Pubmed abstracts for Protein-Protein Interaction search result :

Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.83977136
Radioreceptor cross linking indicated that IGF 2 interacted principally with the IGF 1 receptor , although low levels of the IGF II / mannose 6 phosphate receptor were also expressed on the cell surface . 0.83977136^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.67478027
Detailed receptor assays performed on microsomal and plasma membranes gave evidence that 125I IGF 2 binds with high affinity ( 70 80 pM ) to the IGF 1 receptor and with low affinity ( 2 4 nM ) to the IGF 2 receptor , and not conversely . 0.67478027^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.57907813
We have previously reported that IGF 2 binds the extracellular matrix protein vitronectin ( VN ) with an affinity similar to that for the type 1 IGF receptor ( IGF 1R ) . 0.57907813^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :1.294143
Although Tam R cells expressed reduced IGF IR protein levels compared with their wild type MCF 7 counterparts , phosphorylated IGF IR protein levels were equivalent in the two cell lines under basal growth conditions , possibly as a consequence of increased IGF 2 expression in Tam R cells . 1.294143^^^ IGF 2 activated both IGF IR and EGFR in Tam R cells , whereas only activation of IGF IR was observed in wild type cells . 0.50507491^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Insulin and IGF 2 from the circulation can interact with the IGF 1 receptor at higher concentrations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The contribution of binding to the IGF 1 receptor was estimated by competition with unlabeled IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and insulin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ratio of potency of IGF I / IGF 2 was 1 : 5 for the IGF 1 receptor and 100 : 1 for the IGF 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Increased serum had no effect on levels of IGF 2 mRNA , IGFIR , IGFBP 4 mRNA , or IGFBP secreted in MI 7 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The actions of IGF 1 and IGF 2 are mediated via the IGF 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Tumor cells from patient 2 exhibited IGF 2 , IGF IR and IGF binding proteins 1 3 mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The insulin like growth factor 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) mediates the biological actions of IGF 1 and IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A significant increase in the expression of IGF 1 , IGF 2 , the IGF 1 receptor , and the insulin receptor also was noted . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both ligands ( IGF 1 and IGF 2 ) signal via the same IGF receptor ( IGF IR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The IGFs , IGF 1 and IGF 2 , regulate fetal growth by activating IGF type 1 receptors ( IGF IR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF IR ligands , IGF 1 and IGF 2 , are mitogens and survival factors for many cancer cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In SKUT 1 leiomyoma cells this fetal IR isoform may vicariate the IGF IR for cell response to both insulin and IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
There are three ligands for IGF 1R : IGF 1 , IGF 2 and insulin at supraphysiological concentrations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 2 induced apoptosis could not be inhibited by a blocking antibody to the IGF 1 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF Ir / dn blocked Akt 1 activation induced by IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and des ( 1 3 ) IGF 1 , but not by insulin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The actions of IGF 1 and IGF 2 are thought to be largely due to their activation of the IGF 1 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mRNA expression of IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and IGF 1 receptor ( IGF 1R ) increased during injury . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The insulin like growth factor 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) mediates the biological actions of both IGF 1 and IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mitogenic and metabolic actions of IGF 2 are propagated by the IGF 1 receptor . ^^^ In this scenario IGF 2 promotes the growth of the embryo through the IGF 1 receptor , whereas the IGF II / Man 6 P receptor balance the activity by controlling the extracellular level of IGF II . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The actions of the IGFs are mediated through their activation of specific cell surface receptors , primarily the IGF 1 receptor , although some effects may be mediated through the IGF 2 receptor and the insulin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The tyrosine kinase activity of the IGF 1 receptor beta subunit was stimulated by IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and insulin , in order of potency , suggesting that these peptides exert a regulatory function in the choroid plexus epithelium . ^^^ In conclusion , we propose that the IGF 1 receptor tyrosine kinase on the surface of the epithelial cells in the pig choroid plexus mediates effects of IGF 1 and IGF 2 , whereas IGF 2 receptors are down regulated due to the synthesis and secretion of IGF 2 in these cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An antibody that blocks the IGF 1 receptor does not inhibit either peptide activity , while an antibody specific for the IGF 2 receptor suppresses the IGF 2 induced motility . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Preimplantation parthenogenetic mouse embryos expressed mRNA for the IGF 2 receptor but not for either IGF 2 ligand or the IGF 1 receptor , indicating that the latter genes are not expressed when inherited maternally . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The data indicate that the IGF 1 receptor thus appears to be the common pathway for the mitogenic activity of IGF 1 and IGF 2 with regard to human lung cancer cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Solution hybridization / RNase protection assays were used to study the developmental expression of the insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) , IGF 2 , IGF 1 receptor , and IGF II / mannose 6 phosphate receptor genes in the rat ovary between postnatal days 1 80 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It emerges from these experiments that C 2 cells express a putative alpha 2 beta 2 IGF 2 receptor structurally related to the insulin / IGF 1 receptor family . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Proliferation of the most differentiated T ALL Jurkat and JMP was inhibited only by alpha IR 3 and 2C2 , an antibody directed against the IGF 2 receptor , suggesting that IGF 1 or IGF 2 acting via the IGF 1 receptor or IGF 2 receptor may be involved in proliferation of these cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , MCF 7 cells were stimulated 4 5 fold with IGF 1 and insulin , while IGF 2 was only slightly less potent . alpha IR 3 , a monoclonal antibody directed against the IGF 1 receptor , was stimulatory when added alone . ^^^ These data suggest that alpha IR 3 and IGF 1 are acting as agonists through the IGF 1 receptor , but that insulin and IGF 2 are acting through other receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These data demonstrated a 135 , 000 Mr peptide that specifically binds radiolabeled IGF 1 and corresponds to the alpha subunit of the type 1 IGF IR , and a 260 , 000 Mr peptide that specifically binds radiolabeled IGF 2 and corresponds to the type 2 IGFR . ^^^ We have additionally found that IGF 1 and IGF 2 ( in nanomolar concentrations ) produce as much as a threefold enhancement of T cell proliferation early in the activation process , correlating with the early appearance of IGF IR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The IGF 2 gene is thus expressed at high levels in the mesenchymal stroma of the decidua to establish potentially short range communication with primarily IGF 1 receptor positive mesenchymal stroma cells . ^^^ Conversely , the glandular and surface epithelia coexpress the IGF 1 receptor and IGF 1 genes , while the IGF 2 gene is not detected above background levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An analysis of the processes involved revealed that progestins increased the biosynthesis of a ligand for IGF 1 receptor , IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Rat somatotroph insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) signaling : role of the IGF 1 receptor . ^^^ Fifty percent competition for [ 125I ] IGF 1 binding by IGF 1 and IGF 2 in GC rat pituitary cells demonstrated a 14 fold lesser affinity of the IGF 2 ligand for the IGF 1 receptor compared to IGF 1 ; therefore , the binding affinity of IGF 2 for the IGF 1 receptor correlates with the concentration of IGF 2 required for 50 % GH inhibition . ^^^ In contrast , cells transfected with a truncated IGF 1 receptor cDNA lacking the cytoplasmic receptor beta subunit ( 952STOP ) failed to transduce the IGF 2 signal , indicating that functional IGF 1 receptors are required for IGF 2 signaling . ^^^ In addition , a mutant IGF ligand , [ Leu 27 ] IGF 2 , which selectively exhibits high affinity for the type 2 receptor , but only minimal binding to the IGF 1 receptor , did not attenuate GH secretion . ^^^ However , the analog [ Arg 54 , Arg 55 ] IGF 2 , which exhibits high affinity to the IGF 1 receptor , but no binding to the type 2 receptor , appropriately suppressed GH secretion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The IGFs act through two types of specific membrane receptors : the so called `` type 1 ' ' or IGF 1 receptor , and the `` type 2 ' ' or IGF 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the mouse , IGF 2 ligand and receptor mRNAs were not expressed until the 2 cell stage , and the insulin and IGF 1 receptor mRNAs were not detectable until the 8 cell stage . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The temporal patterns of endometrial expression for mRNAs encoding insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) , IGF 2 , IGF binding protein 2 ( IGFBP 2 ) , and the type 1 IGF receptor ( IGF IR ) were elucidated in cyclic and pregnant pigs . ^^^ IGF 2 and IGF IR mRNAs remained low during this period . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
All these effects were achieved with EC50s of approximately 60 pM IGF 1 , which is in the range for IGF 1 receptor mediation ; however , cross reaction with insulin , IGF 2 , or other unknown receptors is not excluded . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , chimeric receptors containing exon 3 of the IGF IR could also bind with high affinity both IGF 1 and IGF 2 . ^^^ These results indicate that ( 1 ) the high affinity of binding of insulin to its receptor can occur in the absence of insulin receptor specific residues encoded by exon 3 , the cysteine rich region ; ( 2 ) the cysteine rich region of the IGF 1 receptor can confer high affinity binding to both IGF 1 and IGF 2 ; and 3 ) the IRR is unlikely to be a receptor for either IGF 1 , IGF 2 , or relaxin . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
AM expressed IGF II / M6P receptors as detected by [ 125 ] IGF 2 surface binding that was not reduced by recombinant IGF 1 or IGF 1 receptor monoclonal antibody ( alpha IR 3 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Fibroblast growth factor inhibits insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) gene expression and increases IGF 1 receptor abundance in BC3H 1 muscle cells . ^^^ We have previously reported that muscle cell differentiation is associated with down regulation of the IGF 1 receptor at the level of gene expression that is concomitant with an increase in the expression and secretion of IGF 2 . ^^^ Furthermore , treatment of myoblasts with IGF 2 resulted in a similar decrease in IGF 1 receptor mRNA abundance , suggesting an autocrine role of IGF 2 in IGF 1 receptor regulation . ^^^ To explore further the role of IGF 2 in IGF 1 receptor regulation , BC3H 1 mouse muscle cells were exposed to differentiation medium in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor ( FGF ) , a known inhibitor of myogenic differentiation . ^^^ These studies indicate that FGF may up regulate IGF 1 receptor expression in muscle cells through inhibition of IGF 2 peptide expression and further support the concept of an autocrine role of IGF 2 in IGF 1 receptor regulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , progestins also increased the secretion of IGF 2 , a ligand for the IGF 1 receptor . ^^^ The addition of exogenous IGF 2 to T47D cells down regulated both IGF 1 receptor binding and IGF 1 receptor mRNA abundance . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This conclusion is supported by the following observations . 1 ) Myogenin mRNA is elevated by IGF 1 , with a concentration dependency that parallels the stimulation of differentiation , including a decrease in stimulation at higher concentrations . 2 ) The time course of elevation of myogenin mRNA is consistent with its acting as an intermediate in the signalling pathway between occupancy of the IGF 1 receptor and induction of expression of muscle specific genes . 3 ) Inhibitors of myogenesis also inhibit elevation of myogenin mRNA in response to IGF 1 . 4 ) An antisense oligonucleotide to the N terminus of myogenin prevents the stimulation of differentiation by IGF 1 and IGF 2 , but has no effect on other actions of IGF 1 on myoblasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The design , expression , and characterization of human insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) mutants specific for either the IGF II / cation independent mannose 6 phosphate receptor or IGF 1 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The presence of the IGF 1 receptor and the absence of IGF 2 and insulin receptors are discussed in relation to the capacity of PA 3 cells to produce bone lesions on the L W rat . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The IGF 1 receptor alpha subunit ( Mr 125 , 000 ) binds IGF 1 with a KD of 1 nM and IGF 2 with 10 times lower affinity . ^^^ Proliferation of neuronal precursor cells is stimulated by IGF 1 and IGF 2 via activation of the IGF 1 receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 2 did not stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of its own receptor , but was 25 % as active as IGF 1 in stimulating phosphorylation of the IGF 1 receptor . ^^^ These data indicate that the IGF 1 receptor can be activated upon binding of IGF 1 , and to a lesser extent IGF 2 , in intact cells to mediate cellular events . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The IGF 1 induced change in IGFBP levels was not a type 1 IGF receptor mediated effect on IGFBP synthesis because ( a ) high concentrations of insulin did not mimic IGF 1 ' s effect ; ( b ) IGF 2 and IGF 1 analogues having reduced affinity for the IGF 1 receptor were equipotent with IGF 1 in increasing medium IGFBPs ; ( c ) [ QAYL ] IGF 1 , and IGF 1 analogue having normal receptor affinity and decreased affinity for IGFBPs , had no effect ; and ( d ) alpha IR 3 , a monoclonal antibody specific for the type 1 IGF receptor , did not block IGF 1 stimulated increases in IGFBPs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mechanisms responsible for the transient increment in IGF 1 receptor number were not assessed , although it is likely that the decline in IGF 1 receptor content after 72 hours in differentiation medium was a consequence of down regulation by the IGF 2 that accumulated in the medium ( 35 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 2 binds to two receptors on the surface of many cell types : the IGF 1 receptor and the mannose 6 phosphate ( Man 6 P ) / IGF 2 receptor . ^^^ There is consensus that the cellular effects of IGF 2 are mediated by the IGF 1 receptor via activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It thus appears that IGF 1 and IGF 2 are mitogens for normal and transformed human keratinocytes and that their actions are primarily mediated through the type 1 IGF receptor , whereas insulin is a mitogen through both the IGF 1 receptor and the insulin receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 2 peptide gene expression was detected in myoblasts and increased 15 fold with differentiation ; the increase in IGF 2 gene expression preceded the decrease in IGF 1 receptor gene expression . ^^^ To explore the potential role of endogenous IGF 2 in the differentiation associated decrease in IGF 1 receptor expression , we investigated the effects of IGF 2 treatment in myoblasts . ^^^ The addition of IGF 2 to undifferentiated myoblasts resulted in downregulation of the IGF 1 receptor which was associated with decreased IGF 1 receptor biosynthesis and decreased IGF 1 receptor mRNA abundance . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Consistent with these findings , IGF 1 activates hexose uptake by Xenopus oocytes with a KA ( 3 nM ) identical with its KD , while IGF 2 and insulin activate hexose uptake with KA values of 50 nM and 200 250 nM , respectively , suggesting activation mediated through an IGF 1 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In BALB / c 3T3 cells pretreated with platelet derived growth factor ( PDGF ) and epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) ( primed competent cells ) , insulin like growth factors 1 and 2 ( IGF 1 and IGF 2 ) bind to their own receptors ( IGF IR and IGF IIR ) and stimulate calcium influx and DNA synthesis by a mechanism involving a 40 kDa pertussis toxin substrate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , the p SMC and HV SMC expressed similar levels of message for the genes N myc , L myc , Ha ras , fos , sis , myb , LDL receptor , EGF receptor , IGF 1 receptor , IGF 2 , and HMG CoA reductase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The relative affinities of IGF 1 and IGF 2 for the primary IGF 1 receptor correlate with their anabolic activities in bone cultures and suggest that the IGF 1 receptor mediates the growth promoting effects of both agents in bone . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We conclude that Man 6 P containing proteins and IGF 2 act as mitogens in developing brain by interaction with the Man 6 P / IGF 2 receptor and the IGF 1 receptor , respectively . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 1 receptor alpha subunits ( Mr approximately 130 , 000 ) bound IGF 1 and IGF 2 with identical affinity ( Kd approximately 1 nM ) and insulin with about 1000 times lower affinity . ^^^ IGF 1 and IGF 2 stimulated tyrosine kinase activity and autophosphorylation of the IGF 1 receptor beta subunit ( Mr approximately 94 , 000 ) with equal potency ( ED 50 approximately 1 nM ) , whereas insulin was approximately 5 times less potent . ^^^ It is concluded that IGF 1 and IGF 2 can exert their biological effects in chromaffin cells by activation of the IGF 1 receptor tyrosine kinase or by interaction with the IGF 2 receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present studies , we show that a monoclonal antibody to the IGF 1 receptor , alpha IR 3 , inhibits the binding of IGF 1 but not IGF 2 to the expressed receptor in intact cells and after solubilization . ^^^ These results indicate that alpha IR 3 binds to the IGF 1 receptor in such a way that it does not inhibit the binding of IGF 2 but does inhibit the subsequent ability of the receptor to be activated to transmit a signal . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By studying IGF 2 ' s growth promoting activity in these cells in a wide range of concentrations , we show that IGF 2 triggers its mitogenic response via IGF II / M6P receptor at low concentrations , whereas it is mainly acting via IGF 1 receptor at high concentrations . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) : a potential autocrine / paracrine growth factor for human breast cancer acting via the IGF 1 receptor . ^^^ Affinity labeling studies revealed that IGF 2 could also compete for binding to the 130 , 000 mol wt alpha subunit of the IGF 1 receptor . ^^^ A monoclonal antibody to the IGF 1 receptor inhibited the mitogenic effects of IGF 2 in MCF 7L and MDA 231 cells , suggesting that this receptor mediates the growth effects of IGF 2 in these breast cancer cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 1 receptor alpha subunit ( MW 130 , 000 ) bind IGF 1 and IGF 2 with equal affinity ( Kd approximately 4 7 nM ) , and insulin with approximately 100 times lower affinity . ^^^ Tyrosine kinase activity and autophosphorylation of the IGF 1 receptor beta subunit ( MW 95 , 000 ) are stimulated by IGF 1 and IGF 2 with equal potency ( ED 50 approximately 0 . 5 nM ) . ^^^ Activation of thymocytes by concanavalin A increased the number of IGF 2 receptors 2 fold , whereas IGF 1 receptor binding and IGF stimulated amino acid transport were unaltered . ^^^ We conclude that the effect of IGF 1 and IGF 2 in thymocytes is mediated via binding to the IGF 1 receptor and stimulation of its tyrosine kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An MAb that specifically binds to the IGF 1 receptor ( but not to the insulin receptor ) mediates a dose dependent inhibition of cell growth in basal media as well as IGF 1 , IGF 2 , or insulin supplemented media . ^^^ The IGF 1 receptor thus appears to be the common pathway for the mitogenic activity by IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and insulin for human SCLC cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The CIM6PR / IGF2R locus in man is asyntenic with the genes encoding IGF 2 ( IGF 2 ) , the IGF 1 receptor ( IGF1R ) , and the cation dependent mannose 6 phosphate receptor ( CDM6PR ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In myoblasts , the effects of the two IGFs appeared to be in part mediated by the IGF 1 receptor and in part mediated by either the IGF 2 receptor or another type of IGF 1 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Competition studies with insulin , IGF 2 , and an anti IGF 1 receptor antibody are consistent with the presence of specific IGF 1 receptors , and SDS PAGE showed binding to a 130 kDa subunit identical to that of receptors from human placenta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Unlabeled insulin competed poorly for the IGF 1 receptor , requiring 5000 ng / ml ( 667 nM ) to cause a 50 % reduction in binding , and did not compete at all for the IGF 2 receptor at concentrations up to 10 ( 5 ) ng / ml ( 17 . 8 microM ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Affinity cross linking of 125I IGF 2 to the Mr = 250 , 000 type 2 IGF receptor structure in rat liver membranes was blocked by the anti receptor Ig , while no effect on affinity labeling of insulin receptor with 125I insulin or IGF 1 receptor with 125I IGF 1 or 125I IGF 2 was observed . ^^^ Rat hepatoma H 35 cells contain insulin and IGF 2 receptor , but not IGF 1 receptor , and respond half maximally to insulin at 10 ( 10 ) M and to IGF 2 at higher concentrations with increased cell proliferation ( Massague , J . , Blinderman , L . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Insulin ( 10 ( 5 ) mol / L ) , which binds to the IGF 1 receptor , but not to the IGF 2 receptor or IGFBPs , displaced 39 + / 8 % of [ 125I ] IGF 1 binding in glomeruli , 60 + / 7 % in the tubulo interstitial cortex , and 32 + / 7 % in the medulla . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results show significantly increased levels of IGF mRNA in old healthy and BPH affected subjects ; the respective rises for IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and IGF 1 receptor mRNAs were 3 . 0 , 2 . 9 , and 1 . 5 fold ( BPH ) and 2 . 7 , 2 . 4 , and 1 . 8 fold ( old normal controls ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) is more potent than IGF 1 in stimulating cortisol secretion from cultured bovine adrenocortical cells : interaction with the IGF 1 receptor and IGF binding proteins . ^^^ Although both IGF receptors are present in adult bovine adrenocortical cells , the effect of IGF 2 seems to be mediated through interaction with the IGF 1 receptor , as [ Arg 54 , 55 ] IGF 2 , which only binds to the IGF 1 receptor , was equipotent to native IGF 2 , whereas [ Leu 27 ] IGF 2 , which preferentially binds to the type 2 IGF receptor , did not show any effect . ^^^ In conclusion , these results demonstrate that 1 ) IGF 2 stimulates basal as well as ACTH induced cortisol secretion from bovine adrenocortical cells more potently than IGF 1 ; 2 ) this effect is mediated through interaction of IGF 2 with the IGF 1 receptor ; 3 ) bovine adrenocortical cells synthesize various IGFBPs that are induced differentially by ACTH ; and 4 ) IGFBPs apparently play a modulatory role in IGF induced stimulation of adrenal steroidogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When parthenote blastocysts were supplied with the insulin like growth factor 1 receptor ( Igf 1r ) and insulin like growth factor 2 ( Igf 2 ) , two genes not detectable in parthenote blastocysts by in situ hybridization , the ICM population was maintained . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A monoclonal antibody directed against the IGF 1 receptor also inhibited changes in protein turnover provoked by recombinant human IGF 1 but not IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reverse transcription PCR was then used to assess the relative abundance of mRNAs for actin , glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase , Na+ , K ( + ) ATPase , Sp 1 , TATA box binding protein TBP , IGF 1 , IGF 2 , IGF 1 receptor , and IGF 2 receptor in embryos that developed in vivo and in vitro using KSOM / AA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Normal freshly collected lymphocytes expressed mRNAs for both IGF 1 receptor and IGF 2 receptor but no expression of the corresponding growth factors was detectable . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Growing oocytes in infant and mature ovaries expressed transcripts for IGF 1 and IGF 2 , respectively , and all oocytes expressed abundant IGF 1 receptor transcripts , raising the possibility of autocrine IGF function in oocyte maturation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Alternatively , the association of IGF 2 with another IGFBP would inhibit this binding and lead to its autocrine or intracrine mitogenic action via the IGF 1 receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , the determinants of IGF 2 binding to IGFBPs partially overlap those for the IGF II / mannose 6 phosphate receptor and overlap those for the IGF 1 receptor to a lesser extent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 2 and IGF IIE 21 stimulated DNA synthesis via the IGF 1 receptor , whereas the IGF II / Man 6 P receptor mediated their rapid internalization and inactivation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 1 receptor and IGF 2 receptor messenger RNAs ( mRNAs ) are both selectively concentrated in developing chondrocytes and osteoblasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Total RNA was extracted from these cells , and the expression of IGF 1 , IGF 2 , IGF 1R , and DNA polymerase alpha was measured by reverse transcriptase PCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Therefore , we evaluated 29 human sarcoma specimens for expression of IGF 1 receptor , IGF 1 , and IGF 2 by competitive binding and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) techniques . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reduced IGF 2 expression was associated with a decrease in IGF 1 receptor number that was high in proliferating cells ( approximately 80 , 000 binding sites / cell ) and reduced by 4 fold in differentiated cells . ^^^ IGF 2 acted through the IGF 1 receptor , since both basal and IGF 2 stimulated cell proliferation was inhibited by the monoclonal antibody alpha IR 3 , which blocks the binding sites of the IGF 1 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , we demonstrated that the inhibition of binding of IGF 2 to the IGF 1 receptor , mediated by suramin , blocked the growth of RMS cells in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The dose / response curves of the two IGF 2 species were indistinguishable in radioreceptor assays utilizing the IGF II / mannose 6 phosphate receptor and the IGF 1 receptor and in IGF competitive binding assays utilizing partially purified IGF binding proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) analog with highly selective affinity for IGF 2 receptors stimulates differentiation , but not IGF 1 receptor down regulation in muscle cells . ^^^ IGF 2 , the principal IGF peptide expressed by differentiating muscle cells , has been implicated in at least two autocrine / paracrine actions in this tissue : stimulation of differentiation and down regulation of the IGF 1 receptor . ^^^ In IGF 1 receptor down regulation studies , IGF 2 pretreatment significantly decreased binding of IGF 1 to the IGF 1 receptor and decreased IGF 1 receptor mRNA , whereas the IGF 2 analog had only minimal effects . ^^^ Thus , in addition to the IGF 1 receptor which has been previously found to signal IGF induced myogenesis , these results implicate a role for the IGF 2 receptor in this process . ^^^ In contrast , IGF 1 receptor down regulation induced by IGF 2 is mediated through IGF 1 , but not IGF 2 , receptors in muscle cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have previously demonstrated that treatment of myoblasts with IGF 2 decreased IGF 1 receptor biosynthesis and steady state mRNA levels . ^^^ In addition , muscle cell differentiation was associated with a marked increase in the expression and secretion of IGF 2 followed by similar down regulation of the IGF 1 receptor , suggesting an autocrine role for IGF 2 in this process . ^^^ To explore further the mechanisms by which IGF 2 decreases IGF 1 receptor expression in BC3H 1 muscle cells , dose response studies of IGF 1 and 2 treatment on the amount of IGF 1 receptor mRNA were carried out . ^^^ In addition , to determine whether IGF 2 decreases IGF 1 receptor expression by stimulating receptor protein degradation , pulse / chase experiments with [ 35S ] methionine / cysteine were carried out . ^^^ At low concentrations , IGF 1 was more potent than IGF 2 in inhibiting IGF 1 receptor mRNA accumulation , suggesting that IGF 1 receptor down regulation induced by IGF 2 is mediated principally through the IGF 1 receptor in these cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Blockade of the insulin like growth factor 1 receptor inhibits growth of human colorectal cancer cells : evidence of a functional IGF 2 mediated autocrine loop . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Virtually all members of the GH / IGF axis are present in the kidney , comprising : 1 ) GH receptors ; 2 ) IGF 1 and IGF 2 mRNA ; 3 ) distinct receptors for IGFs : the IGF 1 receptor and the IGF 2 / mannose 6 phosphate receptor , and 4 ) specific binding proteins ( IGFBPs ) , indicating that GH and IGFs may affect the kidney in both an endocrine and autocrine / paracrine fashion . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine whether the capacity to produce and respond to these growth factors changes during skeletal development , we measured the protein and mRNA levels for IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and their receptors ( IGF IR and IGF IIR , respectively ) in the tibia and femur of rats before and up to 28 mo after birth . ^^^ In the prenatal bones , the signals for the mRNAs of IGF 2 and IGF IIR were stronger than the signals for the mRNAs of IGF 1 and IGF IR , although the content of IGF 1 was three to fivefold greater than that of IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An IGF 1 receptor blocking antibody blocks the effects of IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and insulin , indicating that the effects are indeed mediated through the IGF 1 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) , IGF 2 , and the type 1 IGF receptor ( IGF IR ) gene transcripts were localized in sections of ovine uterus collected from 53 ewes at different stages during the estrous cycle and the first 3 weeks of pregnancy using in situ hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotides . ^^^ Comparisons between pregnant and nonpregnant ewes on days 2 15 after estrus did not reveal any clear pregnancy associated differences in either the sites or levels of IGF 1 , IGF 2 , or IGF IR gene transcription . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunofluorescence microscopy was carried out on twelve meningotheliomatous meningiomas using antibodies directed against insulin , IGF 1 , IGF 2 , insulin receptor and IGF 1 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We believe that several medium components contribute to the suppression of IGF 2 expression in myoblasts incubated in high serum `` growth ' ' medium , and conclude that the IGF 1 receptor mediates the feedback inhibition of IGF 2 gene expression in muscle cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We used mRNA phenotyping to examine the tissue specific transcription of Igf 1r , H ras 1 , and Gabrb 3 , which map to chromosome 7 between Snrpn and the Igf 2 / H19 domain , and Myod 1 , which maps proximal to Snrpn . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Human osteosarcoma ( U 2 OS ) cells express both insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) receptors and insulin like growth factor II / mannose 6 phosphate ( IGF II / M6P ) receptors and synthesize IGF 2 : autocrine growth stimulation by IGF 2 via the IGF 1 receptor . ^^^ The anti IGF 1 receptor antibody alpha IR 3 blocked the IGF 1 and IGF 2 stimulated increase of 3H thymidine uptake . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MAb 1H7 inhibited the binding of IGF 1 and IGF 2 to the IGF 1 receptor while 2C8 had no effect on the binding of either ligand to the receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Binding of [ 125I ] IGF 1 was inhibited by IGF 1 ( half max . 7 . 5 ng / ml ) , IGF 2 ( half max . 60 ng / ml ) , and insulin and anti IGF 1 receptor antibody ( alpha IR 3 ) . [ 125I ] IGF 2 was inhibited by IGF 2 ( half max . 15 ng / ml ) , IGF 1 ( half max . 500 ng / ml ) , insulin ( half max . 250 ng / ml ) but not by alpha IR 3 . ^^^ Probes were labeled with [ 32P ] dCTP using a random prime labeling procedure : a Pst 1 700 bp fragment of the human IGF 1 cDNA , a 554 bp Pst 1 Sal 1 fragment of the IGF 2 cDNA , a 614 bp Pst 1 fragment of the IGF 1 receptor cDNA and a 663 bp Pst 1 fragment of the IGF II / M6P receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 1 was found to be 3 fold more potent than IGF 2 and 30 fold more potent than insulin , suggesting that the effects of these growth factors are mediated by the IGF 1 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since GH appears to be able to increase the in vitro effect of both IGF 1 and IGF 2 , we can hypothesize a sensitization of the granulosa cells to the IGF 2 produced by the cells themselves , which acts through the IGF 1 receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Phosphorylation of the 101 kDa subunit is more responsive to IGF 1 than to IGF 2 or insulin , indicating that it is a second IGF 1 receptor beta subunit . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the cerebellum , for example , [ 125I ] IGF 2 receptor binding sites are concentrated in the granular cell layer , [ 125I ] insulin binding sites are localized primarily in the molecular layer , whereas [ 125I ] IGF 1 receptor binding sites are noted in relatively high amounts in granular as well as molecular cell layers . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , insulinlike growth factor 1 , ( IGF 1 ) , IGF 1 receptor , and IGF 2 receptor messenger RNAs were expressed in the epithelial cells of both the control , uninjured tissues and in tissue specimens obtained after injury . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since many of the actions of IGF 2 are mediated through activation of the IGF 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) , we have measured the levels of IGF IR mRNA in normal kidney and in Wilms tumor samples using solution hybridization / RNase protection assays . ^^^ These results suggest that underexpression , deletion , or mutation of WT 1 may result in increased expression of the IGF IR , whose activation by IGF 2 may be an important aspect of the biology of Wilms tumor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Igf 1 ( / ) / Igf1r ( / ) double mutants did not differ in phenotype from Igf1r ( / ) single mutants , while in Igf 2 ( ) / Igf1r ( / ) and Igf 1 ( / ) / Igf 2 ( ) double mutants , which are phenotypically identical , the dwarfism was further exacerbated ( 30 % normal size ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A developmental analysis of growth kinetics in mouse embryos carrying null mutations of the genes encoding insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) , IGF 2 , and the type 1 IGF receptor ( IGF1R ) , alone or in combination , defined the onset of mutational effects leading to growth deficiency and indicated that between embryonic days 11 . 0 and 12 . 5 , IGF1R serves only the in vivo mitogenic signaling of IGF 2 . ^^^ From E13 . 5 onward , IGF1R interacts with both IGF 1 and IGF 2 , while IGF 2 recognizes an additional unknown receptor ( XR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 1 and the related growth factors , insulin and IGF 2 , inhibited PTH stimulated cAMP production with a rank order of potency of IGF 1 > or = IGF 2 > insulin , indicating that the actions of IGF 1 on SaOS 2 cells were probably mediated by the IGF 1 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ethanol also inhibited the stimulation of IGF 1 receptor autophosphorylation and the corresponding growth of p 6 cells induced by IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 1 was found to be 3 times more potent than IGF 2 and 30 times more potent than insulin , suggesting that the effects of these growth factors are mediated by the IGF 1 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In all three species the binding of 125I IGF 1 and 125I IGF 2 was significantly higher in brain compared with liver and gastrointestinal tract , and the IGF 1 receptor could only be identified with certainty in Raja liver . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Preincubation with an IGF 1 receptor antibody ( alpha IR 3 ) completely prevented the proliferative effect of IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and hGH , indicating that hGH acts via autocrine or paracrine induction of IGF . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Messenger RNA expression consistent with both known forms of the insulin receptor , the IGF 1 receptor , and the IGF 2 receptor was observed in human fetal ovaries and uteri at 10 , 15 , 19 , and 22 weeks ' gestation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To achieve this purpose , we measured , in a model of primary culture of porcine Sertoli cells , the effects of TNF alpha on the IGF system that includes IGF 1 and IGF 2 , IGF binding proteins ( IGFBPs ) , and IGF 1 receptor ( IGF 1 R ) . ^^^ We report that while TNF alpha had no consistent effect on the levels of IGF 1 , IGF 2 , or on IGF 1 receptor ( protein and messenger RNA ( mRNA ) ] , it stimulated IGFBP activity and particularly IGFBP 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The IGF 1 receptor is also capable of binding IGF 2 and insulin , whereas the EGF receptor is also capable of binding TGF alpha . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No apparent change in tissue GH receptor , IGF 1 , IGF 1 receptor , IGF 2 , or IGF 2 receptor messenger ribonucleic acids occurred as a result of exercise after the 14 week pretreatment period or after treatment with rhGH or PL . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Levels of messenger RNA ( mRNA ) encoding insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) , IGF 2 , IGF 1 receptor , and IGF binding proteins ( IGFBP 1 to 6 ) were determined after OP 1 treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Insulin , IGF 1 and IGF 2 caused down regulation of IGF IR ; the effect is concentration and time dependent . ^^^ IGF 1 , IGF 2 and insulin induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IGF IR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition , suramin inhibited cross linking of [ 125I ] IGF 2 to the type 1 IGF receptor ( IGF1R ) and type 2 IGF receptor ( IGF2R ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These data demonstrate that autocrine secretion of IGF 2 in HT 3 cervical cancer cells can participate in EGF induced mitogenesis and suggest that autocrine signals involving the IGF 1 receptor occur `` downstream ' ' of competence growth factor receptors such as the EGF receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We characterized mechanisms of growth control involving insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) , IGF 2 , and IGF 1 receptor ( IGF 1R ) by investigating their expression in human cervical cancer cell lines , primary cervical tumor cell cultures , and normal ectocervical epithelial cells maintained in short term culture . ^^^ These studies suggest that autocrine production of IGF 2 and overexpression of the IGF 1R are important components controlling the proliferation of cervical carcinoma cells , and that autocrine IGF 2 production in cervical cancer cells may participate in the mitogenic signaling of EGF . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To evaluate whether differentiation of CaCo 2 cells depends on an IGF 2 related pathway , we treated cells with a blocking antibody to the IGF 1 receptor that mediates most IGF 2 biological effects . ^^^ Sustained expression of IGF 2 resulted in : ( a ) increased proliferative rate ; ( b ) high IGF 1 receptor number , even after reaching confluence ; ( c ) increased capability of anchorage independent growth ; ( d ) inhibition of the expression of apoA 1 and SI mRNAs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Myoblast death was prevented by IGF 1 , des [ 1 3 ] IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and insulin with a dose potency consistent with activation of the IGF 1 receptor ; death also could be blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor , cycloheximide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 1 mRNA is barely detected in control myometrium , is significantly increased by E 2 treatment , and is augmented even more by the combination of E 2 and P 4 treatment , whereas little change is noted in myometrial IGF 2 or IGF 1 receptor mRNA levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These embryos also express ligands that bind to and activate these receptors , including transforming growth factor alpha ( TGF alpha ) and insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) , which bind to the EGF receptor and IGF 1 receptor , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) analyses showed that mRNAs encoding insulin , IGF 2 , insulin receptor , and IGF 1 receptor were present in both precardiac mesoderm and endoderm , as well as in the forming heart at stage 8 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
As a result of higher levels of IGF 1 receptor , the mitogenic effect of IGFs ( IGF 1 and IGF 2 ) on SNU 368 cells was 6 times higher than that of SNU 387 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
T 61 tumor growth is also inhibited in animals treated with a monoclonal antibody which blocks binding of ligand to the IGF 1 receptor , which mediates the mitogenic signal of bound IGF 2 through autophosphorylation of its intracellular tyrosine kinase domain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 1 , but not IGF 2 , was localized to airway epithelium , while IGF IR was localized to perivascular and peribronchial cells , in the lungs of animals breathing air . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Coordinate expression of insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) and IGF II / mannose 6 phosphate receptor mRNA and stable expression of IGF 1 receptor mRNA during differentiation of human colon carcinoma cells ( Caco 2 ) . ^^^ The expression of IGF 2 , IGF 1 receptor and IGF II / mannose 6 phosphate receptor ( IGF II / M6P receptor ) mRNA during spontaneous differentiation of the colon carcinoma cell line Caco 2 was measured . ^^^ Expression of IGF 2 mRNA and IGF II / M6P receptor mRNA correlated significantly with the progress of differentiation , while the IGF 1 receptor was stably expressed throughout the culture period and exhibited a crucial role for the survival of Caco 2 cells , as shown by blocking experiments employing the monoclonal anti IGF 1 receptor antibody alpha IR 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , it was about 10 times more potent than IGF 2 in stimulating thymidine incorporation into NIH 3T3 i 24 IGF IR cells , possibly because of the absence of negatively charged sialic acid and / or steric occlusion . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The relative affinity of the IGF 1 receptor for IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and insulin was typical of type 1 binding ( IGF 1 > IGF 2 > insulin ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Data from study of type 1 IGF receptor ( IGF 1R ) knockout mice indicate that this receptor mediates most IGF 1 and IGF 2 growth promoting actions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mouse mutants lacking the type 2 IGF receptor ( IGF2R ) are rescued from perinatal lethality in Igf 2 and Igf1r null backgrounds . ^^^ While IGF signaling is mediated by the type 1 IGF receptor ( IGF1R ) , the type 2 receptor ( IGF2R / CI MPR ) serves IGF 2 turnover . ^^^ Consistent with the hypothesis that lethality in the absence of IGF2R mediated turnover is caused by excess of IGF 2 overstimulating IGF1R , Igf2r mutants are completely rescued when they carry a second mutation eliminating either IGF 2 or IGF1R . ^^^ Normal embryonic development of the Igf1r / Igf2r double mutants , which differ from wild type siblings only in the pattern of postnatal growth , appears to occur by signaling of IGF 2 , being in excess , through a genetically identified unknown receptor , since triple mutants lacking IGF1R , IGF2R , and IGF 2 are nonviable dwarfs ( 30 % of normal size ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Autocrine stimulation of the type 1 insulin like growth factor receptor ( IGF IR ) by IGF 2 is one mechanism that allows cancer cells to maintain unregulated growth and to resist programmed cell death ( PCD ) . ^^^ SH SY5Y cells , which express abundant cell surface IGF IR and produce IGF 2 , exhibit serum independent growth and resist PCD due to hypoxia and hyperosmolar conditions . ^^^ To better understand the roles of IGF IR and its ligand , IGF 2 , in NBL carcinogenesis , we stably transfected SHEP cells with either IGF 2 or IGF IR . ^^^ In contrast , overexpression of IGF IR allowed SHEP / IGF IR transfectants to survive in media supplemented only by IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
High glucose levels progressively increased the medium content of IGF 1 and the mRNA levels for IGF 1 and IGF 2 , increased IGF 1 and IGF 2 binding and IGF 1 receptor gene expression , and reduced IGF binding protein production . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To characterize further the role of IGF 2 in the regulation of fetal adrenal growth , we investigated the expression of the messenger RNAs ( mRNAs ) encoding IGF 1 , IGF 2 , IGF 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) and IGF binding protein ( IGFBP ) 1 6 in the fetal rhesus monkey adrenal in vivo from 109 days of gestation until term ( 165 + / 5 days ) using in situ hybridization . ^^^ The relative abundance of the mRNAs encoding IGF 2 and the IGF IR was increased after metyrapone treatment , whereas the localization and relative abundance of IGFBP 1 6 mRNAs were not altered by metyrapone treatment . ^^^ We conclude that the ontogenetic increase in adrenal growth may be regulated , at least in part , by locally synthesized IGF 2 , and the cessation of adrenal growth that occurs at term may be mediated by the decrease in the IGF IR . ^^^ Metyrapone treatment , which likely increased fetal pituitary ACTH secretion , causes a coordinated increase in expression of IGF 2 and IGF IR in fetal adrenal cortical cells , which may be an important mechanism of regulation of fetal adrenal cortical growth . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Similar expression patterns of the mRNA encoding IGF 1 receptor and IGF 2 receptor were observed . ^^^ Reversion by exogenous IGF 2 was abolished by a monoclonal antibody against IGF 1 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated the autocrine regulation of insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) signaling by the insulin like growth factor 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) and the insulin like growth factor II / mannose 6 phosphate receptor ( IGF IIR ) in MCF 7 breast cancer cells , employing retroviruses encoding both IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and IGF 1 and 2 mutants with reductions in affinity for either the IGF IR or the IGF IIR . ^^^ These studies revealed reciprocal roles for IGF IR and IGF IIR affinity in the regulation of autocrine IGF 2 activity . ^^^ IGF IR affinity was required for serum free proliferation but also for efficient IGF 2 secretion . ^^^ Inhibition of IGF 2 signaling appeared to be the sole consequence of IGF IIR affinity , as no cellular responses attributable to selective IGF IIR binding by a reduced IGF IR affinity IGF 2 mutant could be detected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 1 , IGF 2 < and IGF 1 receptor messenger RNAs ( mRNAs ) were coexpressed in granulosa cells of developing and dominant follicles through the follicular phase . ^^^ IGF 1 and IGF 1 receptor mRNAs were selectively concentrated in healthy follicles , whereas IGF 2 mRNA was found in all follicles regardless of incipient or overt atresia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because IGF 1R activated by its ligands ( IGF 1 and IGF 2 ) protects cells from apoptosis , the role of the IGF 1R and E 6 in transformation by E 7 is probably related to the recruitment of survival pathways . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore IGF binding proteins are specific for IGF 1 and IGF 2 thereby modulating the binding of the IGFs to the IGF 1 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Many reports suggest that IGF 2 transduces its effects through the IGF 1 receptor , while others show that IGF 2 utilizes the type 2 receptor to affect cellular activity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also observed an IGF 1 receptor form bearing unusual high affinity for IGF 2 : the binding of [ 125I ] IGF 1 on this receptor was preferentially displaced by IGF 1 but that of [ 125I ] IGF 2 was mostly inhibited by IGF 2 , suggesting that the two tracers did not bind on the same epitopes . [ 125I ] IGF 2 binding to this receptor was greater on SSM than on FSM membranes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , the anti IGF IR monoclonal antibody ( mAb ; alpha IR 3 ) inhibited the DNA synthesis caused by 10 ng / ml exogenous IGF 1 ( 67 + / 6 % ) , IGF 2 ( 72 + / 8 % ) , and des IGF 1 ( 82 + / 9 % ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 2 induced SH SY5Y growth is mediated by the type 1 IGF receptor ( IGF IR ) . ^^^ Suramin prevented IGF 2 stimulated IGF IR tyrosine phosphorylation . ^^^ These results indicate that in SH SY5Y cells , suramin acts as a cytostatic agent and can block IGF 2 dependent cell growth by preventing IGF IR activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Plasmon resonance spectroscopy experiments revealed that all the high Mr isoforms and mature 7 . 5 kDa IGF 2 bound to immobilized recombinant soluble human IGF 1 receptor , recombinant human IGF binding protein 1 , and sIGF II / MPR with similar kinetics . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lastly , preincubation of the cells with IGF 1 receptor antibodies diminished the IGF 1 induced Ca2+ spike and totally abolished the Ca2+ influx , but did not modify the effect of IGF 2 . ^^^ These results suggest that IGF 1 action on Ca2+ influx involves the IGF 1 receptor , while part of IGF 1 and all of IGF 2 Ca2+ mobilization do not implicate this receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Most of the actions of both IGF 1 and IGF 2 are mediated by their activation of the IGF 1 receptor , a transmembrane tyrosine kinase that is structurally and functionally related to the insulin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
From these results , we conclude that IGF 2 can stimulate cell proliferation not only through its cognate IGF1R but also through the insulin receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To assess the autocrine function of insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) in the balance of proliferation and differentiation in HT 29 D4 human colonic cancer cells , we studied the expression of IGF 1 receptors ( IGF IR ) and insulin receptors ( IR ) in relation to the state of cell differentiation . ^^^ Taken together , these results suggest that the IGF 2 autocrine loop in HT 29 D4 cells may trigger distinct signaling pathways if it activates native IGF IR , which predominate in undifferentiated cells , or if it activates HR , which are up regulated in differentiated cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The homolog IGF 2 was also effective although less potent than IGF 1 suggesting the involvement of a typical IGF 1 receptor in the observed neuroprotective effect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Early bovine embryos also express IGF 1 , IGF 2 , IGF 1 receptor , IGF 2 receptor , and insulin receptor mRNAs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Light microscopic study of insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) and insulin like growth factor 1 receptor ( IGF 1 R ) in myopathy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The type 1 IGF receptor ( IGF 1R ) is constitutively expressed by most body tissues and plays a significant role in regulating cell proliferation , consistent with the role of its ligands ( IGF 1 and IGF 2 ) as important mitogenic factors . ^^^ The Wilms ' tumor gene product ( WT 1 ) is a tumor suppressor that has been shown to be altered in rare kidney tumors and is known to regulate IGF 2 and IGF 1R . ^^^ We investigated the possibility that the expression of prostatic WT 1 , IGF 1R , and IGF 2 genes is altered in patients with BPH . ^^^ We utilized primary cultures of prostatic stromal cells grown from normal ( n = 9 ) and hyperplastic ( n = 9 ) surgical specimens and analyzed WT 1 , IGF 1R , and IGF 2 messenger RNA levels . ^^^ The expression of both the IGF 1R ( 300 % of normal , P < 0 . 05 ) and IGF 2 ( 1000 % of normal , P < 0 . 01 ) messenger RNAs was higher in BPH strains as compared with normal strains . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Genetic analyses of dwarfing phenotypes resulting from targeted mutagenesis of the genes encoding the insulin like growth factors ( IGF 1 and IGF 2 ) and their cognate type 1 IGF receptor ( IGF1R ) have demonstrated that this signaling system is a major determinant of mouse embryonic growth . ^^^ Of the two IGF ligands , IGF 1 interacts exclusively with IGF1R , whereas IGF 2 recognizes an additional receptor ( XR ) , because the growth retardation of embryos lacking both IGR1R and IGF 2 ( 30 % of normal birthweight ) is more severe than that manifested in either class of single Igf1r or Igf 2 null mutants ( 45 and 60 % of normal , respectively ) . ^^^ The Igf1r / Insr double nullizygotes are phenotypically indistinguishable from double mutants lacking IGF1R and IGF 2 and from other double and triple mutants in which all of the IGF ligand / receptor interactions have been eliminated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transcripts of messenger RNAs of both IGF 1 and IGF 2 and both IGF IR and IGF IIR also were detectable by Northern analysis . ^^^ Both anti IGF IR antibody and anti IGF 2 antibody inhibited proteoglycan synthesis . ^^^ Even in the presence of anti IGF IR antibody , IGF 2 and mannose 6 phosphate stimulated proteoglycan synthesis in the cells . [ Leu 27 ] IGF 2 , an IGF 2 analogue with high affinity only for IGF IIR , strongly stimulated proteoglycan synthesis in HCS 2 / 8 cells but [ Arg 54 , Arg 55 ] IGF 2 , which binds to only IGF IR , also stimulated proteoglycan synthesis in the cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHOD OF STUDY : Thirty donated day 3 embryos were cultured in vitro for an additional 3 days to observe their developmental potential and were semiquantitatively analyzed for the expression of IGF 1 , IGF 2 , IGF IR , IGF IIR , and insulin R . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both human and rat mesangial cells grown on BSA AGE showed increased IGF 1 and total and bioactive TGF beta medium levels and enhanced IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and TGF beta 1 gene expression , compared with cells grown on BSA , whereas total IGFBP and IGFBP 3 medium content , IGF receptor density and affinity , and IGF 1 receptor transcripts were unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we characterized the distribution of IGF 1 and IGF 2 receptor sites and investigated the effects of both factors on endogenous acetylcholine ( ACh ) release in adult rat hippocampus . [ 125I ] IGF 1 receptor binding sites are recognized by IGF 1 > IGF 2 > insulin , whereas [ 125I ] IGF 2 binding was competed potently by IGF 2 > IGF 1 but not by insulin . ^^^ At the cellular level , IGF 1 receptor sites were primarily noted in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and the CA 2 CA3 subfields of the Ammon ' s horn whereas IGF 2 sites were localized predominantly in the pyramidal cell layer of the CA 1 CA3 subfields and in the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In conclusion , ( 1 ) CaCo 2 cells express both IGF 1 receptor mRNA and IGF II / M6P receptor mRNA and contain functional IGF 1 receptor and IGF II / M6P receptor protein . ( 2 ) CaCo 2 cells express IGF 2 mRNA and secrete IGF 2 immunoreactivity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A 520 bases human IGF 1 , a 556 bases human IGF 2 , a 480 bases human IGF 1 receptor and a 250 human IGF II / mannose 6 phosphate ( M6P ) receptor probe were radiolabelled as were human IGFBP 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6 probes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The fragment was recognized by two anti IGF 1R monoclonal antibodies , 24 31 and 24 60 , but showed no detectable binding of IGF 1 or IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
By using in situ hybridization , RNase protection assays , indirect immunofluorescence , Western blots , and bioassays , we show 1 ) the presence of insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) , IGF 2 receptor ( IGF IIR ) , IGF IR , TGF beta , plasminogen , plasminogen activators [ urokinase plasminogen activator ( uPA ) and tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) ] , and Cdk 4 in developing palates ; 2 ) on embryonic day 14 ( E 14 ) , which is a critical day for palatal growth , B10 . ^^^ A embryos have an up regulation of IGF IIR , which serves to sequester IGF 2 from the growth promoting IGF IR and to bind more CORT up regulated , latent TGF beta 2 for subsequent plasmin dependent activation ; higher levels of TGF beta 2 signaling down regulate Cdk 4 and result in greater palatal growth inhibition at a critical stage of palatogenesis and , thus , cleft palate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus IGF 1 and IGF 2 receptor mRNA and IGF 1 receptor protein level in colon mucosa were significantly altered by dietary fat source and quantity , thereby suggesting a potential influence of dietary fat on the endocrine regulation of colon cell mitogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The receptor for the type 1 insulin like growth factor ( IGF 1R ) and its ligands IGF 1 and IGF 2 play important roles in the maintenance of the malignant phenotype . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The central importance of IGF for normal development and growth has been illustrated by the severe growth retarded phenotype exhibited by IGF 1 , IGF 2 or IGF 1 receptor `` knockout ' ' mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 1 actions could be mimicked by insulin and IGF 2 at concentrations that correspond to the pharmacology of the IGF 1 receptor , the latter for which the mRNA was detected in undifferentiated stem cell progeny . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was found that the expression of insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) , insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) , and the insulin , IGF 1 and IGF 2 receptor transcripts ( IGF1R and IGF2R , respectively ) was present in all term placentas examined . ^^^ However , the IUGR term placentas had significantly higher levels of IGF 2 and IGF1R expression compared with the normal term placentas . ^^^ The increase in the transcription of IGF 2 and IGF1R in IUGR term placentas may represent a counter regulatory mechanism in response to the growth retardation . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Peri implantation mouse embryos synthesize insulinlike growth factor ( IGF ) 2 ligand , insulin receptor , IGF 1 receptor , and IGF 2 receptor and respond to IGF 2 , IGF 1 , and insulin metabolically and mitogenically . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression or function of the IGF IR in breast cancer cells is modulated by different humoral factors , such as estrogen , progesterone , IGF 2 , and interleukin 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The biological actions of the insulin like growth factors IGF 1 and IGF 2 are mediated by their activation of the IGF IR , a transmembrane tyrosine kinase linked to the ras raf MAPK cascade . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Before and after induction , c myc , IGF 2 , IGF 1 receptor , and IGF 2 receptor were constitutively expressed by all four cell lines . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This is the first study to give a complete overview of the mRNA expression patterns of Igf 1 , Igf 2 , type 1 Igf receptor ( Igf1r ) and six Igf binding proteins ( IGFBP 1 6 ) in embryonic mouse limbs , at various stages of development , by whole mount in situ hybridization ( ISH ) . ^^^ IGF 2 and IGF1R are found in regions of pre cartilage formation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Genes encoding insulin like growth factors ( IGF 1 and IGF 2 ) and their type 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) have also been disrupted . ^^^ However , IR could replace IGF IR if efficiently activated by IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Oncogene transfected cells displayed enhanced autocrine IGF 2 production , which was fully responsible for the oncogene induced increase in their proliferation since this increase was blunted by anti human IGF 2 and IGF1R ( alphaIR 3 ) antibodies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the other hand , the sustained activation of the IGF 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) by the overexpression of IGF 2 has been found to contribute to the development of the estrogen independent phenotype in breast cancer cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Regulation of steroidogenesis by insulin like growth factors ( IGFs ) in adult human adrenocortical cells : IGF 1 and , more potently , IGF 2 preferentially enhance androgen biosynthesis through interaction with the IGF 1 receptor and IGF binding proteins . ^^^ Although both IGF receptors are present in adult human adrenocortical cells , the steroidogenic effect of IGF 2 is mediated through the IGF 1 receptor , since [ Arg 54 , 55 ] IGF 2 , which only binds to the IGF 1 receptor , was equipotent with native IGF 2 , whereas [ Leu 27 ] IGF 2 , which preferentially binds to the type 2 IGF receptor , did not show any effect . ^^^ In conclusion , these results demonstrate that : ( 1 ) IGF 2 stimulates basal as well as ACTH induced DHEA S and cortisol secretion from adult human adrenocortical cells more potently than IGF 1 ; ( 2 ) both IGFs predominantly stimulate androgen biosynthesis ; ( 3 ) the steroidogenic effect of IGF 1 and IGF 2 is mediated through interaction with the IGF 1 receptor ; ( 4 ) the different steroidogenic potency of IGF 1 and IGF 2 might be explained by interaction of these ligands with locally produced IGFBPs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using in situ hybridization analyses , we determined that IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and IGF IR messenger RNAs were expressed in the highly proliferative terminal end buds during pubertal ductal growth . ^^^ During postpubertal and pregnancy stages , IGF 2 and IGF IR continued to be expressed in ductal epithelium . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Between 1 7 days post lesion ( dpl ) , in the acute phase following a penetrant wound to the CNS , IGF 2 and IGF IIR protein , but not messenger RNA , were colocalized , with IGF 1 , IGF IR , and IGFBP 1 , 2 , 3 , and 6 , to neurons , macrophages , astrocytes , and microglia within the damaged tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Immunohistochemical staining of IGF 2 and IGF 1 receptor ( IGF 1R ) was performed on tissue samples of liver metastases from 30 colorectal carcinoma patients . ^^^ RESULTS : Invasive margins of liver metastases were stained highly by both IGF 2 ( 70 % ) and IGF 1R ( 83 % ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 1 and IGF 2 signal through a common tyrosine kinase receptor , the insulin like growth factor 1 receptor ( IGF1R ) , and have mitogenic , cell survival , and insulin like actions that are essential for embryogenesis , post natal growth physiology , and breast development . ^^^ Evidence for this statement includes : a ) breast cancers are infiltrated with IGF 2 expressing stromal cells ; b ) mannose 6 phosphate / IGF2 receptor ( M6P / IGF2R ) is mutated in breast cancer , leading to loss of IGF 2 degradation ; c ) IGF1R is overexpressed by malignant breast epithelial cells , and in some cases IGF1R is amplified ; and d ) complex changes in IGF binding protein expression occur during breast cancer progression which most likely also affect IGF 1 and 2 signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The androgen independent human prostate adenocarcinoma cell line DU 145 proliferates in serum free medium and produces insulin like growth factors ( IGF ) 1 , IGF 2 , and the IGF type 1 receptor ( IGF 1R ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These experiments indicate that E 2 may sensitize tamoxifen resistant MCF 7 / 5 23 cells to the growth stimulatory actions of IGF 2 via up regulation of the IGF 1R and describes a cell survival mechanism that may manifest itself as tamoxifen resistance . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In situ hybridization has been used to study , in the mammary gland of female sheep fetuses , the distribution of mRNA for the mammary mitogens , insulin like growth factor ( IGF ) 1 and IGF 2 , and the IGF 1 receptor , from 10 to 20 weeks of intrauterine life ( term is approximately 22 weeks ) . ^^^ IGF 1 and IGF 2 mRNA were expressed in cells of the intralobular connective tissue underlying the epithelium , while the IGF 1 receptor was expressed in epithelium . ^^^ Quantitation by absorbance measurements showed that mRNA expression increased with pregnancy stage for IGF 1 and IGF 2 , but not significantly for the IGF 1 receptor , and that IGF 2 was more highly expressed than IGF 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : All normal tissues expressed IGF 2 , IGF 1 receptor , and IGF II / mannose 6 phosphate ( Man 6 P ) receptor . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : This study confirms that in adenocarcinoma of the human colon there is increased expression of IGF 1 receptor and IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our results suggest that in the case of DNA synthesis the effects of IGF 2 are mediated via the IGF 1 receptor and those of insulin via the insulin receptor , whereas in the case of glycogenesis both are mediated via the insulin receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 2 , produced by breast cancer epithelial and stromal cells , enhances tumor growth by activating the IGF 1 receptor ( IGF 1 R ) via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of type 1 IGF receptor ( IGF1R ) mRNA , encoding the cognate receptor for both IGF 1 and IGF 2 , as well as type 2 IGF receptor ( IGF2R ) mRNA was not found to be altered during primary prostate cancer progression in intact TRAMP mice but was dramatically reduced in metastatic lesions and in androgen independent disease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Emerging evidence suggests that members of the IGF family , including IGF 1 , IGF 2 , the IGF 1 receptor ( IGF 1R ) , and the IGF binding proteins ( IGFBPs ) , play important roles in the development and progression of cancer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
After stable transfection with N myc cDNA , Northern blotting revealed a marked increased in IGF IR , IGF 2 , IGF binding protein ( IGFBP ) 2 , and IGFBP 4 mRNA levels , whereas IGFBP 6 mRNA levels were clearly diminished . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To assess the influence of this growth factor family on demyelination and repair in multiple sclerosis ( MS ) , the expression of IGF 1 , IGF 2 , insulin , IGF binding proteins ( IGFBP ) 1 3 and IGF 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) in CNS tissue from MS and normal control cases was studied by immunocytochemistry . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This decrease in bioavailable IGF 2 ultimately resulted in diminished IGF 1 receptor signaling in vivo as evidenced by diminished receptor kinase activity and decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of the IGF 1 receptor downstream effectors , insulin receptor substrate 1 ( IRS 1 ) , extracellular signal regulatory kinase ( Erk ) 1 , and Erk 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results indicate that ( 1 ) specific binding sites for IGF 1 are present in the newt testes , ( 2 ) IGF 2 and insulin also bind to these receptors but to a lesser degree , and ( 3 ) IGF 2 and insulin as well as IGF 1 promote spermatogonial differentiation into primary spermatocytes by binding to the IGF 1 receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Estrogen related proliferation in ROS17 / 2 . 8 cells appears to be mediated by IGF 1 acting through the IGF 1 receptor and does not involve IGF 2 . ^^^ In contrast , strain related proliferation appears to be mediated by IGF 2 and does not involve either IGF 1 or the IGF 1 receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The localization of mRNAs for insulin like growth factors 1 ( IGF 1 ) and 2 ( IGF 2 ) and the type 1 IGF receptor ( IGF 1R ) in bovine follicles and corpora lutea was determined using in situ hybridization on sectioned ovaries collected from nonpregnant , cyclic Holstein cows in either the follicular ( n = 3 ) or luteal ( n = 5 ) phases of the cycle . ^^^ There was intense follicular expression of mRNAs encoding IGF 2 and IGF 1R . ^^^ In medium ( 5 10 mm ) and large ( > 10 mm ) follicles , there was no effect of health for expression of either IGF 2 or IGF 1R . mRNA encoding IGF 2 was found exclusively in the theca , whereas mRNA encoding IGF 1R was confined to the granulosa layer . ^^^ In the remaining 17 % of follicles , expression was very low and was unrelated to size or state of atresia . mRNAs encoding IGF 1 , 2 and IGF 1R were all present in the corpus luteum , whereas only those for IGF 2 and IGF 1R were found in ovarian stroma . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In null IGF 2 and IGF Ir placentae , however , GLT 1 ( EAAT 2 ) and EAAC 1 ( EAAT 3 ) protein content was decreased in junctional zone cells , whereas CAT 1 content was increased in junctional and labyrinth zone cells . ^^^ Placental anionic and cationic amino acid transporter expression in growth hormone overexpressing and null IGF 2 or null IGF 1 receptor mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The growth inhibition induced by blocking the insulin like growth factor 1 receptor suggests that IGF 2 is a component of the effector mechanism of trkA activation by NGF in trkA transfected cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To further characterize the regulatory role of the IGF system on GnRH neuronal function , we have examined the gene expression of IGF 1 , IGF 2 , IGF 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) , and IGF binding proteins ( IGFBPs ) in a GnRH neuronal cell line ( GT 1 7 cells ) . ^^^ RT PCR analysis demonstrated IGF 1 , IGF 2 and IGF IR mRNAs in GT 1 7 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ontogeny of the insulin like growth factor system ( IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and IGF 1R ) in gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ) : expression and cellular localization . ^^^ Transcripts for IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and IGF 1R were detected throughout development in unfertilized eggs , embryos , and larvae , suggesting that these mRNAs are products of both the maternal and the embryonic genomes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Of 22 tumors tested 12 ( 54 . 5 % ) exhibited IGF 2 mRNA , while almost 90 % ( 17 of 19 ) of hemangiopericytomas exhibited IGF 1 receptor mRNA . ^^^ Simultaneous administration of antisense deoxyoligonucleotides to both IGF 2 and IGF 1 receptor inhibited tumor cell proliferation by even 80 % . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 1 , IGF 1R , M6P / IGF 2R genes are expressed in the thymus both in fetal and postnatal life , whereas IGF 2 messenger RNAs ( mRNAs ) decline after birth but are still detectable on the seventh week . ^^^ FTOC treatment with an anti IGF 2 mAb , an anti IGF 1R mAb , or an anti M6P / IGF 2R polyclonal Ab induced a blockade of T cell differentiation at the CD 4 CD8 stage , as shown by a significant increase in the percentage of CD 4 CD8 cells and a decrease in the percentage of CD4+CD8+ cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : Activation of the insulin like growth factor 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) by its ligands IGF 1 and IGF 2 induces cell proliferation and protects against apoptosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Since IGF expression in avian species is less well documented , we studied here the expression of IGF 1 and IGF 2 during chicken CNS development , using in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase PCR , and compared the results with the expression of the IGF type 1 receptor ( IGF 1R ) . ^^^ IGF 2 expression started early in embryonic life , shortly after the onset of IGF 1R expression . ^^^ During organogenesis , IGF 2 was strongly expressed in kidney , liver and gut primordia , in contrast with IGF 1R mRNA , which is highly enriched in proliferating neuroepithelia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These data suggest that LOI associated with overexpression of IGF 2 and concomitant overexpression of IGF IR may play a role in the rare carcinosarcoma of the endometrium . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using RNAase protection analysis ( RPA ) , we examined the gene expression for IGF 1 , IGF 2 , IGF1R , M6P / IGF2R , IGFBP 1 and IGFBP 2 in a series of hepatoblastomas with corresponding normal liver from the same individuals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 1 , IGF 2 and the IGF IR were expressed in terminal end buds ( TEBs ) in virgin glands during ductal growth . ^^^ In addition , IGF 2 and IGF IR mRNAs were expressed in ductal and alveolar epithelium in glands throughout postnatal development . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the contrary , IGF 2 mRNA transcribed from the fetal or fetal neonatal IGF 2 promoter and IGF 1 receptor mRNA ( both used as hybridization control ) were both found in whole pre menopausal ovary and luteinized granulosa cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of insulin like growth factor ( IGF ) 1 , IGF 2 , and IGF type 1 receptor ( IGF 1R ) genes was studied in gonads at different developmental stages of the protandrous hermaphroditic species the gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Large amounts of mRNA were detected for the type 1 receptor ( IGF 1R ) and for IGF binding protein ( IGFBP ) 5 , localised to the PT and PD , and less intense specific hybridisation signals were obtained with mRNAs for IGF 2 , type 2 receptor ( IGF 2R ) and IGFBP 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The proliferative and anti apoptotic actions of IGF are mediated by the IGF 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) , to which both IGF 1 and IGF 2 bind with high affinity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 2 is a commonly expressed growth factor in many tumors and may enhance tumor growth , acting via the overexpressed IGF 1 receptor , a cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MATERIALS AND METHODS : We have investigated the effect of SA on prostate cancer cell ( DU 145 , LNCaP and PC 3 ) growth and expression of IGFs ( IGF 1 , IGF 2 and IGF 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) ) , IGFBP 3 and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) . ^^^ Gene expression studies by RT PCR have demonstrated a decrease in mRNAs of IGF 2 in DU 145 , IGF 1 , and IGF IR in LNCaP , and IGF 2 and VEGF in PC 3 cells and an increase in IGFBP 3 in both DU 145 and PC 3 cells by treatment with SA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MATERIALS AND METHODS : This study searched for the mRNA expression patterns of components of the IGF system : IGF 1 and IGF 2 , IGF receptors 1 and 2 ( IGF 1R , IGF 2R ) , IGF binding proteins 1 6 ( IGFBP 1 6 ) ) in the most frequent human gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours ( gastrinomas , insulinomas , tumours associated with carcinoid syndrome and functionally inactive tumours ) employing reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In order to detect probable differences in the occurrence and distribution of components of the IGF system , tissue samples from liver , lung , skin , parotid and thyroid gland , gut and cerebellum from SID children ( n=9 ) and controls ( n=6 ) aged between 14 and 258 days of life ( mean 105 days ) were stained immunohistochemically using antibodies against IGF 1 , IGF 2 and their specific IGF 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) . ^^^ In contrast to controls in hepatocytes of SID children a reduction or an absence of immunoreactivity for IGF 1 and IGF IR and a weaker staining for IGF 2 was detected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , the presence of mRNAs of IGF 2 and of receptors for IGF 1 ( IGF IR ) , growth hormone ( GHR ) and insulin ( IR ) , as well as mRNAs of IGF binding proteins ( IGFBP 1 , 2 and 3 ) were assessed by RT PCR . ^^^ The presence of IGF 2 , IGF IR , GHR , IR and IGFBP 1 , 2 and 3 mRNA was confirmed in the liver of 8 d old calves and older cattle as well , and among newborn calves their presence was independent of differences in nutrition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , we propose a novel model in which the binding of IGF 2 to its principal signaling receptor , IGF1R , at the surface of mesoderm precursor cells increases the formation of mesoderm cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Up regulation of COX 2 expression by IGF 2 is mediated through activation of IGF 1 receptor because : ( 1 ) treatment of Caco 2 cells with a blocking antibody to the IGF 1 receptor inhibits COX 2 mRNA expression ; ( 2 ) transfection of Caco 2 cells with a dominant negative IGF 1 receptor reduces COX 2 expression and activity . ^^^ Also , the blockade of the PI 3 kinase , that mediates the proliferative effect of IGF 1 receptor in Caco 2 cells , inhibits IGF 2 dependent COX 2 up regulation and PGE 2 synthesis . ^^^ Moreover , COX 2 expression and activity inversely correlate with the increase of apoptosis in parental , IGF 2 and dominant negative IGF 1 receptor transfected cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have now studied the modulation of IGF 1 , IGF 2 and IGF IR in hypoxia and the ability of picroliv to modify their expression in vivo . ^^^ Male Sprague Dawley rats , placed in 10 % oxygen for 4 days , were sacrificed , and the expression of IGF 1 , IGF 2 and IGF IR was determined by immunohistochemistry , in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) in brain , liver and lung . ^^^ Picroliv modulates the expression of insulin like growth factor ( IGF ) 1 , IGF 2 and IGF 1 receptor during hypoxia in rats . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
High local levels of IGF 2 in combination with elevated IGF 1 receptor concentrations would represent a significant growth advantage of the adrenocortical carcinoma cell and could contribute to a highly malignant phenotype . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results showed : The mRNAs of IGF 1 , IGF 2 and IGF 1R were strongly expressed in serum free cultured T 24 cell line , whereas normal urothelial cells did not express these factors / receptors or only in trace levels ; T 24 cell responded far better to growth stimulation by IGF 1 than did normal urothelial cells ; blockage of IGF1R by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide ( ODN ) significantly inhibited the growth of T 24 cell and enhanced sensitivity and apoptosis of T 24 cells to mitomycin ( MMC ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Initial analysis for mRNA expression demonstrated the following : GH receptor ( 5 / 5 cell lines positive ) , IGF 1 ( 0 / 5 ) , IGF 2 ( 0 / 5 ) , IGF 1 receptor ( 5 / 5 ) , IGF 2 receptor ( 2 / 5 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) plays a key role in mitogenesis during development and tumorigenesis and is believed to exert its mitogenic functions mainly through the IGF 1 receptor . ^^^ Here we investigated the mitogenic signaling of IGF 2 via the Akt / Glycogen synthase kinase 3 ( Gsk 3 ) axis employing R IR ( A ) cells that are IGF 1 receptor null mouse embryonic fibroblasts expressing the human IR ( A ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : Insulin like growth factors ( IGF 1 and IGF 2 ) , the IGF 1 receptor ( IGF 1R ) , and IGF binding proteins ( IGFBPs ) are involved in normal pulmonary development and in the pathogenesis of smooth muscle cell tumors . ^^^ METHODS : To evaluate the role of the IGF system in lymphangioleiomyomatosis ( LAM ) , we used immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques to characterize the expression of IGF 1 , IGF 2 , IGF 1R , and IGFBP 2 , 4 , 5 , and 6 in lung tissue from 18 LAM patients . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We can show that ( 1 ) IGF 2 induces a rapid epithelium to mesenchymal transition ; ( 2 ) IGF1R , the receptor for IGF 2 , belongs to the same membrane complex as E cadherin and beta catenin ; ( 3 ) IGF 2 induces a redistribution of beta catenin from the plasma membrane to the nucleus and an intracellular sequestration and degradation of E cadherin ; ( 4 ) IGF 2 induces the transcription of beta catenin / TCF 3 target genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Changes in the relative abundance of mRNA transcripts for insulin like growth factor ( IGF 1 and IGF 2 ) ligands and their receptors ( IGF IR / IGF IIR ) in preimplantation bovine embryos derived from different in vitro systems . ^^^ The aim of this study was to determine the relative abundance of mRNAs for the insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) and IGF 2 ligands , and for the IGF receptors ( IGF IR and IGF IIR ) in in vitro preimplantation bovine embryos from the oocyte to the hatched blastocyst stage using two different culture systems : TCM 199 supplemented with oestrous cow serum , or synthetic oviduct fluid supplemented with polyvinyl alcohol . ^^^ In both culture systems , IGF IR , IGF 2 and IGF IIR were expressed throughout preimplantation development up to the hatched blastocyst stage in a varying pattern . ^^^ The expression patterns of IGF IR , IGF 2 and IGF IIR in embryos generated in the two culture systems were not significantly different , except at the expanded blastocyst stage , at which significantly higher amounts of IGF IIR were observed in the TCM system than in the synthetic oviduct fluid system . ^^^ The bovine embryo is capable of producing IGF 2 , IGF IIR and IGF IR in large amounts , particularly after hatching , which may be important for the formation of the filamentous conceptus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study investigates the influence of T ( 3 ) on IGF 1 , IGF 2 , IGF 1 receptor ( IGF 1R ) , and IGF binding protein ( IGFBP ) transcripts , and on IGF 1 action in human osteoblastic cells ( hOB ) under serum free culture conditions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Insulin like growth factor binding protein 3 ( IGFBP 3 ) binds IGF 1 and IGF 2 with high affinity , at least an order of magnitude higher than the affiniy of the IGFs for the IGFIR . ^^^ IGFBP 3 inhibited IGF 1 , IGF 2 , Des ( 1 3 ) IGF 1 and Long ( R 3 ) IGF 1 induced IGFIR phosphorylation in a dose dependent manner at similar concentration range but not QAYL induced IGFIR P . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 1 receptor mediates IGF 1 and IGF 2 action on prenatal growth and IGF 1 action on postnatal growth . ^^^ Thus , IGF 2 is a true bifunctional ligand that is able to stimulate both insulin and IGF 1 receptor signaling , although with different potencies . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : RT PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and IGF IR in T 24 cells and normal urothelial cells . ^^^ RESULTS : mRNA of IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and IGF IR were strongly expressed in serum free cultured T 24 cell line , whereas normal urothelial cells did not express these factors / receptors or only in trace levels ; knockdown of IGF IR by antisense ODN greatly inhibited the growth of bladder cancer cells and enhanced sensitivity and apoptosis of T 24 cells to MMC . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Insulin like growth factor ( IGF ) binding protein 3 ( IGFBP 3 ) can stimulate apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation directly and independently of binding IGFs or indirectly by forming complexes with IGF 1 and IGF 2 that prevent them from activating the IGF 1 receptor to stimulate cell survival and proliferation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The insulin like growth factors IGF 1 and IGF 2 , through their cognate tyrosine kinase receptor ( IGF 1 receptor ) , are known to play a role in this process . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , results from a detailed comparative analysis of growth patterns in double mutants lacking GPC 3 and also IGF 2 , IGF 1 , or the type 1 IGF receptor ( IGF1R ) provided conclusive genetic evidence inconsistent with the hypothesis that GPC 3 acts as a growth suppressor by sequestering or downregulating an IGF ligand . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study has systematically measured IGF1R binding affinities of IGF 1 , IGF 2 and 14 IGF analogues to a recombinant high affinity form of the IGF1R using BIAcore technology . ^^^ The analogues assessed could be divided into two groups : ( a ) those designed to investigate binding of IGF binding protein , which exhibited IGF1R binding affinities similar to those of IGF 1 or IGF 2 ; ( b ) those generated to probe IGF1R interactions with greatly reduced IGF1R binding affinities . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The insulin like growth factor type 1 ( IGF 1 ) receptor ( IGF IR ) , activated by its ligands IGF 1 and IGF 2 , can initiate several signal transduction pathways that mediate suppression of apoptosis , proliferation , differentiation , and transformation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We designed and developed nine different calibration curves , based on recombinant DNA plasmid standards and established them on a constant real time PCR platform for the following factors : growth hormone receptor ( GHR ) , insulin like growth factor ( IGF ) 1 , IGF 1 receptor ( IGF 1R ) , IGF 2 , IGF 2 receptor ( IGF 2R ) , insulin receptor ( INSR ) , and IGF binding proteins ( IGF BP ) 1 , 2 and 3 . ^^^ Applicability of the method was shown by analysing mRNA levels in newborn calves : mRNA concentrations per gram tissue of mRNAs of IGF 1 , IGF 1R , IGF 2 , IGF 2R , GHR , INSR , and IGF BP 1 , 2 and 3 were all different between in liver and ileum and the traits all exhibited individual differences . . ^^^ Real time RT PCR quantification of insulin like growth factor ( IGF ) 1 , IGF 1 receptor , IGF 2 , IGF 2 receptor , insulin receptor , growth hormone receptor , IGF binding proteins 1 , 2 and 3 in the bovine species . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No differences were observed in the expression of IGF 2 , IGFBP 3 and 6 and IGF IR throughout the lifespan of the corpus luteum . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In both human cell types ( unlike rat cells ) the effects of strain and IGF 2 as well as estradiol and IGF 1 can be blocked at the IGF 1 receptor . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both IGF 1 and IGF 2 , along with their receptor IGF 1R , are expressed early during embryogenesis , and the IGF 1R is present particularly in anterior and dorsal structures . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) and IGF 2 stimulate cancer cell proliferation via interaction with the type 1 IGF receptor ( IGF IR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression patterns of mRNAs encoding IGF 1 , IGF 2 , type 1 IGF receptor ( IGF 1R ) , and the IFG binding proteins ( IGFBP ) 1 , 3 and 5 were determined from autoradiographs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Anti IGF 2 antibody inhibits the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by anti IGF 1 and anti IGF IR antibodies or by genistein . ^^^ Results are consistent with a model in which local production of IGF 2 is upregulated when the IGF IR signaling pathway is blocked and in which an IGF 2 mediated pathway , likely involving the IGF IIR , then stimulates hypertrophy of the cardiomyocytes . . ^^^ Hypertrophy of cultured adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes induced by antibodies against the insulin like growth factor ( IGF ) 1 or the IGF 1 receptor is IGF 2 dependent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
CONCLUSIONS : : Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that IGFBP 6 inhibits cell growth by binding to endogenously produced IGF 2 , thereby preventing IGF 2 from interacting with the IGF 1 receptor to stimulate cellular proliferation by an autocrine mechanism . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Now IGF 1R , the receptor tyrosine kinase for IGF 2 , has been found to be variably upregulated , first uniformly in dysplastic and angiogenic progenitors and then focally at the margins and in invasive regions of carcinomas . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Abundant expression of IGF 1 , IGF 2 and IGF IR was demonstrated in resting cells and exogenous IGF 1 and IGF 2 increased 3H thymidine incorporation in a dose dependent manner . ^^^ Furthermore , also IGF 1 and IGF 2 induced DNA synthesis was significantly suppressed by anti IGF IR mAb . ^^^ Taken together , our data suggest that autocrine production of IGF 1 and IGF 2 may via IGF IR play a significant role in the growth and megakaryocytic differentiation of K 562 cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blotting and in situ hybridization revealed significant reductions in the expression of IGF 1 , IGF 2 , IGF IR and IR preceding ( 2 months ) and accompanying ( 8 months ) the functional cognitive impairments and the apoptotic neuronal loss in hippocampus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also examined IGF 1 receptor numbers ( Scatchard analysis ) and IGF 2 production and release ( by Western blot ) in IGF II / IGF IR mRNA positive and negative lung carcinomas . ^^^ Finally , the potential role of IGF IR and IGF 2 as growth promoting factors in lung cancer was studied using antisense oligodeoxynucleotides that specifically inhibit IGF IR and IGF 2 mRNA . ^^^ RESULTS : Thirty two tumors were positive for IGF 1 , 39 for IGF 2 , 48 for IGF IR , and 35 for IGFBP 4 mRNA . ^^^ Seventeen tumors were concomitantly positive for all four IGFs , whereas 34 were positive for IGF 2 , IGF IR , and IGFBP 4 mRNA . ^^^ An elevated amount of IGF 2 peptide was secreted into the growth medium of cell cultures established from five different IGF II / IGF IR mRNA positive lung cancer tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : High concentrations of insulin like growth factor ( IGF ) 1 and IGF 2 have been demonstrated in human colonic adenocarcinomas and exert mitogenic effects through paracrine / autocrine interactions with the IGF 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) . ^^^ The IGF 2 mRNA ratio in tumor versus normal tissue was elevated more than twofold in 28 of 40 paired samples and a positive correlation was observed between the overexpression of IGF 2 and IGF IR in the tumors . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Our results demonstrate that , in addition to IGF 2 , a strong overexpression of IGF IR is found in the majority of colorectal carcinomas , supporting the hypothesis of an important role of the IGF system in the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 1 ( 100 ng / ml ) and IGF 2 ( 100 ng / ml ) decreased DA and NE content to approximately 35 % and approximately 25 % of control , respectively . [ Leu 27 ] IGF 2 , which binds to the IGF 1 receptor with markedly decreased affinity , did not reduce catecholamine levels , indicating that the effect is likely to be mediated by the IGF 1 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have investigated whether expression of IGF 1 , IGF 2 and insulin receptors ( IGF IR , IGF IIR and IR ; measured by real time RT PCR ) and binding capacity ( Bmax ) of IGF IR , IGF IIR and IR in the mucosa of the small and large intestine of neonatal calves are modified by age and different feeding regimes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , only 5 . 3 % of hybrid embryos developed into blastocyst stage compared to 21 . 7 % in buffalo . mRNA phenotyping of insulin like growth factor family ( Insulin , insulin receptor , IGF 1 , IGF 1 receptor , IGF 2 , and IGF 2 receptor ) and glucose transporter isoforms ( GLUT 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ) in hybrid embryos clearly showed that these molecules were not expressed after 8 cell stage onward . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 1 , IGF 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) , IGF 2 , skeletal alpha actin ( sk actin ) , and beta myosin heavy chain ( beta MHC ) mRNAs were measured using Northern blot analysis and RT PCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It binds at least two different types of receptors : IGF type 1 ( IGF 1R ) and IGF 2 / mannose 6 phosphate receptors ( IGF 2R / M6P ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 2 signalling is mediated through IGF 1 receptor ( IGF 1R ) , while mannose 6 phosphate / insulin like growth factor 2 receptor ( M6P / IGF 2R ) controls pericellular levels of free IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To elucidate the possible relationship between the insulin like growth factor ( IGF ) system and the development of different types of testis tumors in dogs , the expression of insulin like growth factor 1 and 2 ( IGF 1 and IGF 2 ) , their type 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) , and their binding proteins ( IGFBPs ) was examined . ^^^ In normal testes a clear expression of IGF 1 , IGF 2 , IGF IR , IGFBP 2 , IGFBP 4 and IGFBP 5 was found . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With respect to the gene expression of other IGF system components , VA deficiency caused a twofold induction of IGF 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) mRNA in the heart and a twofold reduction in IGFBP 6 mRNA in the lungs , but did not alter the expression of IGF 2 , IGFBP 1 , IGFBP 3 , IGFBP 4 or IGFBP 5 in all tissues examined . ^^^ When VA deficient rats received a single injection of retinoic acid ( 2 mg / rat ) , tissue IGF 1 and IGF IR gene expression did not change after 4 or 8 h , while the expression of IGF 2 , IGFBP 4 , and IGFBP 6 mRNAs in some tissues increased rapidly . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of the present study was to investigate the intracellular mediators of the third base mutant of codon 249 in p 53 gene ( p53mt249 ) mutation that potentiate IGF 2 dependent IGF 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) signaling . p53mt249 enhanced IGF 2 dependent IGF IR signaling in p 53 negative Hep3B hepatoma cells which were specifically prevented by IGF IR antibody , alpha IR 3 and lovastin . p53mt249 increased the number of IGF 2 binding sites with no change in the affinity of IGF IR . ^^^ Pre transfection of cultured hepatoma cells with p53mt249 resulted in a three to fourfold increase in IGF IR phosphorylation and downstream mediator IRS 1 phosphorylation but , enhanced more than 15 fold after IGF 2 treatment , which coincides well with the cell growth and thymidine uptake results . ^^^ Our results showed that p53mt249 modulate IGF 2 dependent IGF IR signaling by upregulating IGF IR and potentiating IGF IRs where IGF IRs became more sensitive on treatment with IGF 2 . ^^^ We concluded that p53mt249 stimulates IGF 2 dependent IGF IR signaling by upregulating the expression of both ligand ( IGF 2 ) and receptor ( IGF IR ) through an autocrine and / or paracrine loop and we outline the physiological significance of potentiation of IGF IR by p 53 mutation in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IGF 1R , IGF 1 and IGF 2 expression as potential prognostic and predictive markers in colorectal cancer . ^^^ Insulin like growth factors ( IGF 1 and IGF 2 ) and the IGF 1 membrane receptor ( IGF 1R ) have been found to play a critical role in the carcinogenesis of several tumors , among them colorectal cancer ( CRC ) . ^^^ To study the prognostic impact of these molecules , a total number of 713 cases of CRC were examined for the expression of IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and IGF 1R . ^^^ IGF 1 expression was noted in 53 ( 7 . 5 % ) , IGF 2 in 88 ( 12 . 6 % ) , and IGF 1R in 698 ( 99 . 6 % ) of the cases . ^^^ Although the synchronous expression of IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and IGF 1R in a subset of CRC is consistent with an auto / paracrine loop of cancer cell autostimulation , the prognostic effect of IGF 1 and IGF 2 expression seems to be of limited value . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To avoid the interfering effect of the IGF IR , IGF 2 binding to the IR A was studied in IGF IR deficient murine fibroblasts ( R cells ) transfected with the human IR A cDNA ( R / IR A cells ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In conclusion , the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis by CLA in HT 29 cells may be mediated in part by its ability to decrease IGF 2 synthesis and to downregulate IGF IR signaling and the PI3K / Akt and ERK 1 / 2 pathways . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , analogues of IGF 2 [ leu 27 IGF 2 and Des ( 1 6 ) IGF 2 ] , with altered affinities for the IGF 1 receptor and IGF binding proteins ( IGFBPs ) , but retained affinities for the IGF 2 receptor , also completely inhibited ( 100 % ; P < 0 . 01 ) RA induced apoptosis , while an IGF 1 receptor antagonist did not reduce the survival effects of IGF 2 . ^^^ The inhibition of RA action by IGF 2 was independent of its ability to signal through the IGF 1 receptor or to interact with IGFBPs . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In these cells , IGF 2 gene and protein expression are induced as early events in differentiation , and the IGF 1 receptor and downstream signaling molecules , including Akt , are rapidly activated . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Herein , we describe the mechanism by which zinc ( Zn2+ ) maintains IGF 2 in an active form by directly regulating IGF 2 binding to IGF binding proteins ( IGFBPs ) and the type 1 IGF receptor ( IGF 1R ) . ^^^ Human fibroblasts , glioblastoma cells , and murine myoblasts were used to determine the kinetics of IGF 2 binding to cell surface IGFBP 3 , IGFBP 5 , and the IGF 1R , respectively . ^^^ In contrast , Zn2+ enhanced [ 125I ] IGF 2 binding to the IGF 1R by enhancing the rate of ligand association and decreasing the rate of dissociation . ^^^ Together with the current work , these findings imply that Zn2+ acts in vivo to prevent secreted IGF 2 from binding to IGFBP 3 and IGFBP 5 , thus maintaining IGF 2 in an `` active state , ' ' i . e . , readily available for IGF 1R association . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The angiogenic response of IGF 2 could be reversed by the addition of beta galactosidase or rabbit antihuman IGF II / M6P receptor antiserum , whereas blocking antibodies against IGF 1 receptor or insulin receptor influenced IGF 2 induced sprout formation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , Zn ( 2+ ) increases the affinity by which either [ ( 125 ) 1 ] IGF 1 or [ ( 125 ) 1 ] R ( 3 ) IGF 1 binds to the IGF 1R , but depresses [ ( 125 ) 1 ] IGF 2 binding to the IGF type 2 receptor ( IGF 2R ) on BC ( 3 ) H 1 cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gastric cancer : the role of insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) and its receptors ( IGF 1R and M 6 P / IGF 2R ) . ^^^ The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IGF 2 and its receptors ( IGF 1R and IGF 2R ) in human gastric cancer . ^^^ Increased expression of IGF 2 and IGF 1R genes ( at the mRNA and protein level ) was found in gastric cancer when compared with non tumour tissue . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Treatment with IGF BP 3 significantly reduced the levels ( mean intensity per pixel ) of EGF R , IGF 2 , and VEGF in all three cell lines and IGF 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) in representative ME 180 cell line . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Levels of EGF R , IGF 2 , IGF IR , and VEGF are significantly reduced following treatment with IGF BP 3 in cervical cancer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Infusions of WDS or BTS after a fertile AI did not affect IGF 1 , IGF 1 receptor , or IGF 2 mRNA levels compared with gilts infused with BTS only , whereas the mRNA abundance for the IGF 2 receptor was decreased ( P < 0 . 05 ) in WDS infused gilts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It consists of IGF 1 , IGF 2 , insulin , IGF 1 receptor , and those of IGF 2 and insulin as well as IGF binding proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Extensive data are available on the importance of the insulin like growth factor ( IGF ) system in growth regulation of breast cancer cell lines in vitro , indicating that the IGF 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) , IGF 1 ( and IGF 2 ) function as survival factors , while IGF binding protein ( IGFBP ) 3 may act as a growth inhibitor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characteristic alterations detected in HCC and hepatoma cell lines comprise the overexpression of IGF 2 and the IGF 1 receptor emerging as critical events in malignant transformation and growth of tumors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Emerging evidence suggests that members of the Insulin like Growth Factors ( IGFs ) family , including IGF 1 , IGF 2 , the IGF 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) , and the IGF binding proteins ( IGFBPs ) play a central role in the development and progression of cancer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In colostrum fed calves , DEXA decreased ( P < 0 . 05 ) mRNA levels of IGF 1 ( esophagus , fundus , duodenum , and ileum ) , IGF 2 ( fundus ) , IGFBP 2 ( fundus ) , IGFBP 3 ( fundus ) , IGF1R ( esophagus , ileum , and colon ) , IGF2R ( fundus ) , GHR ( fundus ) , and InsR ( esophagus , fundus ) , but in formula fed calves DEXA increased mRNA levels of IGF 1 ( esophagus , rumen , jejunum , and colon ) . ^^^ Furthermore , DEXA increased ( P < 0 . 05 ) mRNA levels of IGF 2 ( pylorus ) , IGFBP 3 ( duodenum ) , IGF2R ( pylorus ) , and GHR ( ileum ) , but decreased mRNA levels of IGFBP 2 ( ileum ) , and IGF1R ( fundus ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Zinc ( Zn ( 2+ ) ) , a multifunctional micronutrient , was recently shown to lower the affinity of cell associated insulin like growth factor ( IGF ) binding protein ( IGFBP ) 3 and IGFBP 5 for both IGF 1 and IGF 2 , but to increase the affinity of the cell surface type 1 IGF receptor ( IGF 1R ) for the same two ligands . ^^^ In contrast , Zn ( 2+ ) increased IGF 1 , IGF 2 and R ( 3 ) IGF 1 binding to the IGF 1R by increasing ligand binding affinity on both P ( 2 ) A ( 2a ) LISN and L 6 myoblasts . ^^^ Soluble IGFBP 5 and IGFBP 4 depressed the binding of ( 125 ) 1 IGF 1 and ( 125 ) 1 IGF 2 to the IGF 1R , but did not affect binding of ( 125 ) 1 R ( 3 ) IGF 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Seventy two PCOS patients and 42 healthy controls were genotyped for 15 variants in the genes encoding for paraoxonase ( three variants ) , plasma cell differentiation antigen glycoprotein , human sorbin and SH 3 domain containing 1 , plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 , peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 , protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B ( two variants ) , adiponectin ( two variants ) , IGF 1 , IGF 2 , IGF 1 receptor , and IGF 2 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , the C and D domains of IGF 1 allow higher affinity binding to the IGF 1R than the analogous domains of IGF 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Several studies suggest that in rodents , insulin like growth factor 2 ( Igf 2 ) signaling through the insulin like growth factor type 1 receptor ( Igf1r ) modulates embryo growth at around days 9 11 of gestation ( mid gestation ) . ^^^ The present study was undertaken to evaluate the expression of Igf 2 and Igf1r transcript by RT PCR in the post implantation embryos obtained after paternal tamoxifen treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The assumption over the years has been that this family of proteins , having higher affinities for IGF 1 and IGF 2 than does the IGF IR , serves to block access of these ligands to the receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Caki 2 expressed higher levels of IGF IR and proliferated more vigorously to added IGF 1 , IGF 1 analogues des ( 1 3 ) IGF 1 , LongR3IGF 1 and IGF 2 compared to SK RC 52 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Upon binding of IGF 1 or IGF 2 , IGF 1R , a tyrosine kinase , phosphorylates tyrosine residues on two major substrates , IRS 1 and Shc , which subsequently signal through the Ras / Raf and PI 3 kinase / AKT pathways ( 7 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The alphaIR 3 strongly diminished proliferation and increased apoptosis in cultures established from squamous cell carcinomas overexpressing IGF 2 and IGF 1R . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The steroid responsive human LNCaP prostate cancer cells , containing a functional but mutated androgen receptor ( AR ) , were used to compare effects of DHEA with those of T , DHT , and E 2 on cell proliferation and protein and / or gene expression of AR , prostate specific antigen ( PSA ) , IGF 1 , IGF 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) , IGF 2 , IGF binding proteins 2 , 3 , and 5 , ( IGFBPs 2 , 3 , and 5 ) , and estrogen receptor beta ( ERbeta ) . ^^^ All four hormones increased gene and / or protein expression of PSA , IGF IR , IGF 1 , and IGFBP 2 and decreased that of AR , ERbeta , IGF 2 , and IGFBP 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of insulin like growth factors 1 ( IGF 1 ) and 2 ( IGF 2 ) and insulin like growth factor 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) was studied in 137 clear cell , 23 chromophobe , and 20 papillary renal cell carcinomas ( RCCs ) using a tissue microarray technique . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We studied by real time reverse transcription PCR , whether there are differences in the abundance of mRNA coding for IGF 1 , IGF 2 , IGFBP 2 , IGFBP 3 , IGF 1R , IGF 2R , GHR , and InsR in compartmentalized layers ( fractions ) of jejunum and ileum of 5 d old calves fed colostrum . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The type 1 insulin like growth factor receptor ( IGF 1R ) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that mediates insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) and IGF 2 signalling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN : With the semiquantitative reverse transcriptase PCR , 90 human colorectal tumor tissues ( 63 adenomas and 27 submucosal pT 1 cancers ) were analyzed for IGF 2 , IGF IR , IGF 1 , COX 2 , and MMP 7 expression . ^^^ IGF 2 expression was positively correlated with the expression of IGF IR and IGF 1 . ^^^ COX 2 and MMP 7 mRNA expression was detected in 42 . 2 % and 77 . 8 % of the tumor tissues , respectively , and both were positively correlated with IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and IGF IR expression . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : IGF 2 , in conjunction with IGF IR , IGF 1 , COX 2 , and MMP 7 , seems to play a key role in the early stage of colorectal carcinogenesis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This is supported by the expression of IGF 1 , IGF 2 and IGF 1R in shield stage zebrafish embryos and the demonstration that IGF signalling influences expression of BMP2b , a gene that plays an important role in zebrafish pattern formation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : The insulin like growth factor system , which includes insulin like growth factors ( IGF 1 and IGF 2 ) , IGF receptors ( IGF IR and IGF IIR ) and IGF binding proteins ( IGFBPs ) , plays an important role in epithelial growth , anti apoptosis and mitogenesis . ^^^ DISCUSSION : The growth promoting effects of IGF 1 and IGF 2 on cancer cells are mediated through the IGF IR , which is a tyrosine kinase and cancer cells with a strong tendency to metastasise have a higher expression of the IGF IR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Enhanced insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) and type 1 IGF receptor ( IGF IR ) gene expression in liver tumors and the development of liver tumors in transgenic mice overexpressing IGF 2 in the liver suggest that the IGFs and underlying signaling cascades may play auto / paracrine roles in the control of hepatocarcinoma ( HCC ) cell proliferation and in their protection against apoptosis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms leading to the increase in adrenal growth , we examined adrenal expression of the cell cycle regulatory proteins ( cyclin D 1 ) and cyclin kinase inhibitory proteins ( p16ink , p21Cip ) , and insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) , IGF binding protein 2 ( IGFBP 2 ) and IGF 1 type 1 Receptor ( IGF1R ) from fetuses infused with metyrapone or vehicle for 15 days . ^^^ There was no significant difference , however , in the adrenal expression of the cyclin kinase inhibitory proteins ( p16ink or p21Cip ) or in the IGF system ( IGF 2 , IGFBP 2 or IGF1R ) mRNA between metyrapone and vehicle infused . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Growth hormone ( GH ) , insulin like growth factors 1 and 2 ( IGF 1 and IGF 2 ) and their associated binding proteins and transmembrane receptors ( GHR , IGF1R and IGF2R ) play an important role in the physiology of mammalian growth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Western blot analysis of cell lysates at day 8 through day 12 with anti IGF 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) beta subunit antibody revealed that the mature IGF IR levels were lower in both IGF 2 overexpressing cell lines compared to the vector control clone . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Insulin like growth factor ( IGF ) 1 and IGF 2 mRNAs were previously found to be expressed only in the endometrial stroma , whereas the IGF receptor ( IGF 1R ) mRNA was most abundant in epithelia and in stroma , suggesting that an intrinsic IGF system regulates postnatal development of the uterus . ^^^ Levels of immunoreactive IGF 1 , IGF 2 and IGF 1R protein were most abundant on the apical surface of the endometrial LE and GE . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In six of nine human MB cell lines IGF 2 displayed a growth promoting effect that was mediated mainly through the IGF 1 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We were able to identify an autocrine loop essential for KSIMM cell survival in which IGF 2 is the IGF IR agonist secreted by the cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Many cancers have been shown to overexpress the IGF 1 receptor and produce the ligands ( IGF 1 or IGF 2 ) and some combinations of the six IGF binding proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , the in vivo effects of estradiol 17beta ( E 2 ) and growth hormone ( GH ) exposure on IGF 1 , IGF 2 , IGF1R , and IGFBP 2 gene expression in sea bream ovary were monitored by RT PCR during prereproductive and reproductive periods . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of IGF 1 , IGF 2 , IGF type 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) , and IGF binding protein ( IGFBP ) 2 and 5 genes was quantified relative to an internal 18S rRNA standard by RT PCR in liver and whole brain tissue on days 14 , 16 , 18 , 20 , 22 , 24 and 26 of embryonic development , as well as at hatch ( H , day 28 ) and at 3 weeks post hatching ( PH ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Igfbp 6 is a secreted factor that specifically binds insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGF 2 ) , prevents its binding to the IGF 1 receptor , and is thought to regulate the activity of IGF 2 in growth and differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mechanism of action of any synergistic affect was investigated by RT PCR to determine change in mRNA expression of IGF 2 , IGF 1R or IGF 2R . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Dose response experiments with IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and insulin demonstrated that the effects of these ligands on BRET correlate well with their known pharmacological properties toward the IGF1R . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We examined myocardial expression of insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) , IGF 2 , IGF binding protein 3 ( IGFBP 3 ) , IGF receptor 1 ( IGF 1R ) and IGF 2R in fetal sheep with maternal undernutrition . ^^^ At necropsy on day 78 or day 135 of gestation , gravid uteri were recovered . mRNA expression of IGF 1 and IGF 2 in ventricles were measured with RT PCR , and protein expression of IGF 1R , IGF 2R , IGFBP 3 was quantitated with Western blot . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Clear links between cancer and cellular signaling triggered by the insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) receptor ( IGF IR ) and its cognate ligands ( IGF 1 and IGF 2 ) have been reported throughout the past two decades . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We studied expression of the ligands IGF 1 and IGF 2 , the inhibitory IGF binding protein 3 , the type 1 IGF receptor ( IGF IR ) , and the downstream mediator insulin receptor substrate 1 by immunohistochemistry in 56 tissue specimens ( 28 low grade and 28 high grade prostate adenocarcinomas ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sections were processed for in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry . mRNA and protein expression profiles IGF 1 , IGF 2 , IGF IR , and IGF IIR mRNA were essentially identical . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PTEN overexpression induced a profound decrease in the IGF 2 and IGF IR expression levels , and downregulation of IGF 2 expression by PTEN was mediated through the regulation of the IGF 2 promoter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : The OVCAR 3 and OVCAR 4 cell lines produce IGF 1 and IGF 2 , and express IGF IR , detectable by Western blotting , supporting the existence of an autocrine loop . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Individuals underwent biopsy of the right vastus lateralis muscle , and real time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) amplification of mRNAs for insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) , IGF 2 , IGF 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) , IGF IIR , and myostatin ( 44 patients ) was performed . ^^^ RESULTS : Maintenance hemodialysis patients displayed significantly reduced mRNA levels for IGF IEa mRNA ( P < 0 . 05 ) , IGF 2 ( P < 0 . 001 ) , and IGF IR ( P < 0 . 001 ) , and no difference in mRNAs for IGF IEc , IGF IIR , or myostatin as compared to normal controls . ^^^ Skeletal muscle mRNA for IGF IEa , IGF 2 , and IGF 1 receptor is decreased in sedentary chronic hemodialysis patients . ^^^ CONCLUSION : In sedentary , clinically stable maintenance hemodialysis patients as compared to sedentary normal individuals , the mRNA levels for IGF IEa , IGF 2 , and the IGF 1 receptor are decreased in vastus lateralis muscle . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
None of the four steroids significantly affected IGF IR , IGF 2 , or IGFBP 5 mRNA levels or stromal cell proliferation . ^^^ We investigated the actions of DHT , T , DHEA , and estradiol ( E 2 ) on insulin like growth factor ( IGF ) 1 , IGF 2 , IGF 1 receptor ( R ) , IGF binding protein ( IGFBP ) 2 , IGFBP 3 , and IGFBP 5 in primary cultures of human prostatic stromal cells by assessing cell proliferation , mRNA expression , and protein secretion by MTT growth assay , quantitative real time PCR , and ELISA , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have been hypothesizing that targeting IGF 2 in addition to blocking its interaction with the IGF receptor type 1 ( IGF IR ) would also allow to block that portion of the signal transduction through the insulin receptor that is due to its interaction with IGF 2 . ^^^ They bound with high ( subnanomolar ) affinity to IGF 2 , did not cross react with IGF 1 and insulin , and potently inhibited signal transduction mediated by the IGF IR interaction with IGF 2 . ^^^ The most potent neutralizer , IgG 1 m610 , inhibited phosphorylation of the IGF IR and the insulin receptor , as well as phosphorylation of the downstream kinases Akt and mitogen activated protein kinase with an IC ( 50 ) of the order of 1 nmol / L at IGF 2 concentration of 10 nmol / L . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and IGF IR in gallbladder carcinoma . ^^^ This study was designed to analyse the expression of the IGF 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) and its ligands ( IGF 1 , IGF 2 ) in gallbladder cancer . ^^^ METHODS : IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and IGF IR immunoreactivity was investigated in 57 gallbladder carcinomas and corresponding lymph node ( n = 11 ) and hepatic ( n = 7 ) metastases using a tissue microarray technique and correlated with tumour stage , grade , and patient outcome . ^^^ RESULTS : Cancer tissue allowing a reliable evaluation of IGF 1 , IGF 2 , and IGF IR was present in 55 of 57 primary tumours and 17 of 18 metastases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Evidence from in vitro and animal studies suggests that members of the insulin like growth factors ( IGFs ) system , including IGF 1 , IGF 2 , the IGF 1 receptor ( IGF IR ) , and the IGF binding proteins ( IGFBPs ) play a central role in the development and progression of cancer . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ) , IGF 2 , and insulin have all been implicated in regulating several aspects of the malignant phenotype via the type 1 IGF receptor ( IGF1R ) and insulin receptor ( IR ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Disruption of the IGF 1 , IGF 2 or IGF1R gene retards fetal growth , whereas disruption of IGF2R or overexpression of IGF 2 enhances fetal growth . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These abnormalities were associated reduced expression of genes encoding insulin , IGF 2 , insulin receptor , IGF 1 receptor , and insulin receptor substrate 1 , and reduced ligand binding to the insulin and IGF 2 receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To evaluate the role of IGF2R or IGFBPs in mediating the actions of RA , the IGF 2 analogs [ Leu 27 ] IGF 2 ( 10 20 fold reduced IGF 1 receptor affinity ) and des ( 1 6 ) IGF 2 ( lower IGFBP binding affinity ) were used . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : These data implicate a novel antiproliferative role for RA in enhancing the pericellular clearance of IGF 2 via the IGF2R preventing ligand activation of the IGF 1 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
LoVo cells produced unprocessed pro IGF 1R protein , substantial levels of IGF 2 mRNA and mature InsR protein , consisting mainly of the InsR A isoform . ^^^ Insulin and IGF 2 promoted cell growth and pEGFR Tyr 845 , Tyr 1068 and Tyr 1173 activity and conversely , the insulin like growth factor 1 receptor ( IGF 1R ) / InsR inhibitor ABDP ( 1 muM ) inhibited growth and reduced pEGFR activity at all three tyrosine residues . pInsR and pAkt levels were increased after gefitinib treatment . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
They were assessed in right vastus lateralis muscle for insulinlike growth factor 1 ( IGF IEa and IGF IEc ) , IGF 2 , the IGF 1 receptor , the IGF 2 receptor , and myostatin . mRNA was measured by real time polymerase chain reaction amplification of reverse transcribed cDNA . ^^^ The results showed that in the MHD patients , as compared with the normal control patients , skeletal muscle mRNA levels for IGF IEa , IGF 2 , and the IGF 1 receptor were significantly reduced , whereas mRNA for IGF IEc , IGF 2 receptor , and myostatin were not different than normal . ^^^ We conclude that sedentary MHD patients show reductions in mRNA levels in the right vastus lateralis muscle for certain growth factor proteins , notably IGF IEa , IGF 2 , and the IGF 1 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ethanol also reduced insulin , IGF 1 , and IGF 2 receptor binding , insulin and IGF 1 receptor tyrosine kinase activities , ATP , membrane cholesterol , and choline acetyltransferase ( ChAT ) expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Insulin and the new long acting insulin analog , glargine , interacted with the IGF IR with over thousand and 100 fold less potency than IGF 1 itself , whereas IGF 2 had 6 times lower potency than IGF 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The insulin receptor is expressed in two isoforms , IR A and IR B ; the former also functions as a high affinity receptor for IGF 2 and is implicated , along with IGF 1R , in malignant transformation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Consistent with a direct role of this receptor in angiogenesis , insulin like growth factor 2 , as well as a mutant form of insulin like growth factor 2 that binds to the insulin like growth factor II / mannose 6 phosphate receptor but not to the insulin like growth factor 1 receptor , also stimulate endothelial cell migration and neovascularization . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Immunohistochemical analysis of insulin like growth factor 1 , insulin like growth factor 1 receptor and insulin like growth factor 2 in endometriotic tissue and endometrium . ^^^ BACKGROUND : The purpose of this study was to investigate unprecedentedly immunohistochemical localization of insulin like growth factor 1 , insulin like growth factor 1 receptor and insulin like growth factor 2 in endometriotic tissue , and to compare staining intensity with that of endometrium obtained simultaneously . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HBxAg may also stimulate the expression of positive growth regulators , such as insulin like growth factor 2 and the insulin like growth factor 1 receptor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The apparent rate of endocytosis was found to be greater for the insulin like growth factor 2 than for the insulin like growth factor 1 receptor complexes . ^^^ Since the insulin like growth factor 1 receptor is coupled to tyrosine kinase activity , tyrphostin 47 , a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor . was used and shown to decrease [ 125I ] insulin like growth factor 1 but not the [ 125I ] insulin like growth factor 2 receptor internalization profile . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The dentate hilar region however , exhibited protracted decreases in [ 125I ] insulin like growth factor 1 receptor sites throughout ( i . e . 30 days ) the study . [ 125I ] Insulin like growth factor 2 receptor binding sites in the hippocampal formation were found to be differentially altered following systemic administration of kainic acid . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Overexpression of insulin like growth factor 2 ( IGFII ) in ZR 75 1 human breast cancer cells : higher threshold levels of receptor ( IGFIR ) are required for a proliferative response than for effects on specific gene expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mice with access to the ethanol solution drank an average of 5 . 35+ / 0 . 77 g of ethanol / kg body weight per day . [ 125I ] Insulin like growth factor 1 receptor binding sites were found to be significantly increased in all subfields of the hippocampal formation , but not in the cerebellum , of ethanol treated mice compared to controls . [ 125I ] Insulin like growth factor 2 and [ 125I ] insulin receptor binding sites , on the other hand , did not exhibit any alterations either in the hippocampus or cerebellum following chronic exposure to ethanol . ^^^ These results , in keeping with earlier reports , suggest that hippocampal insulin like growth factor 1 is more sensitive to ethanol treatment than either insulin like growth factor 2 or insulin , and the observed increase in the [ 125I ] insulin like growth factor 1 receptor levels possibly reflects an activity dependent response to prevent / slow down neuronal degeneration and / or to regulate subtle functional alterations that follow chronic exposure to ethanol . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The transcripts studied were glucose transporter 5 , sarcosine oxidase , mitochondrial Mn superoxide dismutase , connexin 43 , interferon tau , insulin like growth factor 2 , apoptosis regulator box alpha and insulin like growth factor 1 receptor , most of which are known from our previous work to differ in terms of transcript abundance in blastocysts derived from culture in vitro or in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA tended to increase at 10 days TO ( 37 % above controls ; P = 0 . 07 ) , whereas mRNA for its receptor , IGF1R , was reduced by TO . ^^^
Interacting proteins: P01344 and P08069	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The biological actions of the insulin like growth factors , IGFI and IGFII , are mediated by their activation of the IGFI receptor ( IGFIR ) , a transmembrane heterotetramer linked to the RAS RAF MAPK and PI3K PKB / AKT signal transduction cascades . ^^^