tissue levels of IGF 2 and exhibit overgrowth ( 135 % of normal birthweight ) and generalized organomegaly , kinky tail , postaxial polydactyly , heart abnormalities , and edema . ^^^ Consistent with the hypothesis that lethality in the absence of IGF2R mediated turnover is caused by excess of IGF 2 overstimulating IGF1R , Igf2r mutants are completely rescued when they carry a second mutation eliminating either IGF 2 or IGF1R . ^^^ Normal embryonic development of the Igf1r / Igf2r double mutants , which differ from wild type siblings only in the pattern of postnatal growth , appears to occur by signaling of IGF 2 , being in excess , through a genetically identified unknown receptor , since triple mutants lacking IGF1R , IGF2R , and IGF 2 are nonviable dwarfs ( 30 % of normal size ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also showed reduced expression of the soluble and membrane bound IGF 2 receptor , a gene dosage effect incompatible with imprinting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated the autocrine regulation of insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) signaling by the insulin like growth factor 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) and the insulin like growth factor II / mannose 6 phosphate receptor ( IGF IIR ) in MCF 7 breast cancer cells , employing retroviruses encoding both IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and IGF 1 and 2 mutants with reductions in affinity for either the IGF IR or the IGF IIR . ^^^ These studies revealed reciprocal roles for IGF IR and IGF IIR affinity in the regulation of autocrine IGF 2 activity . ^^^ In contrast , cellular proliferation , receptor tyrosine kinase dependent signaling , and extracellular IGF 2 protein accumulation were all reduced in the presence of IGF IIR affinity . ^^^ Inhibition of IGF 2 signaling appeared to be the sole consequence of IGF IIR affinity , as no cellular responses attributable to selective IGF IIR binding by a reduced IGF IR affinity IGF 2 mutant could be detected . ^^^ By operating as an IGF 2 antagonist , the IGF IIR has tumor suppressor like properties , a suggestion consistent with reports of loss of heterozygosity at the IGF IIR locus in a variety of human malignancies . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The recent indication that there may be functional polymorphism in the imprinting of the human IGF 2 and IGF2R genes suggests these ideas could be explored using association studies at the population and individual level . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 2 receptor concentrations , after the different steroid treatments , were consistent with the steroid effect on milk synthesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The IGF2R gene encodes a nonmitogenic receptor which targets IGF 2 to the lysosomes for degradation and , therefore , inhibits the mitogenic function of IGF 2 . ^^^ To test the hypothesis that IGF2R imprinting predisposes to Wilms ' tumor through the effect of decreased IGF2R dosage on IGF 2 inactivation , we examined IGF2R imprinting in Wilms ' tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The best candidate is the gene encoding the type 2 insulin like growth factor receptor ( IGF IIR ) , whose ligand is the growth factor IGF 2 . ^^^ These results suggest that haplotype dependent elevation of IGF IIR levels reduces the available concentration of IGF 2 , resulting in a decreased rate of morphogenesis in B10 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Early bovine embryos also express IGF 1 , IGF 2 , IGF 1 receptor , IGF 2 receptor , and insulin receptor mRNAs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have examined the evolution of insulin like growth factor Igf 2 , and its antagonistic receptor Igf2r ) and find that in contrast to immune genes , at the sites of mutual binding they are highly conserved . ^^^ In addition , we have analysed the rate of molecular evolution of seven imprinted genes including Igf 2 and Igf2r ) , sequenced in both mouse and rat , and had that this is the same as that of nonimprinted receptors and significantly lower than that of immune genes controlling for differences in mutation rates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To date , no unique IGF 2 receptor has been identified in birds . ^^^ Does an IGF 2 receptor entity exist in nonmammalian species . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transcripts of messenger RNAs of both IGF 1 and IGF 2 and both IGF IR and IGF IIR also were detectable by Northern analysis . ^^^ Mannose 6 phosphate , which is known to bind to IGF IIR , stimulated proteoglycan synthesis , potentiated IGF 2 stimulated proteoglycan synthesis , and enhanced the binding affinity for IGF 2 but not for IGF 1 . ^^^ Even in the presence of anti IGF IR antibody , IGF 2 and mannose 6 phosphate stimulated proteoglycan synthesis in the cells . [ Leu 27 ] IGF 2 , an IGF 2 analogue with high affinity only for IGF IIR , strongly stimulated proteoglycan synthesis in HCS 2 / 8 cells but [ Arg 54 , Arg 55 ] IGF 2 , which binds to only IGF IR , also stimulated proteoglycan synthesis in the cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHOD OF STUDY : Thirty donated day 3 embryos were cultured in vitro for an additional 3 days to observe their developmental potential and were semiquantitatively analyzed for the expression of IGF 1 , IGF 2 , IGF IR , IGF IIR , and insulin R . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) receptor ( IGF IIR ) is a single chain transmembrane protein identical to the mannose 6 phosphate receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Also imprinted ( expressed from the maternal allele ) is the Igf2r gene on chromsome 17 encoding the type 2 IGF receptor that is involved in degradation of excess IGF 2 . ^^^ Double mutant embryos carrying a deletion around the H 19 region and also a targeted Igf2r allele , both inherited maternally , have extremely high levels of IGF 2 ( 7 and 11 fold higher than normal in tissues and serum , respectively ) as a result of biallelic Igf 2 expression ( imprint relaxation by deletion of H 19 associated sequence ) in combination with lack of the IGF2R mediated IGF 2 turnover . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
M6P / IGF 2 receptor has recently been implicated in fetal development and carcinogenesis . ^^^ Despite the functional similarities between RA and the M6P / IGF 2 receptor , no direct biochemical link has been established . ^^^ Here , we show that the M6P / IGF 2 receptor also binds RA with high affinity at a site that is distinct from those for M6P and IGF 2 , as identified by a photoaffinity labeling technique . ^^^ We also show that the binding of RA to the M6P / IGF 2 receptor enhances the primary functions of this receptor . ^^^ These findings suggest that the M6P / IGF 2 receptor mediates a RA response pathway that is important in cell growth regulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To date , most of the effects of IGFs are believed to be mediated by IGF 1 receptors whereas the significance of IGF 2 receptor in mediating biological responses remains unclear . ^^^ In the present study , we characterized the distribution of IGF 1 and IGF 2 receptor sites and investigated the effects of both factors on endogenous acetylcholine ( ACh ) release in adult rat hippocampus . [ 125I ] IGF 1 receptor binding sites are recognized by IGF 1 > IGF 2 > insulin , whereas [ 125I ] IGF 2 binding was competed potently by IGF 2 > IGF 1 but not by insulin . ^^^ Taken together , these results reveal the differential localization of IGF 1 and IGF 2 receptor sites in the hippocampal formation and the opposite role for these growth factors in the acute regulation of ACh release likely via two distinct mechanisms . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mannose 6 phosphate / insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( IGF2R ) gene , which maps to chromosome 6q26 27 , functions in the activation of TGF beta 1 , a potent growth inhibitor for most cell types , the degradation of the mitogen IGF 2 and the intracellular trafficking of lysosomal enzymes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By using in situ hybridization , RNase protection assays , indirect immunofluorescence , Western blots , and bioassays , we show 1 ) the presence of insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) , IGF 2 receptor ( IGF IIR ) , IGF IR , TGF beta , plasminogen , plasminogen activators [ urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) ] , and Cdk 4 in developing palates ; 2 ) on embryonic day 14 ( E 14 ) , which is a critical day for palatal growth , B10 . ^^^ A embryos have an up regulation of IGF IIR , which serves to sequester IGF 2 from the growth promoting IGF IR and to bind more CORT up regulated , latent TGF beta 2 for subsequent plasmin dependent activation ; higher levels of TGF beta 2 signaling down regulate Cdk 4 and result in greater palatal growth inhibition at a critical stage of palatogenesis and , thus , cleft palate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hence , we measured IGF 1 and IGF 2 receptor expression in colonocytes from Sprague Dawley rats fed diets containing either beef tallow ( BT ) or corn oil ( CO ) at 12 , 30 or 37 % of energy for 4 wk . ^^^ In both proximal and middle colon , an increased percentage of BT resulted in significantly increased IGF 2 receptor expression . ^^^ In the proximal colon , IGF 2 receptor expression decreased with increasing CO concentration , whereas in the middle colon , rats fed 37 % CO had significantly higher IGF 2 receptor expression than rats fed 12 or 30 % CO . ^^^ IGF 2 receptor gene expression in proximal colon decreased with increased fat quantity , independently of fat source , whereas in the middle colon , increased fat quantity resulted in increased IGF 2 receptor expression . ^^^ Thus IGF 1 and IGF 2 receptor mRNA and IGF 1 receptor protein level in colon mucosa were significantly altered by dietary fat source and quantity , thereby suggesting a potential influence of dietary fat on the endocrine regulation of colon cell mitogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mammalian CI MPR also mediates endocytosis and clearance of insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) . ^^^ Mutant mice that lack the CD MPR are viable , mice that lack the CI MPR accumulate high levels of IGF 2 and usually die perinatally , whereas mice that lack both IGF 2 and CI MPR are viable . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was found that the expression of insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) , insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) , and the insulin , IGF 1 and IGF 2 receptor transcripts ( IGF1R and IGF2R , respectively ) was present in all term placentas examined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the hypothesis that disruption of primary imprinting during oocyte growth leads to the modified expression of imprinted genes and this parthenogenetic phenotype , we have examined Peg1 / Mest , Igf 2 , Peg 3 , Snrpn , H 19 , Igf2r and excess p57KIP2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Peri implantation mouse embryos synthesize insulinlike growth factor ( IGF ) 2 ligand , insulin receptor , IGF 1 receptor , and IGF 2 receptor and respond to IGF 2 , IGF 1 , and insulin metabolically and mitogenically . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Indirect effects predominantly associated with the IGF 2 receptor could also influence the invasive potential of breast tumor cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Before and after induction , c myc , IGF 2 , IGF 1 receptor , and IGF 2 receptor were constitutively expressed by all four cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When using purified receptor preparations , we find that uPAR binds to the cation independent , mannose 6 phosphate / insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) receptor ( CIMPR ) with an affinity in the low micromolar range , but not to the 46 kD , cation dependent , mannose 6 phosphate receptor ( CDMPR ) . ^^^ The binding occurs at site ( s ) on the CIMPR different from those engaged in binding of mannose 6 phosphate epitopes or IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The progression to a hormone independent phenotype was accompanied by a high constitutive expression of IGF 2 and by a significant decrease in IGF IIR number . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate whether this is associated with epigenetic alterations in imprinted genes , we analysed two maternally expressed genes ( Igf2r , H 19 ) and two paternally expressed genes ( Igf 2 , U2af1 rs 1 ) in ES cells and in completely ES cell derived fetuses . ^^^ Alterations included loss of methylation with biallelic expression of U2af1 rs 1 , maternal methylation and predominantly maternal expression of Igf 2 , and biallelic methylation and expression of Igf2r . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Genetic evidence suggests that the insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) / mannose 6 phosphate receptor ( IGF2R ) slows growth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 2 receptor , and the biliary / oval cell antigens OC . 2 and OC . 3 , a phenotype characteristic of fetal hepatocytes . ^^^ FTO 2B cells lacked AFP , OC . 2 , and OC . 3 but expressed albumin and IGF 2 receptor in addition to the five commonly expressed genes , consistent with a more hepatocyte like phenotype . ^^^ Cell line H5D 7 expressed neither albumin nor the IGF 2 receptor , but did express OC . 2 , OC . 3 , and alpha 3 integrin in addition to the five commonly expressed genes , characteristic of biliary epithelial cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF effects are mediated by IGFBP and receptor interactions , hence dietary induced changes in intestinal IGF 2 receptor patterns and IGFBP 3 message levels were investigated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Analysis of the phenotypes revealed that the soluble IGF2R affects the size of some organs ( colon and cecum ) exclusively by reducing the biological activity of IGF 2 , whereas in other organs ( stomach and skin ) the biological activity of the receptor is at least in part independent of IGF 2 and must involve an interaction with other factor ( s ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 1 and IGF 2 levels are regulated by binding to the IGF 2 receptor , which is inactivated by mutation in human gastrointestinal ( GI ) tumors . ^^^ We have previously demonstrated elevated IGF 2 ligand expression in IGF 2 receptor mutant GI tumors , implicating the IGF signaling system in GI tumorigenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) and phosphomannosylated glycoproteins bind to distinct sites on the same receptor , the IGF II / mannose 6 phosphate receptor ( IGF2R ) . ^^^ To determine the minimum portion of the IGF2R ' s extracytoplasmic domain needed for expression of high affinity IGF 2 binding , a nested set of FLAG epitope tagged minireceptors encompassing repeats 11 through 15 was prepared and transiently expressed in 293T cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Between 1 7 days post lesion ( dpl ) , in the acute phase following a penetrant wound to the CNS , IGF 2 and IGF IIR protein , but not messenger RNA , were colocalized , with IGF 1 , IGF IR , and IGFBP 1 , 2 , 3 , and 6 , to neurons , macrophages , astrocytes , and microglia within the damaged tissue . ^^^ In the chronic phase of injury ( 7 14 dpl ) , an increase in both IGF 2 , IGF IIR and IGFBP 5 messenger RNA and protein was observed specifically and focally in the marginal astrocytes forming the limiting glial membrane of the wound . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Viable mice nullizygous in genes encoding the 300 kDa and the 46 kDa mannose 6 phosphate receptors ( MPR 300 and MPR 46 ) and the insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) were generated to study the trafficking of lysosomal enzymes in the absence of MPRs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Type 2 insulin like growth factor receptor ( IGF2R ) mediates the transport of lysosomal hydrolases to lysosomes and the clearance of insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) . ^^^ Mutant mice lacking IGF2R usually die perinatally , but are completely rescued from lethality in the absence of IGF 2 . ^^^ IGF2R / IGF 2 deficient mice have elevated levels of circulating IGF binding protein ( IGFBP ) 3 and show a strong IGFBP 6 immunoreactivity in all pancreatic islet cells and in secretory granules of different size in acinar cells and interlobular connective tissue of exocrine pancreas . ^^^ These results show that the deficiency of IGF2R and IGF 2 affects the expression and metabolism of IGFBPs in a tissue and cell type specific manner . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The coordinated expression of IGF 2 and IGF2R in most mammalian tissues and gene targeting experiments suggest a role of IGF2R in the control of extracellular IGF 2 concentration by receptor mediated endocytosis and subsequent degradation of the growth factor in lysosomes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of type 1 IGF receptor ( IGF1R ) mRNA , encoding the cognate receptor for both IGF 1 and IGF 2 , as well as type 2 IGF receptor ( IGF2R ) mRNA was not found to be altered during primary prostate cancer progression in intact TRAMP mice but was dramatically reduced in metastatic lesions and in androgen independent disease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mannose 6 phosphate receptor deficient mice were generated by crossing mice carrying null alleles for Igf 2 and the 300 kDa and 46 kDa mannose 6 phosphate receptors , Mpr 300 and Mpr 46 . ^^^ Pre and perinatal lethality of mice nullizygous for Igf 2 , Mpr 300 and Mpr 46 was increased . ^^^ A paternally inherited Mpr 300 wild type allele that is normally inactive in mice due to imprinting was reactivated in some tissues of mice lacking IGF 2 and MPR 46 and carrying a maternal Mpr 300 null allele . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The degree of developmental overgrowth of the GPC 3 deficient mice is similar to that of mice deficient in IGF receptor type 2 ( IGF2R ) , a well characterized negative regulator of IGF 2 . ^^^ Unlike the IGF2R deficient mice , however , the levels of IGF 2 in GPC 3 knockouts are similar to those of the normal littermates . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , the CI MPR from the opossum has been reported to bind bovine IGF 2 with low affinity ( Dahms , N . ^^^ To examine the binding of IGF 2 to a marsupial CI MPR in a homologous system , we have previously purified kangaroo IGF 2 ( Yandell , C . ^^^ The interaction of the kangaroo CI MPR with IGF 2 has been examined by ligand blotting , radioreceptor assay , and real time biomolecular interaction analysis . ^^^ Using both a heterologous and homologous approach , we have demonstrated that the kangaroo CI MPR has a lower binding affinity for IGF 2 than its eutherian ( placental mammal ) counterparts . ^^^ Furthermore , real time biomolecular interaction analysis revealed that the kangaroo CI MPR has a higher affinity for kangaroo IGF 2 than for human IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The M6P / IGF2R gene , encoding the insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) / mannose 6 phosphate receptor ( IGF2R ) , is frequently inactivated during carcinogenesis . ^^^ M6P / IGF2R is postulated to be a tumor suppressor gene due to its ability to bind and degrade the mitogen IGF 2 , promote activation of the growth inhibitor transforming growth factor beta , and regulate the targeting of lysosomal enzymes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To characterize the genetic events during gastric carcinogenesis , we analyzed DNA from 56 gastric adenomas and 167 gastric carcinomas for MSI using five microsatellite markers and for frameshift mutations at coding nucleotide repeats of the type 2 transforming growth factor beta receptor , BAX , hMSH 3 , hMSH 6 , IGF 2 receptor , and E2F 4 genes . ^^^ Compared with MSI H gastric carcinomas , MSI H adenomas had no mutations in the hMSH 6 and the IGF 2 receptor genes , less frequent mutations in the transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 ( 38 % versus 63 % ) , BAX ( 13 % versus 37 % ) , and hMSH 3 ( 13 % versus 37 % ) genes , and more frequent mutations in the E2F 4 ( 50 % versus 37 % ) gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Apart from the absence of a type 2 IGF receptor ( IGF 2 receptor ) , the general characteristics of the chicken IGF system seem to be similar to mammalian species . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specifically these include the presence or absence of autocrine IGF 1 and IGF 2 production ; presence or absence of IGF 1 and IGF 2 receptor expression ; the expression and functions of the IGFBPs ; in vitro and in vivo experiments involving therapeutic interventions ; and available results from clinical trials evaluating the effect of GH / IGF axis down regulation in various malignancies . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : To provide information on the potential role of insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) and insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( IGF IIR ) during different liver diseases and hepatocarcinogenesis . ^^^ An increasing gradient of IGF 2 and IGF IIR Mrna expression was in turn from chronic hepatitis ( 33 . 3 % ) , HCC ( 66 . 7 % ) to cirrhosis ( 72 . 0 % ) . ^^^ METHODS : Southern hybridization was used to detect HBV DNA integration in various kinds of liver tissues , and DNA RNA in situ hybridization to observe and analyze the mRNA of IGF 2 and IGF 2 receptor in chronic hepatitis , cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) . ^^^ RESULTS : The expression of IGF 2 and IGF 2 receptor mRNA was observed not only in HCC , but also in chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report herein that M6P / IGF2R is not imprinted in monotremes and does not encode for a receptor that binds IGF 2 . ^^^ Unless there was convergent evolution of M6P / IGF2R imprinting and receptor IGF 2 binding in marsupials and eutherians , our results also demonstrate that these two functions evolved in a mammalian clade exclusive of monotremes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , mutation analysis was performed for Transforming growth beta type 2 receptor ( TGF beta R 2 ) , bcl 2 associated 10 protein ( BAX ) , Insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( IGF 2 R ) , human MutS homolog 3 ( hMSH 3 ) , human MutS homolog 6 ( hMSH 6 ) , human MutS homolog 2 ( hMSH 2 ) , and human MutL homolog 1 ( hMLH 1 ) genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Selected bile samples were also assayed using a competitive binding assay with a crude preparation of adult rat liver membranes bearing the IGF 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Experimental rodent studies demonstrate that insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) promotes fetal growth , whereas the nonsignaling IGF 2 receptor ( IGF2R ) is inhibitory ; in humans their influence is as yet unclear . ^^^ A soluble , circulating form of IGF2R inhibits IGF 2 mediated DNA synthesis and may therefore restrain fetal growth . ^^^ We measured cord blood levels of IGF 2 , soluble IGF2R , insulin , IGF 1 , IGF binding protein 1 ( IGFBP 1 ) , and IGFBP 3 and examined their relationships to weight , length , head circumference , ponderal index , and placental weight at birth in 199 normal term singletons . ^^^ IGF 2 levels correlated with levels of IGF 1 ( r = 0 . 29 ; P < 0 . 0005 ) , IGFBP 3 ( r = 0 . 45 ; P < 0 . 0005 ) , and soluble IGF2R ( r = 0 . 20 ; P < 0 . 005 ) . ^^^ IGF 2 was weakly related to ponderal index ( r = 0 . 18 ; P < 0 . 05 ) and placental weight ( r = 0 . 18 ; P < 0 . 05 ) , and the molar ratio of IGF 2 to IGF2R was also related to birth weight ( r = 0 . 15 ; P < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Initial analysis for mRNA expression demonstrated the following : GH receptor ( 5 / 5 cell lines positive ) , IGF 1 ( 0 / 5 ) , IGF 2 ( 0 / 5 ) , IGF 1 receptor ( 5 / 5 ) , IGF 2 receptor ( 2 / 5 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sequence polymorphisms , allelic expression status and chromosome locations of the chicken IGF 2 and MPR 1 genes . ^^^ By screening 26 chicken breeds and lines , DNA polymorphisms were identified in the IGF 2 and MPR 1 genes , of which mammalian homologues are parentally imprinted , and the GAPD gene , a housekeeping control . ^^^ IGF 2 and MPR 1 were mapped on chicken chromosomes 5 and 3 , respectively , by fluorescence in situ hybridization , demonstrating conserved linkage homology between mammals and birds . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study was conducted to determine the developmental expression of placental insulin like growth factor ( IGF ) 2 , IGF binding protein ( IGFBP ) 1 and 2 , and IGF 2 receptor mRNA expression during baboon pregnancy and whether estrogen , the levels of which increase with advancing pregnancy , regulates placental trophoblast IGF 2 mRNA expression . ^^^ In contrast , syncytiotrophoblast IGFBP 1 and 2 mRNA levels decreased , and IGF 2 receptor mRNA expression remained relatively constant , with advancing baboon pregnancy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Changes in the relative abundance of mRNA transcripts for insulin like growth factor ( IGF 1 and IGF 2 ) ligands and their receptors ( IGF IR / IGF IIR ) in preimplantation bovine embryos derived from different in vitro systems . ^^^ The aim of this study was to determine the relative abundance of mRNAs for the insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) and IGF 2 ligands , and for the IGF receptors ( IGF IR and IGF IIR ) in in vitro preimplantation bovine embryos from the oocyte to the hatched blastocyst stage using two different culture systems : TCM 199 supplemented with oestrous cow serum , or synthetic oviduct fluid supplemented with polyvinyl alcohol . ^^^ In both culture systems , IGF IR , IGF 2 and IGF IIR were expressed throughout preimplantation development up to the hatched blastocyst stage in a varying pattern . ^^^ The expression patterns of IGF IR , IGF 2 and IGF IIR in embryos generated in the two culture systems were not significantly different , except at the expanded blastocyst stage , at which significantly higher amounts of IGF IIR were observed in the TCM system than in the synthetic oviduct fluid system . ^^^ The bovine embryo is capable of producing IGF 2 , IGF IIR and IGF IR in large amounts , particularly after hatching , which may be important for the formation of the filamentous conceptus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No significant differences in IGF 1 , IGF 2 , IGF binding protein ( IGFBP ) 1 , IGFBP 3 , soluble IGF 2 receptor levels ( IGF2R ) , IGF II / IGF2R ratio , and relative amounts of IGFBP 3 circulating forms were found between CG and NCG children . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also examined the methylation status of the imprinted genes : Igf2r , p57Kip2 , Lit 1 , H 19 and Igf 2 . ^^^ Igf2r , p57Kip2 and Lit 1 were unmethylated in all analysed EGC lines , whereas H 19 and Igf 2 showed significant hypo methylation in the 9 . 5 dpc EGC 1 line when compared to previously derived 11 . 5 dpc male EGC lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mannose 6 phosphate / IGF 2 receptor MPR 300 mediates sorting of lysosomal enzymes from the trans Golgi network to endosomes and endocytosis of hormones , for example , of IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The underlying specificity of the interaction between insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) and mammalian Type 2 insulin like growth factor / cation independent mannose 6 phosphate receptor ( IGF2R ) is not understood . ^^^ We have mutated residues A 54 and L 55 of IGF 2 in the second A domain helix to arginine ( found in the corresponding positions of IGF 1 ) and measured IGF2R binding . ^^^ There is a 4 and 3 . 3 fold difference in dissociation constants for A54R IGF 2 and L55R IGF 2 , respectively , and a 6 . 6 fold difference for A54R L55R IGF 2 compared with IGF 2 as measured by BlAcore analysis using purified rat IGF2R . ^^^ We can , therefore , conclude that residues at positions 54 and 55 in IGF 2 are important for and equally contribute to IGF2R binding . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF2R contains 15 homologous extracellular domains , with domain 11 primarily responsible for IGF 2 binding . ^^^ Structural analysis identifies the putative IGF 2 binding site at one end of the beta barrel whilst crystal lattice contacts suggest a model for the full length IGF2R extracellular region . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Real time RT PCR quantification of insulin like growth factor ( IGF ) 1 , IGF 1 receptor , IGF 2 , IGF 2 receptor , insulin receptor , growth hormone receptor , IGF binding proteins 1 , 2 and 3 in the bovine species . ^^^ We designed and developed nine different calibration curves , based on recombinant DNA plasmid standards and established them on a constant real time PCR platform for the following factors : growth hormone receptor ( GHR ) , insulin like growth factor ( IGF ) 1 , IGF 1 receptor ( IGF 1R ) , IGF 2 , IGF 2 receptor ( IGF 2R ) , insulin receptor ( INSR ) , and IGF binding proteins ( IGF BP ) 1 , 2 and 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine when in germ cell development this biallelic expression phenomenon commences , we isolated migrating PGCs by flow cytometry and determined the allele specific expression of four imprinted genes Snrpn , Igf 2 , H 19 and Igf2r . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Further , cardiomyocytes treated with either of these agonistic antibodies upregulate the expression of their genes for insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) and the IGF 2 receptor ( IGF IIR ) . ^^^ Results are consistent with a model in which local production of IGF 2 is upregulated when the IGF IR signaling pathway is blocked and in which an IGF 2 mediated pathway , likely involving the IGF IIR , then stimulates hypertrophy of the cardiomyocytes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , it has been proposed that loss of imprinting of the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor gene and the consequent over production of IGF 2 may be involved in the aetiology of the Enlarged Offspring Syndrome , which occurs as an artefact of in vitro embryo production . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Nine IGF 2 negative and 19 IGF 2 positive lung cancers of different stages were selected , and M 6 P / IGF 2 receptor was determined immunohistochemically . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 1 , 25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D ( 3 ) increased the expression of IGF 2 receptors ( IGF IIR ) , which facilitated activation of latent TGF beta 1 , and was found to activate TGF beta signaling in Caco 2 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our findings suggest that the ovarian time bomb hypothesis can explain why some growth enhancing genes active in early embryogenesis [ e . g . , mouse insulin like growth factor 2 ( Igf 2 ) ] have evolved to be maternally rather than paternally inactive and why the opposite imprinting status has evolved at some growth inhibiting loci [ e . g . , mouse insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( Igf2r ) ] . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated whether expression of IGF 1 , IGF 2 and insulin receptors ( IGF IR , IGF IIR and IR ; measured by real time RT PCR ) and binding capacity ( Bmax ) of IGF IR , IGF IIR and IR in the mucosa of the small and large intestine of neonatal calves are modified by age and different feeding regimes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , only 5 . 3 % of hybrid embryos developed into blastocyst stage compared to 21 . 7 % in buffalo . mRNA phenotyping of insulin like growth factor family ( Insulin , insulin receptor , IGF 1 , IGF 1 receptor , IGF 2 , and IGF 2 receptor ) and glucose transporter isoforms ( GLUT 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ) in hybrid embryos clearly showed that these molecules were not expressed after 8 cell stage onward . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The IGF II / mannose 6 phosphate ( Man 6 P ) receptor ( IGF2R ) binds IGF 2 and Man 6 P bearing ligands at distinct binding sites . ^^^ LNCaP cells expressing a mutant IGF2R incompetent to bind IGF 2 ( IGF2RMyc I / T ) proliferated more rapidly than both vector transfected cells and cells expressing the IGF2RMyc . ^^^ The subcellular distribution and ability to internalize cell surface IGF 2 of IGF2RMyc were indistinguishable from endogenous IGF2R in PC 3 cells . ^^^ These data suggest that the IGF 2 and Man 6 P binding functions of the IGF2R have opposing activities , with respect to growth of prostate cancer cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We showed reliable and reproducible results in distinguishing overall methylation profiles of DMRs regions of human SNRPN , H 19 , MEST / PEG1 , LIT 1 , IGF 2 , TSSC 5 , WT 1 antisense , and mouse H 19 , Mest / Peg1 , Igf2R imprinted genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , we have extended physical maps of sheep and goat as 11 genes ( HSD3B1 , INHBA , CSN 10 , IGF2R , PIGR , MAP1B , DSC 1 , ELN , TNFRSF 6 , CGN 1 , IGF 2 ) and 14 genes ( SOD 1 , HSD3B1 , CSN 10 , IGF2R , RB 1 , TG , PIGR , MAP1B , IGH @ , LTF , DSC 1 , TNFRSF 6 , CGN 1 , IGF 2 ) were assigned for the first time to goat and sheep chromosomes , respectively . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Evol . 8 ( 2001 ) 239 ] and the IGF 2 receptor [ Mammal . ^^^ Point estimates for the marsupial placental split were 182 190 million years based on BRCA 1 and 185 187 million years based on the IGF 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Role of the IGF 2 receptor in mediating acute , non genomic effects of retinoids and IGF 2 on keratinocyte cell death . ^^^ Furthermore , analogues of IGF 2 [ leu 27 IGF 2 and Des ( 1 6 ) IGF 2 ] , with altered affinities for the IGF 1 receptor and IGF binding proteins ( IGFBPs ) , but retained affinities for the IGF 2 receptor , also completely inhibited ( 100 % ; P < 0 . 01 ) RA induced apoptosis , while an IGF 1 receptor antagonist did not reduce the survival effects of IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The calcium independent mannose 6 phosphate receptor ( CIMPR ) is a receptor for multiple ligands , including leukemia inhibitory factor ( LIF ) , an IL 6 type cytokine , and IGF 2 . ^^^ A natural soluble form of CIMPR ( sCIMPR ) neutralizes IGF 2 mitogenic potency on hepatocytes and fibroblasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Quantitative expression analysis of eight imprinted genes ( H 19 , Igf 2 , Igf2r , Air , Peg1 / Mest , Peg 3 , Nuronatin ( Nnat ) and Ndn ) and an alternate transcript of Igf 2 ( P 0 ) in embryonic stem cloned fetuses and placentae at days 9 . 5 , 12 . 5 and 17 . 5 after mating was carried out by real time PCR to investigate whether epigenetic modification of imprinted genes is responsible for overgrowth of the fetus and placental hypertrophy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Infusions of WDS or BTS after a fertile AI did not affect IGF 1 , IGF 1 receptor , or IGF 2 mRNA levels compared with gilts infused with BTS only , whereas the mRNA abundance for the IGF 2 receptor was decreased ( P < 0 . 05 ) in WDS infused gilts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) and IGF 2 receptor ( IGF2R ) are imprinted genes that play important roles in preimplantation development . ^^^ To obtain an insight into abnormal gene expression after nuclear transfer , we assessed the transcription patterns of IGF 2 IGF2R in single in vitro fertilised and cloned embryos by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) . ^^^ IGF2R expression did not differ significantly but IGF 2 was more highly expressed in cloned embryos than in IVF embryos ( p < 0 . 05 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In colostrum fed calves , DEXA decreased ( P < 0 . 05 ) mRNA levels of IGF 1 ( esophagus , fundus , duodenum , and ileum ) , IGF 2 ( fundus ) , IGFBP 2 ( fundus ) , IGFBP 3 ( fundus ) , IGF1R ( esophagus , ileum , and colon ) , IGF2R ( fundus ) , GHR ( fundus ) , and InsR ( esophagus , fundus ) , but in formula fed calves DEXA increased mRNA levels of IGF 1 ( esophagus , rumen , jejunum , and colon ) . ^^^ Furthermore , DEXA increased ( P < 0 . 05 ) mRNA levels of IGF 2 ( pylorus ) , IGFBP 3 ( duodenum ) , IGF2R ( pylorus ) , and GHR ( ileum ) , but decreased mRNA levels of IGFBP 2 ( ileum ) , and IGF1R ( fundus ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These data imply that , in contrast to growth related genes like Igf 2 , H 19 , Igf2r or Grb 10 , the methylation imprints of the analyzed neuronal genes in the Snurf / Snrpn cluster may be particularly stable in manipulated ES cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Imprinted genes ( H 19 , Igf 2 , Meg 3 , and Igf2r ) were expressed from the correct parental alleles ( maternal , paternal , maternal , and maternal , respectively ) in all ( n=12 ) day 9 . 5 fetuses derived from day 20 spermatids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Seventy two PCOS patients and 42 healthy controls were genotyped for 15 variants in the genes encoding for paraoxonase ( three variants ) , plasma cell differentiation antigen glycoprotein , human sorbin and SH 3 domain containing 1 , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 , peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 , protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B ( two variants ) , adiponectin ( two variants ) , IGF 1 , IGF 2 , IGF 1 receptor , and IGF 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , our microarray data demonstrated that IGF 2 expression was down regulated in sporadic microsatellite instability ( MSI H ) CRC and parallels under expression of hMLH 1 and IGF 2 receptor genes in these patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Four of the 111 genes disrupted in clones selected for resistance to infection by reovirus type 1 involved the insulin growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) pathway , including : the mannose 6 phosphate / IGF2 receptor ( Igf2r ) , a protease associated with insulin growth factor binding protein 5 ( Prss 11 ) , and the CTCF transcriptional regulator ( Ctcf ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human ICD lymphoblasts and fibroblasts derived from mice nullizygous for Igf 2 and the two mannose 6 phosphate ( M6P ) receptors , Mpr 300 and Mpr 46 , which develop an ICD like phenotype , were also resistant to CD 95 ligand and TNF , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 2 receptor ( IGF2R ) , the best studied imprinted gene in the IDDM 8 region , encodes the IGF 2 receptor , a protein involved in many biological processes , including immune function and beta cell regeneration . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This review considers the strength of evidence in support of this hypothesis for imprinted genes in four `` clusters , ' ' associated with the imprinted loci Igf 2 , Igf2r , callipyge , and Gnas . ^^^ The clusters associated with Igf 2 and Igf2r both contain paternally expressed transcripts that act as enhancers of prenatal growth and maternally expressed transcripts that act as inhibitors of prenatal growth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) , the insulin like growth factor receptor ( IGF 2 receptor ) , and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) in blastocysts was measured by real time RT PCR . ^^^ We did not find any effect of rhFSH treatment on IGF 2 , IGF 2 receptor , or VEGF expression in blastocysts compared with the control group . eCG treatment , however , significantly increased the expression of IGF 2 in blastocysts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report here that loss of Lsh specifically alters expression of the Cdkn1c gene ( also known as p 57 ( Kip 2 ) ) but does not interfere with maintenance of imprints at the H 19 , Igf 2 , Igf2r , Zac 1 and Meg 9 genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : The insulin like growth factor system , which includes insulin like growth factors ( IGF 1 and IGF 2 ) , IGF receptors ( IGF IR and IGF IIR ) and IGF binding proteins ( IGFBPs ) , plays an important role in epithelial growth , anti apoptosis and mitogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Growth hormone ( GH ) , insulin like growth factors 1 and 2 ( IGF 1 and IGF 2 ) and their associated binding proteins and transmembrane receptors ( GHR , IGF1R and IGF2R ) play an important role in the physiology of mammalian growth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They are referred to as cation dependent ( CD ) MPR and cation independent ( CI ) MPR / insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( IGF IIR ) , based on their divalent cation requirements and the ability to bind IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) was utilized to quantify the expression of the bovine Igf 2 , Igf2r , and H 19 genes in eight major organs ( brain , bladder , heart , kidney , liver , lung , spleen , and thymus ) of somatic cell cloned calves that died shortly after birth , in three tissues ( skin , muscle , and liver ) of healthy clones that survived to adulthood , and in corresponding tissues of control animals from natural reproduction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVE : The type 2 insulin like growth factor receptor ( IGF2R ) is thought to regulate insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) bioavailability by degrading it in the lysosomes after uptake . ^^^ DESIGN AND METHODS : The hypothesis was tested in a normal birth cohort ( Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children ) by genotyping the IGF2R gene gly1619arg polymorphism , which causes a non conservative amino acid change in the IGF 2 binding region , using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis . ^^^ CONCLUSION : Allelic variation in the gly1619arg SNP of the IGF2R gene is associated with disparity in childhood stature which could reflect altered binding of IGF 2 to its receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sections were processed for in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry . mRNA and protein expression profiles IGF 1 , IGF 2 , IGF IR , and IGF IIR mRNA were essentially identical . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Individuals underwent biopsy of the right vastus lateralis muscle , and real time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) amplification of mRNAs for insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) , IGF 2 , IGF 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) , IGF IIR , and myostatin ( 44 patients ) was performed . ^^^ RESULTS : Maintenance hemodialysis patients displayed significantly reduced mRNA levels for IGF IEa mRNA ( P < 0 . 05 ) , IGF 2 ( P < 0 . 001 ) , and IGF IR ( P < 0 . 001 ) , and no difference in mRNAs for IGF IEc , IGF IIR , or myostatin as compared to normal controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Impairments in growth factor and growth factor receptor expression and function were associated with increasing AD Braak stage dependent reductions in insulin , IGF 1 , and IGF 2 receptor binding , ATP levels , and choline acetyltransferase ( ChAT ) expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CREG binds to the cation independent mannose 6 phosphate ( M6P ) / insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) receptor ( IGF2R ) ( M6P / IGF2R ) , and this receptor has been shown to be required for CREG induced growth suppression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Among genes that were most significantly upregulated in carcinomas were 2 ubiquitin related genes ( USP 4 and UFD1L ) and several insulinlike growth factor related genes ( IGF 2 , IGF2R , IGFBP 3 and IGFBP 6 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Delayed onset of Igf 2 induced mammary tumors in Igf2r transgenic mice . ^^^ The insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) receptor ( IGF2R ) regulates the level or activity of numerous proteins , including factors that control growth and differentiation . ^^^ Lysosomal targeting and degradation of the growth promoting IGF 2 has been proposed as a mechanism for the tumor suppressor effects of IGF2R . ^^^ As a genetic test of this hypothesis in vivo , we have produced Igf2r transgenic mice that ubiquitously express the transgene and have crossed these mice with mice that develop mammary tumors as a consequence of Igf 2 overexpression . ^^^ Our findings indicate that the presence of the Igf2r transgene delays mammary tumor onset and decreases tumor multiplicity in Igf 2 transgenic mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Placental gene expression of Slc2a1 , Slc2a3 , Igf 2 , Igf2r and H 19 was not influenced by oxygen conditions during embryo culture . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Soluble IGF 2 receptor rescues Apc ( Min / + ) intestinal adenoma progression induced by Igf 2 loss of imprinting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The epigenetic marks on the IGF2R gene that encodes a receptor responsible for IGF 2 degradation consist of differentially methylated DNA in association with multiple modifications on the associated histones . ^^^ Both IGF 2 and IGF2R genesare imprinted in the mammal lineage that diverged from Monotremata approximately 150 million years ago . ^^^ While IGF 2 is consistently imprinted in all mammals following its divergence , IGF2R imprinting disappears in the Euarchonta lineage , including human species , approximately 75 million years ago . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Much attention has been devoted to the insulin like growth factor signalling pathway that has a major influence on fetal size and contains two components encoded by the oppositely imprinted genes , Igf 2 ( a growth promoting factor expressed from the paternal allele ) and Igf2r ( a growth inhibitory factor expressed from the maternal allele ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Disruption of the IGF 1 , IGF 2 or IGF1R gene retards fetal growth , whereas disruption of IGF2R or overexpression of IGF 2 enhances fetal growth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ligands of the IGF II / mannose 6 phosphate receptor ( IGF2R ) include IGF 2 and mannose 6 phosphate modified proteins . ^^^ Disruption of the negative regulatory effects of IGF2R on IGF 2 induced growth can lead to embryonic lethality and cancer promotion . ^^^ Of the 15 IGF2R extracellular domains , domains 1 3 and 11 are known to have a conserved beta barrel structure similar to that of avidin and the cation dependent mannose 6 phosphate receptor , yet only domain 11 binds IGF 2 with high specificity and affinity . ^^^ These findings have implications for the molecular architecture and evolution of the domain 11 IGF 2 binding site , and the potential interactions with other domains of IGF2R . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Retinoic acid ( RA ) , a derivative of vitamin A , is a ligand for the IGF 2 receptor ( IGF2R ) . ^^^ To evaluate the role of IGF2R or IGFBPs in mediating the actions of RA , the IGF 2 analogs [ Leu 27 ] IGF 2 ( 10 20 fold reduced IGF 1 receptor affinity ) and des ( 1 6 ) IGF 2 ( lower IGFBP binding affinity ) were used . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : These data implicate a novel antiproliferative role for RA in enhancing the pericellular clearance of IGF 2 via the IGF2R preventing ligand activation of the IGF 1 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , many genes that are under epigenetic regulation , such as globins , Igf 2 , Igf2r , andH 19 , showed differential expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The apoptosis , which might have been caused by the upregulation of IGF 2 and IGF IIR genes possibly activated the downstream calcineurin pathway , was synergistically augmented by Ang II . . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : This study explores the synergistic effect of cardiomyoblast apoptosis induced by angiotensin 2 ( Ang 2 ) and Insulin like growth factor ( IGF ) 1 resistance , and elucidates the role of IGF 2 via IGF 2 receptor ( R ) and calcineurin pathways in apoptosis induced by Ang 2 and IGF 1 resistance . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One mechanism by which IGF 2 availability is thought to be modulated is by binding to the nonsignaling IGF 2 receptor ( IGF2R ) . ^^^ The crystal structure of domain 11 of the human IGF 2 receptor ( IGF2R d 11 ) has identified a putative IGF 2 binding site , and a nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) solution structure for the IGF 2 ligand has also been characterized . ^^^ These structures have now been used to model in silico the protein protein interaction between IGF 2 and IGF2R d 11 using the program 3D Dock . ^^^ Only those models in which residue Ile 1572 of IGF2R d 11 , known to be essential for the binding of IGF 2 , was at the interface were considered further . ^^^ Furthermore , we demonstrate in vitro experimental support for this model by studying the binding of chimeras of IGF 1 and IGF 2 to IGF2R fragments . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They were assessed in right vastus lateralis muscle for insulinlike growth factor 1 ( IGF IEa and IGF IEc ) , IGF 2 , the IGF 1 receptor , the IGF 2 receptor , and myostatin . mRNA was measured by real time polymerase chain reaction amplification of reverse transcribed cDNA . ^^^ The results showed that in the MHD patients , as compared with the normal control patients , skeletal muscle mRNA levels for IGF IEa , IGF 2 , and the IGF 1 receptor were significantly reduced , whereas mRNA for IGF IEc , IGF 2 receptor , and myostatin were not different than normal . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 2 induced apoptosis was blocked by IGF IIR antibody and CsA . ^^^ The increased cardiac IGF 2 , IGF IIR , caspase 9 , and cellular apoptosis were also found in hypertensive rats with abdominal aorta ligation . . ^^^ Although IGF 2 activating the IGF 2 receptor signaling pathway has been found to stimulate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy , the role of IGF 2 in cardiac cell apoptosis remains unclear . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ACAA insertion / deletion polymorphism at the 3 ' UTR of the IGF 2 receptor gene is associated with type 2 diabetes and surrogate markers of insulin resistance . ^^^ OBJECTIVE : The IGF 2 receptor gene ( IGFIIR ) is located at chromosome 6q26 , a region that harbors a genetic marker linked to insulin resistant traits in Mexican Americans . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ethanol also reduced insulin , IGF 1 , and IGF 2 receptor binding , insulin and IGF 1 receptor tyrosine kinase activities , ATP , membrane cholesterol , and choline acetyltransferase ( ChAT ) expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gene expression study also revealed a decrease in relative abundance for IGF 2 and its receptor ( IGF2R ) , and heat shock protein 70 ( Hsp 70 ) genes in PVP 40 group and a significant elevation in fafBSA derived embryos . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The 14 residue region Arg 2410 Lys2423 of the human insulin like growth factor 2 receptor possesses the ability to stimulate Gi , the activity being dependent on two structural characteristics : ( 1 ) at least two basic residues at the N terminal side and ( 2 ) the C terminal motif , B B 10 B or B B 10 10 B ( where B is a basic residue and 10 is a non basic residue ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Metabolic actions of insulin like growth factor 2 in cultured adult rat hepatocytes are not mediated through the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , insulin stimulates the secretion of a soluble protein , adipsin , as well as translocation to the plasma membrane of integral membrane proteins , including the glucose transporter , the transferrin receptors , and the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phosphomannose binding proteins : the phosphomannosyl receptor and insulin like growth factor 2 receptor . ^^^ The identity of the phosphomannosyl receptor for lysosomal enzymes and the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor raises interesting questions regarding their function . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The nucleotide sequence for the full length cDNA and the deduced amino acid sequence for the cation independent mannose 6 phosphate receptor , which are reported here , are strikingly similar ( 99 . 8 % identical at the nucleotide level and 99 . 4 % identical at the amino acid level ) to those recently reported for the human insulin like growth factor 2 receptor from HepG 2 hepatoma cells ( Morgan , D . ^^^ These findings support the suggestion that the cation independent mannose 6 phosphate receptor for lysosomal enzymes is a multifunctional binding protein which is identical with the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The sequence of the hCI MPR was virtually identical to that of the human insulin like growth factor 2 receptor cDNA ( Morgan , D . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , expression of the T 3 plasma membrane binding protein was similar to that observed previously for the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor on these chondrosarcoma chondrocytes in not being influenced by the concentration of insulin in the culture medium . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The decrease in the insulin receptor binding activity is physiologically expressed as a dose dependent decrease of insulin responsiveness in the adipocyte with respect to two known responses , stimulation of insulin like growth factor 2 receptor binding and activation of the glucose transport system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mouse embryonic germ ( EG ) cell lines : transmission through the germline and differences in the methylation imprint of insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( Igf2r ) gene compared with embryonic stem ( ES ) cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A 2 Mb YAC contig linking the plasminogen apoprotein ( a ) gene family to the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( IGF2R ) gene on the telomeric region of chromosome 6 ( 6q26 q 27 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , when compared with the unlesioned animals , a differential time dependent response of [ 125I ] insulin like growth factor 1 binding sites was noted in selective layers of the hippocampus . [ 125I ] Insulin like growth factor 2 receptor binding sites showed a significant decrease ( P < 0 . 05 ) in the ipsilateral granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus only at day 14 post lesion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Insulin like growth factor 2 receptor expression in normal and N methyl N ' nitro nitrosoguanidine exposed cell lines : assessment by flow cytometry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The cytoplasmic tail of the 300 kDa mannose 6 phosphate receptor ( MPR 300 CT ) is thought to play an important role in sorting and targeting of lysosomal enzymes and the insulin like growth factor 2 along the biosynthetic and endocytic pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Further , in these embryos we investigated the well characterized methylation pattern of the maternally expressed insulin like growth factor 2 receptor gene ( Igf2r ) and found that the pattern of methylation was indeed different to that of fertilized control embryos . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We investigated efficacy and limitations of this PCR based approach for cDNA cloning by amplification of 5 ' and 3 ' RACE fragments and full length cDNAs of three members of the abundant human actin gene family ( 1 . 3 1 . 9 kb ) , the medium abundance transferrin receptor mRNA ( 5 . 0 kb ) and the low medium abundance insulin like growth factor 2 receptor mRNA ( 9 . 1 kb ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
FGFR 4 , insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( IGF2R ) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor ( HGFR ) could not be detected in both samples . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , [ 125I ] insulin like growth factor 2 binding showed a Kd of 0 . 1 nM and IC 50 values of 0 . 2 and 20 . 5 nM for insulin like growth factor 2 and insulin like growth factor 1 while insulin was inactive , a well established characteristic of the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor . ^^^ To investigate the respective internalization profile of [ 125I ] insulin like growth factor 1 and [ 125I ] insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ligand complexes in neurons , a technique of acid stripping was used . ^^^ Since the insulin like growth factor 1 receptor is coupled to tyrosine kinase activity , tyrphostin 47 , a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor . was used and shown to decrease [ 125I ] insulin like growth factor 1 but not the [ 125I ] insulin like growth factor 2 receptor internalization profile . ^^^ The insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ligand complex is likely internalized via a pathway possibly related to mannose phosphorylated residues as the insulin like growth factor II / mannose 6 phosphate receptor has been implicated in the intracellular targeting of lysosomal proteins containing glycosylated residues . ^^^ Taken together , our results indicate that primary hippocampal cultured neurons represent a unique model for investigating the differential role and intracellular trafficking of both insulin like growth factor 1 and insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ligand complexes and their relevance to the respective functional role of these two related trophic factors in the central nervous system . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The insulin like growth factor 2 receptor gene is mutated in genetically unstable cancers of the endometrium , stomach , and colorectum . ^^^ Because the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( IGFIIR ) gene contains several repetitive sequences within its coding region , we examined mutations of this gene in MI+ cancers occurring at various primary sites . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recently , the transforming growth factor beta receptor type 2 ( TGF beta RII ) and the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( IGF IIR ) genes were shown to have inactivating mutations within coding microsatellite sequences . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( IGFIIR ) gene has been identified as a coding region target of microsatellite instability in human gastrointestinal ( GI ) tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mannose 6 phosphate receptors ( M6PR , also called insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ) and M6PR transcripts remained unchanged in both experimental groups . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The dentate hilar region however , exhibited protracted decreases in [ 125I ] insulin like growth factor 1 receptor sites throughout ( i . e . 30 days ) the study . [ 125I ] Insulin like growth factor 2 receptor binding sites in the hippocampal formation were found to be differentially altered following systemic administration of kainic acid . ^^^ A significant decrease in [ 125I ] insulin like growth factor 2 receptor sites was observed in CA 1 subfield and the pyramidal cell layer of the Ammon ' s horn at all time points studied whereas the hilar region and the stratum radiatum did not exhibit alteration at any time . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two of the six patients exhibited frameshift mutations in mononucleotide repeats of mismatch repair genes , hMSH 3 and hMSH 6 , and the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor in restricted tumor areas , indicating additional alterations . ^^^ Insulin like growth factor 2 receptor mutations appear to be caused by hMSH 3 and hMSH 6 mutations because the former mutations were confined to tumor portions with the latter two mismatch repair lesions . ^^^ During tumorigenesis , primary mismatch repair failure may give rise to the secondary mismatch repair lesions , frameshift mutations of hMSH 3 and hMSH 6 , which result in another tumorigenic mutation in the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mismatch repair deficiency is thought to lead to mutation and inactivation of the genes for type 2 TGF beta receptor and insulin like growth factor 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The insulin like growth factor 2 receptor gene ( Igf2r ) , one of the first imprinted genes to be identified , is an attractive candidate for studying the molecular mechanism of genomic imprinting because it is transcribed monoallelically in the mouse but biallelically in humans . ^^^ Tissue specific imprinting of the mouse insulin like growth factor 2 receptor gene correlates with differential allele specific DNA methylation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To gain a deeper insight into its significance , we examined the frequency of RERs using nine microsatellite markers and screened mutations in the polydeoxyadenine tract of the transforming growth factor beta type 2 receptor gene ( TGF betaRII ) and polydeoxyguanine tracts of insulin like growth factor 2 receptor and BAX genes . ^^^ In 13 tumors with RERs in three or more loci , frameshift mutations of TGF betaRII , insulin like growth factor 2 receptor , and BAX were identified in 12 , 3 , and 2 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Microsatellites within the coding region of the transforming growth factor beta receptor type 2 ( RII ) and insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( IGF IIR ) genes were reported to be targets for mutation during the course of carcinogenesis in MI+ tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , frame shift mutations of BAX , insulin like growth factor 2 receptor , hMSH 3 and hMSH 6 were found in three cases , five cases , five cases and one case , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , mononucleotide repeats appear to be common downstream targets of MSI related mutagenesis and are present in the transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 gene ( TGF beta RII ) , the BAX proapoptosis gene , and the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor gene ( IGFIIR ) frequently in tumors arising in HNPCC kindreds . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : We found several genes and sequence tags with altered expression in nephrotic glomeruli including fragments with close homologies to cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 , integrin linked kinase , insulin like growth factor 2 receptor and eotaxin , and also clones resembling anchyrin and cadherin like consensus sequences . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The genes encoding transforming growth factor beta receptor type 2 ( TGFbetaRII ) , insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( IGFIIR ) , Bcl 2 associated 10 protein ( BAX ) , hMSH 3 and hMSH 6 have simple repeat sequences in their coding regions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Two models have been proposed to account for the molecular mechanism underlying genomic imprinting of the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor gene ( Igf2r ) : expression competition and promoter DNA methylation . ^^^ Lack of reciprocal genomic imprinting of sense and antisense RNA of mouse insulin like growth factor 2 receptor in the central nervous system . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Insulin receptor isoform A , a newly recognized , high affinity insulin like growth factor 2 receptor in fetal and cancer cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Frameshift mutations in mononucleotide repeat sequences within the transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 ( RII ) , insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( IGFIIR ) , and BAX genes were observed in 83 , 33 , and 25 per cent , respectively , of RER+ tumours . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Five cancers , excluding early colon cancer , were analyzed for instability in seven microsatellite markers and in transforming growth factor beta type 2 receptor , insulin like growth factor 2 receptor and BAX . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of the wild type insulin like growth factor 2 receptor gene suppresses growth and causes death in colorectal carcinoma cells . ^^^ The insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( IGFIIR ) has been implicated as a tumor suppressor gene in human malignancy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No replication errors were detected in six markers in the coding regions of the BAX , insulin like growth factor 2 receptor , transforming growth factor beta type 2 receptor , E2F 4 , hMSH 3 and hMSH 6 genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Variable accumulation of insulin like growth factor 2 in mouse tissues deficient in insulin like growth factor 2 receptor . ^^^ The insulin like growth factor 2 receptor mediates endocytosis of insulin like growth factor 2 , resulting in growth factor degradation in lysosomes . ^^^ Recent evidence suggests that the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor functions as a tumour suppressor in humans , and that loss of receptor function leads to increased levels of the growth factor in tumours . ^^^ Mutant hearts had less growth factor than wild type hearts , an unexpected observation , since the normal embryonic heart expresses very high levels of insulin like growth factor 2 receptor , and mutant mice apparently die of congestive heart failure . ^^^ These results indicate that lack of insulin like growth factor 2 receptor can lead to local excess of the growth factor but that such excess is not a necessary consequence of receptor deficiency . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutations of transforming growth factor beta 1 type 2 receptor , BAX , and insulin like growth factor 2 receptor genes in microsatellite unstable cell lines . ^^^ The type 2 receptor for TGF beta 1 ( TGF beta RII ) , the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( IGFIIR ) , and the proapoptotic gene BAX have been shown to contain mononucleotide microsatellites , and in MSI tumors , mutations may occur in these sequences late in the multistep carcinogenesis pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
About 15 % of sporadic colorectal carcinomas arise via a mechanism associated with microsatellite instability ( MSI ) and mutations in transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 ( TGFbetaRII ) , insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( IGFIIR ) and BAX , whilst the remaining 85 % are associated with aneuploidy and gross chromosomal rearrangements . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have examined methylation status of differentially methylated regions of insulin like growth factor 2 receptor gene during mouse senescence . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Eighty six regions from 16 MSI positive sporadic colorectal carcinomas were examined for mutations in repeat nucleotide sequences of the tumour suppressor genes transforming growth factor beta type 2 receptor ( TGFBRII ) , insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( IGFIIR ) , and BAX , and the mismatch repair genes MSH 3 and MSH 6 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PhIP may thereby promote tumorigenesis by mutating growth regulating genes that contain runs of guanines in their coding sequences , such as BAX , the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor IGFIIR , and even the mismatch repair gene hMSH6 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inhibitors were against serine proteases , plasmin , cathepsins , furin , and a neutralizing antibody against the mannose 6 phosphate / insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( M6P / IGF 2R ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mouse insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( Igf2r ) gene encodes two reciprocally imprinted RNA transcripts : paternally imprinted Igf2r sense and maternally imprinted Igf2r antisense . ^^^ Allele specific histone acetylation accompanies genomic imprinting of the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We then discuss the consistency of these predictions with currently available comparative data on the insulin like growth factor 2 insulin like growth factor 2 receptor system of mammals . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The genes examined were those encoding transforming growth factor beta type 2 receptor ( TGF betaRII ) , BCL 2 associated 10 protein ( BAX ) , and insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( IGF IIR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this study , we used bisulfite sequencing to determine the methylation dynamics of the imprinted genes small nuclear ribonucleoprotein N ( Snrpn ) , insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( Igf2r ) , mesoderm specific transcript ( Mest ; formerly Peg 1 ) , paternally expressed gene 3 ( Peg 3 ) , and H 19 fetal liver mRNA ( H 19 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results showed that , of the 5 genes tested , p 53 , insulin like growth factor 2 receptor and transforming growth factor beta receptor type 2 showed significant oxidative DNA damage in H . pylori positive tissues and that the BAX and beta ACTIN genes were relatively undamaged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differential expression of the mannose 6 phosphate / insulin like growth factor 2 receptor in human breast cancer cell lines of different invasive potential . ^^^ Since the mannose 6 phosphate / insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( M6P / IGF2R ) plays a central role in the intracellular transport and endocytosis of M6P containing lysosomal enzymes , a deficiency in functional M6P / IGF2R may underlie the hypersecretion of procathepsin D in invasive tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The following two genes were upregulated in AOD : laminin alpha 4 ( P < . 034 ) and insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( P < . 049 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our purpose was to evaluate inherited short tandem repeat polymorphisms of the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor gene ( IGF2R ) in oral cancer risk . ^^^ Insulin like growth factor 2 receptor gene 167 genotype increases the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma in humans . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Previous studies screening for quantitative trait loci ( QTLs ) that influence general intelligence in healthy individuals have identified four loci , two of which are located within the genes insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( IGF2R ) and the Msx 1 homeobox . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Oxidative damage was investigated on the two genes in gastric mucosal tissue infected with Helicobacter pylori , which were genes of glyceraldehydes 3 phosphate dehydrogenase ( GAPDH ) , a house keeping gene , and gene of insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( IGFIIR ) , a gene known to be mutated frequently in gastric carcinoma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At Igf2r ( encoding insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ) , a sequence called region 2 is needed for methylation of the active maternal allele . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( Igf2r ) , a maternally expressed imprinted gene , is triplicated in Ts43H trisomic mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We succeeded in RT PCR amplification against the full sequence of the coding region ( 8 . 9 kb ) of the Insulin like growth factor 2 receptor gene which has the area called the GC block of about 90 % GC contents at the 5 ' terminal . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Maternal inheritance of targeted loss of function alleles encoding either the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1C ( Cdkn1c ) or the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( Igf2r ) leads to fully penetrant perinatal lethality in C57BL / 6J mice due to genomic imprinting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using photoaffinity labeling , tail interacting protein 47 , an insulin like growth factor 2 receptor binding protein , was identified as the molecular target . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mouse insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( Igf2r ) gene and its antisense transcript Air are reciprocally imprinted in most tissues , but in the brain , Igf2r is biallelically expressed despite the imprinted Air expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Bax , E cad , IF tau , Hsp ( heat shock protein ) 70 , Igf2r ( insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ) , DNMT ( DNA methyltransferase ) 1 and Mash ( mammalian achaete scute homologue ) 2 genes were selected for gene expression analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identification of the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor as a novel receptor for binding and invasion by Listeria monocytogenes . ^^^ Here , for the first time , we have identified the insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( IGFIIR ; also known as the cation independent mannose 6 phosphate receptor ( CI ) M6PR or CD 222 ) as a novel receptor for binding and invasion of Listeria species . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The reproducibility of constructing a cDNA library was tested by five independent PCR experiments with specific primers for the presence of several rare genes such as DNMT 1 ( DNA methylation transferase 1 ) , DNMT 2 , DNMT3A , Oct 4 / 3 ( octmer binding transcription factor ) , IFN iota , IGF 2r ( insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ) , and the housekeeping genes , H2A and beta actin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The second set of genetic alterations are etiological nonspecific , it includes recurrent gains and losses of chromosomes , alteration of TP 53 gene , activation of WNT / beta catenin pathway through CTNNB1 / beta catenin and AXIN ( axis inhibition protein ) mutations , inactivation of retinoblastoma and IGF2R ( insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ) pathways through inactivation of RB 1 ( retinoblastoma 1 ) , P 16 and IGF2R . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Additionally the receptors mediate the secretion ( MPR 46 ) and the endocytosis ( MPR 300 ) of lysosomal enzymes and the binding of IGFII ( MPR 300 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The larger of the two receptors with an M ( r ) of approximately 300 , 000 ( MPR 300 ) , which also binds IGFII , appears to have a dominant role in lysosomal enzyme targeting , while the function of the smaller receptor with an M ( r ) of 46 , 000 ( MPR 46 ) is less clear . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chicken IgY antibodies specifically recognized the human and bovine 270 kDa M6P / IGFII R but not the 46 kDa M6P R , as documented by immunoprecipitation and immunobloting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P11717	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA